Phototoxicity Prediction of Drugs and Chemicals by using Derek Nexus and QSAR Toolbox.

Phototoxicity testing is crucial for evaluating the potential harmful effects of pharmaceuticals and chemicals on human skin when exposed to sunlight. Traditional models involving mice, rats, guinea pigs, as well as assays such as the 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake phototoxicity assay and methods based on the use of reconstructed human epidermis, have been established for phototoxicity testing. While these approaches are extremely valuable, they are costly in terms of both time and resources.

Addressing Irreversibility and Structural Distortion in WS Inorganic Fullerene-Like Nanoparticles: Effects of Voltage Cutoff Experiments in Beyond Li-Ion Storage Applications.

Large interlayer spacing beneficially allows Na- and K-ion storage in transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD)-based electrodes, but side reactions and volume change, which pulverize the TMD crystalline structure, are persistent challenges for the utilization of these materials in next-generation devices. This study first determines whether irreversibility due to structural distortion, which results in poor cycling stability, is also apparent in the case of inorganic fullerene-like (IF) tungsten disulfide (WS) nanocages (WSIF). To address these problems, this study proposes upper and lower voltage cutoff experiments to limit specific reactions in Na/WSIF and K/WSIF half-cells.

An Integrated Computational and Experimental Approach to Formulate Tamanu Oil Bigels as Anti-Scarring Agent.

Tamanu oil has traditionally been used to treat various skin problems. The oil has wound-healing and skin-regenerating capabilities and encourages the growth of new skin cells, all of which are helpful for fading scars and hyperpigmentation, as well as promoting an all-around glow. The strong nutty odor and high viscosity are the major disadvantages associated with its application.

Chiral Nanoparticle Chains on Inorganic Nanotube Templates.

Fabrication of chiral assemblies of plasmonic nanoparticles is a highly attractive and challenging task, with promising applications in light emission, detection, and sensing. So far, primarily organic chiral templates have been used for chirality inscription. Despite recent progress in using chiral ionic liquids in synthesis, the use of organic templates significantly limits the variety of nanoparticle preparation techniques.

Novel Insights into the Bioactive Metabolites of Macrocybe gigantea (Agaricomycetes), Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Combined with Chemoinformatic Approaches.

Macrocybe gigantea is an edible mushroom and has multiple pharmacological properties, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. However, only a few reports are currently available on the bioactive compounds and bioactivity of this mushroom. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the unique chemical diversity of the fruiting body of M.

Challenges in setting permitted daily exposure limits for pharmaceuticals: A review.

Background: When more than one drug is manufactured at a shared facility or equipment in pharmaceutical manufacturing, the potential carry-over of the retained residue of existing drug product on product contact parts of the equipment to the next product can be a source of cross contamination. Permitted daily exposure (PDE) is derived based on the complete nonclinical and clinical data available and is a dose that is unlikely to cause adverse effects if an individual is exposed, by any route, at or below this dose every day over a lifetime.

Objective: The objective was to present a comprehensive review of available scientific knowledge for derivation of PDE.

Approaches for setting occupational exposure limits in the pharmaceutical industry.

The use of pharmaceutical drugs has provided a cure for many diseases. However, unintended exposure to drugs in the manufacturing workplace can cause significant health hazards to workers. It is important to protect the workforce from these deleterious effects by limiting exposure to an acceptable level, the occupational exposure limit (OEL).

Effect of saroglitazar 2 mg and 4 mg on glycemic control, lipid profile and cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 56-week, randomized, double blind, phase 3 study (PRESS XII study).

Background: The potential for PPAR agonists to positively affect risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is of persistent attention. The PRESS XII study primarily aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of saroglitazar (2 mg and 4 mg) as compared to pioglitazone 30 mg on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: In this randomized double-blind study, patients with T2DM [glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7.

Exploring the ethnomycological potential of Mont. through GC-MS and chemoinformatics tools.

Deciphering the ethnopharmacological importance is one of the prime steps towards understanding the indigenous traditional medicines practised over the centuries. With the advent of modern techniques, it is possible to unravel and explore the hidden ethnopharmacological benefits, comprising complex bioactive compounds of substantial health benefits and together it helps to treat the complex diseases without any side effects as seen in the case of modern synthetic drugs. In this concern, the present study aims to identify the ethnomycologically significant mycocompounds derived from the fruiting body of wild edible macrofungi, that contain a vast array of compounds with notable edibility and a wide spectrum of medicinal applications.

Mesoporous Foam TiO2 Nanomaterials for Effective Hydrogen Production.

Hydrolysis of TiCl4 in a diether-functionalized imidazolium ionic liquid (IL), namely 1-methyl-3-[2-(2-methoxy(ethoxy)ethyl]imidazolium methane sulfonate (M(MEE)I⋅CH3 SO3 ), results in a heterostructured organic/inorganic and sponge-like porous TiO2 material. The thermal treatment (300 °C) followed by calcination (500 °C) affords highly porous TiO2 . The characterization of the obtained samples (with and without IL, before and after calcination) by XRD, SEM, and TEM reveals TiO2 anatase crystalline phases and irregular-shaped particles with different porous structures.

Persistent mullerian duct syndrome: A case report and review of the literature.

Persistent mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is usually an accidental finding either during orchipexy or during routine inguinal hernia repair in male patients presenting with maldescended or crytorchid testes. It is caused by a defect in the mullerian inhibiting substance system. Intraoperatively, mullerian remnants consisting of an infantile uterus and fallopian tubes are usually found.

Degradation of polyethylene by Trichoderma harzianum--SEM, FTIR, and NMR analyses.

Trichoderma harzianum was isolated from local dumpsites of Shivamogga District for use in the biodegradation of polyethylene. Soil sample of that dumpsite was used for isolation of T. harzianum.

Bioaccumulation potential of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus for removal of heavy metals from paper mill effluent.

In the present study Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus isolated from paper mill effluent showed tolerance and accumulation of toxic metals Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr and Cu from synthetic medium and paper mill effluent. Physico-chemical and heavy metals characterization of industrially treated paper mill effluent showed insignificant reduction in BOD, hardness, TDS and heavy metals as compared to permissible limits of BIS and WHO. A.

Synthesis and antimosquito properties of 2,6-substituted benzo[d]thiazole and 2,4-substituted benzo[d]thiazole analogues against Anopheles arabiensis.

A novel and efficient one pot synthesis was developed for 2,6-substituted-benzo[d]thiazole analogues 4a-k and 2,4-substituted-benzo[d]thiazole analogues 4l-pvia three component condensation reaction of substituted arylaldehyde, 2-amino-6-halo/4-methyl-benzo[d]thiazole and 2-naphthol or 6-hydroxyquinoline in presence of 10% w/v NaCl in water by microwave method. This method enabled for short reaction times, easy work-up and significant high yields. The title compound 4b was used for single crystal X-ray studies in order to understand its conformation and packing features.

HIV prevalence among persons suspected of tuberculosis: policy implications for India.

Background: HIV testing of persons referred for tuberculosis diagnosis (TB suspects) is recommended by World Health Organization but is not a policy in India, where HIV prevalence among TB suspects has never been reported. The current Indian policy of offering HIV testing only to TB cases may limit opportunities for early HIV diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: All adult TB suspects examined for diagnostic sputum microscopy in Mandya district (2 million population), in December 2010, were offered voluntary HIV counseling and testing.

Diphyllobothriasis in a nine-year-old child in India: a case report.

Introduction: The Diphyllobothrium genus belongs to the Diphyllobothridea order of tapeworms. Diphyllobothrium spp., which is commonly known as fish tapeworm, is generally transmitted in humans, but also in other species, such as bears, dogs, cats, foxes, and other terrestrial carnivores.

Ganoderma lucidum: a source for novel bioactive lectin.

Ganoderma lucidum is known for its high medicinal value, clinically used in treatment for various diseases. We have selected this mushroom for isolation of novel bioactive lectin. The isolation procedure comprised of ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE- cellulose and affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel.

Endoxifen, a new cornerstone of breast cancer therapy: demonstration of safety, tolerability, and systemic bioavailability in healthy human subjects.

Endoxifen is an active metabolite of tamoxifen, a drug used in the treatment of breast cancer. In order to be clinically effective, tamoxifen must be converted to endoxifen by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). A study involving single escalating oral doses was conducted in humans to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of endoxifen.

An approach to obtain specific polyclonal antisera to Xanthomonas campestris pv. cyamopsidis and its potential application in indexing of infected seeds of guar.

Clusterbean seed health testing is warranted since the pathogen (Xanthomonas campestris pv. cyamopsidis (Xccy)) is seed-borne and seed-transmitted. A polyclonal antibody was developed in rabbit via subcutaneous and intramuscular injections and characterized for sensitivity, specificity and its applicability to ELISA which: (i) was sensitive in detecting as few as 102 cells ml - 1 at a titre of 1: 4000; (ii) was specific, since it reacted only with Xccy and not with other xanthomonads; (iii) reacted both with Xccy cells and culture filtrate, indicating that the antigenic determinant is a secretory component; (iv) was applicable and reliable in seed health testing since it reacted only with infected seeds and plant materials and not with healthy seeds and (v) a purified fraction of antibody was virulent-specific since heat-denatured and avirulent isolates were not detected.