Evaluating an acceptance-based lifestyle modification program to address cardiovascular disease risk among adolescent girls with overweight and obesity: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Behavioral weight loss interventions achieve only limited weight loss in adolescent samples and weight regain is common. This limited intervention success may be attributed, in part, to adolescents' lack of self-regulation skills essential for lifestyle modification and use of a one-size fits-all approach to produce weight loss in boys and girls. Interventions which teach self-regulation skills, such as Acceptance-Based Therapy (ABT), and are tailored to meet gender-specific concerns, are critical to help adolescents adapt to pervasive biological and environmental influences toward weight gain.

Implementing an evidence-based behavioral weight-loss program in community mental health centers: A randomized pilot study.

Background: Obesity is a leading cause of preventable death among individuals with serious mental illness (SMI). A prior randomized controlled trial demonstrated the efficacy of a lifestyle style intervention tailored to this population; however, such interventions need to be adapted and tested for real-world settings.

Aims: This study evaluated implementation interventions to support community mental health program staff to deliver an evidence-based lifestyle intervention to clients with obesity and SMI.

Differences in weight-loss outcomes among race-gender subgroups by behavioural intervention delivery mode: An analysis of the POWER trial.

Prior in-person behavioural intervention studies have documented differential weight loss between men and women and by race, with Black women receiving the least benefit. Remotely delivered interventions are now commonplace, but few studies have compared outcomes by race-gender groups and delivery modality. We conducted a secondary analysis of POWER, a randomized trial (NCT00783315) designed to determine the effectiveness of 2 active, lifestyle-based, weight loss interventions (remote vs.

Association Between Maladaptive Eating Behaviors Among Black Women and Vicarious Racial Discrimination Following a High-Profile Event.

Objective: Evidence suggests that racial discrimination causes stress among non-Hispanic Black women, and some Black women may cope with exposure to vicarious racial discrimination by engaging in maladaptive eating behaviors.

Methods: We examined eating behaviors among Black women (N = 254) before and after Freddie Gray's death while in police custody. Maladaptive eating behaviors were assessed using the three-factor eating questionnaire.

Study design and rationale for TEENS+REACH: Evaluating ripple effects of a family-based lifestyle intervention to untreated family members.

Background: Understanding the effects of family-based lifestyle intervention beyond the treated adolescent is important, given that obesity is a familial disease and there are likely bidirectional relations between an adolescent's treatment success and broader household changes. However, it is unknown if recommended household-wide changes are adopted or if untreated family members experience weight-related benefits.

Methods: TEENS + REACH leverages our ongoing randomized clinical trial of TEENS+, a family-based lifestyle intervention for adolescents with obesity, to determine: 1) if household-wide changes to the shared home environment are implemented, 2) if ripple effects to untreated family members are observed, and 3) whether these changes are predictive of adolescents' weight management success.

Comprehensive Diabetes Assessment Instrument for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Aims: There is a paucity of efficient processes for collecting information in a primary care setting to connect patients afflicted with type 2 diabetes to valuable resources. The objective of this research project was to develop a Comprehensive Diabetes Assessment (CDA) instrument which could be used to assess patients' barriers to best outcomes.

Methods: We reviewed published literature and online compilations for validated tools assessing threats to optimal diabetes self-management.

Comparing Implementation Strategies for an Evidence-Based Weight Management Program Delivered in Community Mental Health Programs: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Among people with serious mental illness (SMI), obesity contributes to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The Achieving Healthy Lifestyles in Psychiatric Rehabilitation (ACHIEVE) randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated that a behavioral intervention tailored to the needs of individuals with SMI results in clinically significant weight loss. While the research team delivered the ACHIEVE intervention in the trial, community mental health program staff are needed to deliver sessions to make scale-up feasible.

A Call to Reconceptualize Obesity Treatment in Service of Health Equity: Review of Evidence and Future Directions.

Purpose Of Review: Rates of obesity and associated comorbidities are higher among Black and Latino adults compared to white adults. We sought to provide an overview of both structural and individual factors contributing to obesity inequities and synthesize available evidence regarding treatment outcomes in Black and Latino adults, with an eye towards informing future directions.

Recent Findings: Obesity disparities are influenced by myriad systemic issues, yet the vast majority of interventions target individual-level factors only, and most behavioral treatments fail to target drivers beyond eating and physical activity.

Eating to cope: Advancing our understanding of the effects of exposure to racial discrimination on maladaptive eating behaviors.

Objective: Racial discrimination is a stressor for young Black women that leads to poor health outcomes, including maladaptive eating. This study presents findings on racial discrimination and maladaptive eating behaviors (overeating, LOC eating) using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).

Methods: Black emerging adult women (N = 27) with overweight or obesity participated in a 14-day EMA study examining exposure to racial discrimination, eating behaviors, and racial identity.

Recruitment and retention of emerging adults in lifestyle interventions: Findings from the REACH trial.

Objective: Emerging adulthood (EA) is a critical time to promote cardiometabolic health, but EAs are underrepresented in lifestyle intervention trials. Knowledge gaps exist regarding how best to recruit and retain sociodemographically diverse EAs. Our goal was to begin to address these gaps using data from the Richmond Emerging Adults Choosing Health (REACH) Trial.

The Weight of Racial Discrimination: Examining the Association Between Racial Discrimination and Change in Adiposity Among Emerging Adult Women Enrolled in a Behavioral Weight Loss Program.

Background: Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) emerging adult (EA) women are at disproportionate risk for obesity but experience limited benefit from behavioral weight loss (BWL) programs. Race-related stress could play a role; the goal of this study was to examine the association between racial discrimination (RD) and early (3 months) changes in adiposity, and to explore potential protective factors, among EA in an adapted BWL program.

Methods: This is an ancillary study of non-Hispanic White (NHW) and NHB EA women enrolled in an adapted BWL trial (N = 49; 55.

The Transition into Young Adulthood: a Critical Period for Weight Control.

Purpose Of Review: Emerging adulthood (age 18-25) represents a critical period for weight control: rate of weight gain is greatest during these years and the prevalence of overweight and obesity is estimated to be at least 40% among emerging adults. Unique behavioral, psychosocial, and cognitive risk factors among this population must be specifically addressed within weight management programs. We review extant treatment approaches, including lessons learned from the nascent literature specifically targeting this population.

A pilot study of the effects of intranasal budesonide delivered by NasoNeb® on patients with perennial allergic rhinitis.

Background: We investigated whether nebulization of budesonide via a NasoNeb® device would treat perennial allergic rhinitis.

Methods: We performed a parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study in subjects (n = 40) with perennial allergic rhinitis. After recording baseline symptoms, subjects were randomized to budesonide respules (0.

Common African cooking processes do not affect the aflatoxin binding efficacy of refined calcium montmorillonite clay.

Aflatoxins are common contaminants of staple crops, such as corn and groundnuts, and a significant cause of concern for food safety and public health in developing countries. Aflatoxin B (AFB) has been implicated in the etiology of acute and chronic disease in humans and animals, including growth stunting, liver cancer and death. Cost effective and culturally acceptable intervention strategies for the reduction of dietary AFB exposure are of critical need in populations at high risk for aflatoxicosis.

Calcium montmorillonite clay reduces AFB1 and FB1 biomarkers in rats exposed to single and co-exposures of aflatoxin and fumonisin.

Aflatoxins (AFs) and fumonisins (FBs) can co-contaminate foodstuffs and have been associated with hepatocellular and esophageal carcinomas in humans at high risk for exposure. One strategy to reduce exposure (and toxicity) from contaminated foodstuffs is the dietary inclusion of a montmorillonite clay (UPSN) that binds AFs and FBs in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, the binding capacity of UPSN was evaluated for AFB1, FB1 and a combination thereof in Fischer 344 rats.

Prenatal alcohol consumption and fetal growth restriction: potentiation effect by concomitant smoking.

Introduction: This study investigates whether maternal cigarette smoking modifies the association between alcohol use in pregnancy and the risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) delivery.

Method: We employed linked vital statistics data of singleton births in the state of Missouri covering the period 1989 through 1997 (N = 655,758). Multivariate logistic regression was used to generate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for SGA associated with maternal alcohol intake.