Publications by authors named "Krishnaraj A"

Article Synopsis
  • A fetus at 30 weeks gestation with severe complications due to a large vein of Galen malformation (VOGM) was treated with glue embolization after being referred for pregnancy termination.
  • The procedure successfully corrected blood flow issues and showed improvements in heart size and fetal brain structure, leading to a stable delivery.
  • Despite initial success, the newborn faced severe health challenges and ultimately passed away, highlighting the complexities and risks involved in prenatal interventions for VOGM.
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  • Cisplatin and carboplatin are widely used platinum-based chemotherapy drugs, treating around half of cancer patients, but face challenges like resistance and severe side effects.
  • * Cisplatin binds to DNA and can be less effective in some patients due to reduced uptake, highlighting the need for better monitoring of drug concentrations in cells.
  • * The article details a protocol using ICP-MS to quantify cisplatin levels in cancer cells, applicable to various cell types, aimed at improving treatment efficacy with minimal toxicity.
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Background MRI plays a crucial role in restaging locally advanced rectal cancer treated with total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT); however, prospective studies have not evaluated its ability to accurately select patients for nonoperative management. Purpose To evaluate the ability of restaging MRI to predict oncologic outcomes and identify imaging features associated with residual disease (RD) after TNT. Materials and Methods This was a secondary analysis of the Organ Preservation in Rectal Adenocarcinoma (OPRA) trial, which randomized participants from April 2014 to March 2020 with stages II or III rectal adenocarcinoma to undergo either induction or consolidation TNT.

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are guideline-recommended therapies for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. We previously observed in people living with T2D and coronary artery disease that circulating vascular regenerative (VR) progenitor cell content increased following 6-mo use of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin. In this post hoc subanalysis of the ORIGINS-RCE CardioLink-13 study (ClinicalTrials.

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Purpose Of Review: We aim to provide a comprehensive examination of the literature linking elevated rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals of South Asian ethnicity with the severity of circulating vascular regenerative cell exhaustion.

Recent Findings: Recent findings have demonstrated reduced bioavailability of pro-vascular progenitor cell subsets in individuals with T2D and obesity. Depletion of vascular regenerative cells in the bone marrow - coupled with decreased mobilization into circulation - can negatively impact the capacity for vascular repair and exacerbate CVD risk.

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Article Synopsis
  • - REDUCE-IT trial showed icosapent ethyl (IPE) decreased major cardiovascular events by 25%, but the exact reasons for its benefits were unclear, leading to the IPE-PREVENTION CardioLink-14 trial to explore its effect on vascular regenerative (VR) cell content in individuals with high triglycerides.
  • - In the study, 70 individuals on statins were given either IPE (4 g/day) or usual care; results showed IPE increased the frequency of ALDHSSC CD133 progenitor cells and reduced oxidative stress in progenitor cells, even as overall ALDHSSC cell frequency decreased.
  • - The findings suggest that IPE not only impacts VR cell content but may also
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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a chronic condition that often copresents with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are incretin mimetics endorsed by major professional societies for improving glycemic status and reducing atherosclerotic risk in people living with type 2 diabetes. Although the cardioprotective efficacy of GLP-1RAs and their relationship with traditional risk factors are well established, there is a paucity of publications that have summarized the potentially direct mechanisms through which GLP-1RAs mitigate atherosclerosis.

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Ischaemic cardiovascular diseases, including peripheral and coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke, remain major comorbidities for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. During cardiometabolic chronic disease (CMCD), hyperglycaemia and excess adiposity elevate oxidative stress and promote endothelial damage, alongside an imbalance in circulating pro-vascular progenitor cells that mediate vascular repair. Individuals with CMCD demonstrate pro-vascular 'regenerative cell exhaustion' (RCE) characterized by excess pro-inflammatory granulocyte precursor mobilization into the circulation, monocyte polarization towards pro-inflammatory vs.

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Article Synopsis
  • South Asian individuals have a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases compared to White Europeans, prompting a study on their vascular regenerative cell content.
  • The study included 60 South Asians and 60 White Europeans, revealing that South Asians had lower levels of key regenerative cells and exhibited more severe diabetes symptoms.
  • Findings suggest that South Asians possess compromised vascular repair capabilities, which may explain why they face greater cardiovascular risks.
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Background: This exploratory sub-analysis of the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 trial examined whether the previously reported benefit of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin on left ventricular (LV) mass (LVM) regression differs between individuals of South Asian and non-South Asian ethnicity.

Methods: EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that randomised 97 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) to either empagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo for 6 months. LV parameters and function were assessed using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

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Studying spatiotemporal water quality characteristics and their correlation with land use/land cover (LULC) patterns is essential for discerning the origins of various pollution sources and for informing strategic land use planning, which, in turn, requires a comprehensive analysis of spatiotemporal water quality data to comprehend how surface water quality evolves across different time and space dimensions. In this study, we compared catchment, riparian, and reach scale models to assess the effect of LULC on WQ. Using various multivariate techniques, a 14-year dataset of 20 WQ variables from 20 monitoring stations (67,200 observations) is studied along the Middle Ganga Basin (MGB).

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Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is an uncommon sleeping disorder that is described by patients as a loud noise occurring while transitioning into and out of sleep. It is not accompanied by a headache but causes a sense of fright. We describe the case of a 58-year-old female patient, presenting with a total of 11 events of EHS occurring at bedtime.

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Sodium glucose-cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been reported to reduce cardiovascular events and heart failure in people with and without diabetes. These medications have been shown to counter regenerative cell exhaustion in the context of prevalent diabetes. This study sought to determine if empagliflozin attenuates regenerative cell exhaustion in people without diabetes.

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Purpose Of Review: This review will provide an overview of the recent literature linking the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic disease with the depletion and dysfunction of circulating vascular regenerative (VR) cell content. Moreover, we provide rationale for the use of VR cells as a biomarker for cardiovascular risk and the use of pharmacological agents to improve VR cell content.

Recent Findings: Recent studies demonstrate the potential of VR cells as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk and as a therapeutic target.

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  species has become a leading cause of nosocomial infections in recent years.  The aim of the study was to establish the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) for the identification of species with respect to conventional biochemical methods and MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus system and to compare the antibiotic susceptibility test results Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus automated identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing system.  The study sample comprised 100 clinical isolates of species.

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Radiologic tests often contain rich imaging data not relevant to the clinical indication. Opportunistic screening refers to the practice of systematically leveraging these incidental imaging findings. Although opportunistic screening can apply to imaging modalities such as conventional radiography, US, and MRI, most attention to date has focused on body CT by using artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted methods.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the lower limit of radiation dose required to measure visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volumes when a fat quantification and noise reduction techniques (NRTs) are combined. For this purpose, we utilized CT colonography (CTC) images taken at low doses and manually segmented VAT and SAT fat volumes as ground truth. In order to derive the acceptable precision of the measurements needed to estimate the lower limit of radiation dose, we estimated the effect of different positioning during CT scanning on fat measurements using manually segmented VAT and SAT against normal dose.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study looked at 200 South Asian participants in Canada with existing cardiovascular disease to see how well the results of a previous study (REDUCE-IT) on a medication called icosapent ethyl (IPE) could apply to them.
  • Findings showed that many of these high-risk, statin-treated South Asians are eligible for IPE, highlighting a significant need for tailored treatments within this demographic to help reduce their higher cardiovascular risks.
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Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have been demonstrated to promote reverse cardiac remodeling in people with diabetes or heart failure. Although it has been theorized that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors might afford similar benefits in people without diabetes or prevalent heart failure, this has not been evaluated. We sought to determine whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin leads to a decrease in left ventricular (LV) mass in people without type 2 diabetes or significant heart failure.

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Background: Frailty, sarcopenia and malnutrition are powerful predictors of clinical outcomes that are not routinely measured in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association of sarcopenia, determined by the psoas muscle index (PMI) with overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with concurrent immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and chemotherapy (CTX).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from a cohort of patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC who were treated between 2015 and 2021 at the University of Virginia Medical Center.

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Understanding the dynamics of water quality in any water body is vital for the sustainability of our water resources. Thus, investigating spatio-temporal changes of dominant water quality parameters (WQPs) in any study is indeed critical for proposing the appropriate treatment for the water bodies. Traditionally, concentrations of WQPs have been measured through intensive fieldwork.

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