The Impact of Thyroiditis on Morbidity and Safety in Patients Undergoing Total Thyroidectomy.

Background: The indications for surgery in thyroiditis vary from compressive symptoms to cosmesis. We analyzed the complications in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) in goiters associated with thyroiditis.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was done in an endocrine surgical center over 4 years.

Role of halogen-halogen contacts in the crystal structures of three new solvates of the drug oxyclozanide.

Halogen-halogen contacts are electrostatic in nature and exhibit directionality similar to hydrogen bonds. Oxyclozanide [systematic name: 2,3,5-trichloro-N-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-hydroxybenzamide] is a drug used for the treatment of fascioliasis in domestic animals. The molecule carries five chlorine substituents and represents an ideal candidate for the study of halogen bonds in the crystal.

A Prospective Study on Role of Supplemental Oral Calcium and Vitamin D in Prevention of Postthyroidectomy Hypocalcemia.

Background: Postoperative transient hypocalcemia is sequelae of total thyroidectomy (TT), which is observed in up to 50% of patients. Routine oral calcium and Vitamin D supplementation have been proposed to prevent symptomatic hypocalcemia preventing morbidity and facilitating early discharge.

Patients And Methods: A total of 208 patients with nontoxic benign thyroid disorders, undergoing TT, were serially randomized into four groups: Group A (no supplements were given), Group B (oral calcium - 2 g/day given), Group C (calcium and calcitriol - 1 mcg/day are given), and Group D (calcium, calcitriol, and cholecalciferol - 60,000 IU/day are given).

Three isostructural solvates of a tetrahydrofurochromenone derivative.

Isostructurality is more likely to occur in multicomponent systems. In this context, three closely related solvates were crystallized, namely, benzene (CHBrO·CH), toluene (CHBrO·CH) and xylene (CHBrO·CH) with methyl 3a-acetyl-3-(4-bromophenyl)-4-oxo-1-phenyl-3,3a,4,9b-tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-c]chromene-1-carboxylate, and their crystal structures determined. All three structures belong to the same space group (P-1) and display similar unit-cell dimensions and conformations, as well as isostructural crystal packings.

EBSLN and Factors Influencing its Identification and its Safety in Patients Undergoing Total Thyroidectomy: A Study of 456 Cases.

Background: The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) is at surgical risk during superior thyroid pole ligation during thyroidectomy. Majority of studies have addressed the identification of these nerves and its reported incidence. Very few studies have addressed the relationship of these nerves with the volume of the thyroid gland and presence of toxicity.

A Prospective Study on Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Patients with Hyperthyroidism and Its Reversal After Surgical Cure.

Background: Cardiovascular dysfunction (CVD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in hyperthyroidism. CVD and its reversibility after total thyroidectomy (TT) are not adequately addressed. This prospective case-control study evaluates the effect of hyperthyroidism on myocardium and its reversibility after TT.

Structural consequences of weak interactions in dispirooxindole derivatives.

Spiro scaffolds are being increasingly utilized in drug discovery due to their inherent three-dimensionality and structural variations, resulting in new synthetic routes to introduce spiro building blocks into more pharmaceutically active molecules. Multicomponent cascade reactions, involving the in situ generation of carbonyl ylides from α-diazocarbonyl compounds and aldehydes, and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditon with 3-arylideneoxindoles gave a novel class of dispirooxindole derivatives, namely 1,1''-dibenzyl-5'-(4-chlorophenyl)-4'-phenyl-4',5'-dihydrodispiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indoline]-2,2''-dione, C44H33ClN2O3, (I), 1''-acetyl-1-benzyl-5'-(4-chlorophenyl)-4'-phenyl-4',5'-dihydrodispiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indoline]-2,2''-dione, C39H29ClN2O4, (II), 1''-acetyl-1-benzyl-4',5'-diphenyl-4',5'-dihydrodispiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indoline]-2,2''-dione, C39H30N2O4, (III), and 1''-acetyl-1-benzyl-4',5'-diphenyl-4',5'-dihydrodispiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indoline]-2,2''-dione acetonitrile hemisolvate, C39H30N2O4·0.5C2H3N, (IV).

Three structures of dispirooxindole derivatives generated in situ through a three-component one-pot strategy with complete regio- and stereoselectivity.

The challenging molecular architecture of spirooxindoles is appealing to chemists because it evokes novel synthetic strategies that address configurational demands and provides platforms for further reaction development. The [3+2] cycloaddition of the carbonyl ylide with arylideneoxindole via a five-membered cyclic transition state gave a novel class of dispirooxindole derivatives, namely tert-butyl 4'-(4-bromophenyl)-1''-methyl-2,2''-dioxo-5'-phenyl-4',5'-dihydrodispiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indoline]-1-carboxylate, C36H31BrN2O, (Ia), 5'-(4-bromophenyl)-1,1''-dimethyl-4'-phenyl-4',5'-dihydrodispiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indoline]-2,2''-dione, C32H25BrN2O3, (Ib), and tert-butyl 1''-methyl-2,2''-dioxo-4'-phenyl-5'-(p-tolyl)-4',5'-dihydrodispiro[indoline-3,2'-furan-3',3''-indoline]-1-carboxylate, C37H34N2O5, (Ic). Crystal structure analyses of these dispirooxindoles revealed the formation of two diastereoisomers selectively and confirmed their relative stereochemistry (SSSR and RRRS).

Four cocrystals of thymine with phenolic coformers: influence of the coformer on hydrogen bonding.

Cocrystals are molecular solids composed of at least two types of neutral chemical species held together by noncovalent forces. Crystallization of thymine [systematic name: 5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione] with four phenolic coformers resulted in cocrystal formation, viz. catechol (benzene-1,2-diol) giving thymine-catechol (1/1), C5H6N2O2·C6H6O2, (I), resorcinol (benzene-1,3-diol) giving thymine-resorcinol (2/1), 2C5H6N2O2·C6H6O2, (II), hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) giving thymine-hydroquinone (2/1), 2C5H6N2O2·C6H6O2, (III), and pyrogallol (benzene-1,2,3-triol) giving thymine-pyrogallol (1/2), C5H6N2O2·2C6H6O3, (IV).

Four oxoindole-linked α-alkoxy-β-amino acid derivatives.

Four structures of oxoindolyl α-hydroxy-β-amino acid derivatives, namely, methyl 2-{3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-1-methyl-2-oxoindolin-3-yl}-2-methoxy-2-phenylacetate, C24H28N2O6, (I), methyl 2-{3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-1-methyl-2-oxoindolin-3-yl}-2-ethoxy-2-phenylacetate, C25H30N2O6, (II), methyl 2-{3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-1-methyl-2-oxoindolin-3-yl}-2-[(4-methoxybenzyl)oxy]-2-phenylacetate, C31H34N2O7, (III), and methyl 2-[(anthracen-9-yl)methoxy]-2-{3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-1-methyl-2-oxoindolin-3-yl}-2-phenylacetate, C38H36N2O6, (IV), have been determined. The diastereoselectivity of the chemical reaction involving α-diazoesters and isatin imines in the presence of benzyl alcohol is confirmed through the relative configuration of the two stereogenic centres. In esters (I) and (III), the amide group adopts an anti conformation, whereas the conformation is syn in esters (II) and (IV).

The first polymorph in the family of nucleobases: a second form of cytosine.

A new polymorph of cytosine, C4H5N3O, is reported half a century after the report of its first known crystal structure [Barker & Marsh (1964). Acta Cryst. 17, 1581-1587].

Folded conformations due to arene interactions in dissymmetric and symmetric butylidene-linker models based on pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, purine and 7-deazapurine.

The butylidene-linker models 1-[2-(2,6-dimethylsulfanyl-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-methylidenepropyl]-4,6-bis(methylsulfanyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, C18H20N8S4, (XI), 7,7'-(2-methylidenepropane-1,3-diyl)bis[3-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(7H)-one], C20H22N6O2S2, (XIV), and 7-[2-(4,6-dimethylsulfanyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl)-2-methylidenepropyl]-3-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-3H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(7H)-one, C19H21N7OS3, (XV), show folded conformations in solution, as shown by (1)H NMR analysis. This folding carries over to the crystalline state. Intramolecular π-π interactions are observed in all three compounds, but only (XIV) shows additional intramolecular C-H···π interactions in the solid state.

Tetra- and hexahydrates of bis(adeninium) zoledronate.

The present paper reports the structures of bis(adeninium) zoledronate tetrahydrate {systematic name: bis(6-amino-7H-purin-1-ium) hydrogen [1-hydroxy-2-(1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)-1-phosphonatoethyl]phosphonate tetrahydrate}, 2C5H6N5(+)·C5H8N2O7P2(2-)·4H2O, (I), and bis(adeninium) zoledronate hexahydrate {systematic name: a 1:1 cocrystal of bis(6-amino-7H-purin-1-ium) hydrogen [1-hydroxy-2-(1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)-1-phosphonatoethyl]phosphonate hexahydrate and 6-amino-7H-purin-1-ium 6-amino-7H-purine dihydrogen [1-hydroxy-2-(1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)ethane-1,1-diyl]diphosphonate hexahydrate}, 2C5H6N5(+)·C5H8N2O7P2(2-)·6H2O, (II). One of the adenine molecules and one of the phosphonate groups of the zoledronate anion of (II) are protonated on a 50% basis. The zoledronate group displays its usual zwitterionic character, with a protonated imidazole ring; however, the ionization state of the phosphonate groups of the anion for (I) and (II) are different.

Zolmitriptan oxalate and zolmitriptan camphorsulfonate: the first structural study of salt complexes of the antimigraine drug zolmitriptan.

Zolmitriptan hydrogen oxalate [(S)-dimethyl(2-{5-[(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}ethyl)azanium hydrogen oxalate], C16H22N3O2(+)·C2HO4(-), (I), and zolmitriptan camphorsulfonate [(S)-dimethyl(2-{5-[(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl)methyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}ethyl)azanium (S,R)-{2-hydroxy-7,7-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-1-yl}methanesulfonate], C16H22N3O2(+)·C10H15O4S(-), (II), are the first reported salt complexes of the antimigraine drug zolmitriptan.

Solvent-mediated pseudo-quadruple hydrogen-bond motifs in three lamotrigine-carboxylic acid complexes.

Lamotrigine, an antiepileptic drug, has been complexed with three aromatic carboxylic acids. All three compounds crystallize with the inclusion of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent, viz. lamotriginium [3,5-diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-2-ium] 4-iodobenzoate N,N-dimethylformamide monosolvate, C9H8Cl2N5(+)·C7H4IO2(-)·C3H7NO, (I), lamotriginium 4-methylbenzoate N,N-dimethylformamide monosolvate, C9H7Cl2N5(+)·C8H8O2(-)·C3H7NO, (II), and lamotriginium 3,5-dinitro-2-hydroxybenzoate N,N-dimethylformamide monosolvate, C9H8Cl2N5(+)·C7H3N2O7(-)·C3H7NO, (III).

Counter ion effect in Au/Ag-catalyzed chemoselective 6-endo-dig N- and O-cyclizations of enyne-urea system: diversity-oriented synthesis of annulated indoles.

A two-step protocol for the diversity-oriented synthesis of annulated indoles following MCR-post MCR modification concept is described. The reaction initially proceeds through the annulation of 2-(2,2-dibromovinyl)aniline, an isocyanate, and a terminal alkyne in a three-component tandem format via Cu/Pd-catalyzed cross coupling to afford N-1 and C-2 functionalized indole. In the subsequent step, the enyne-urea derivative undergoes chemo- and regioselective 6-endo cyclization to afford O-cyclized product in the presence of Au(I)/AgNO3 and N-cyclized product in the presence of Au(I)/AgOTf under a post-MCR modification step.

Frovatriptan salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids.

The interaction of the antimigraine pharmaceutical agent frovatriptan with acetic acid and succinic acid yields the salts (±)-6-carbamoyl-N-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-3-aminium acetate, C14H18N3O(+)·C2H3O2(-), (I), (R)-(+)-6-carbamoyl-N-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-3-aminium 3-carboxypropanoate monohydrate, C14H18N3O(+)·C4H5O4(-)·H2O, (II), and bis[(R)-(+)-6-carbamoyl-N-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-3-aminium] succinate trihydrate, 2C14H18N3O(+)·C4H4O4(2-)·3H2O, (III). The methylazaniumyl substitutent is oriented differently in all three structures. Additionally, the amide group in (I) is in a different orientation.

Structural and spectral characterization of a new non-centrosymmetric organic thiosulfate.

Aqueous reaction of ammonium thiosulfate with ethylenediamine (en) results in the formation of the title compound (enH(2))[S(2)O(3)] (1) (enH(2)=ethylenediammonium) in good yields. Compound 1 was characterized by analytical data, IR, Raman and NMR spectra, X-ray powder pattern and its crystal structure was determined. The structure of 1 which crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), consists of two crystallographically independent (enH(2))(2+) dications and two unique thiosulfate anions, which are interlinked by three varieties of H-bonding interactions, namely N-H⋯O, N-H⋯S, and C-H⋯O.

Three novel benzothiazine-fused triazoles as potential centrally acting muscle relaxants.

The structures of the novel triazolobenzothiazines 2,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-d][1,4]thiazin-1-one (IDPH-791), C(9)H(7)N(3)OS, (I), a potential muscle relaxant, its benzoyl derivative, 2-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-2,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-d][1,4]thiazin-1-one, C(20)H(17)N(3)O(4)S, (II), and the β-keto ester derivative, ethyl 3-oxo-2-(1-oxo-2,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-d][1,4]thiazin-2-yl)-3-phenylpropanoate, C(17)H(13)N(3)O(2)S, (III), are the first examples of benzothiazine-fused triazoles in the crystallographic literature. The heterocyclic thiazine rings in all three structures adopt a distorted half-chair conformation. Compound (III) exists in the trans-β-diketo form.

Structures of benzoxazine-fused triazoles as potential diuretic agents.

6,8-Dinitro-2,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-d][1,4]oxazin-1-one, C(9)H(5)N(5)O(6), (I), a potential diuretic, and its acetylacetone derivative (E)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-oxopent-2-en-3-yl)-6,8-dinitro-2,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-d][1,4]oxazin-1-one, C(14)H(11)N(5)O(8), (II), both crystallize from methanol but in centrosymmetric and noncentrosymmetric space groups, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of crystal structures of benzoxazine-triazole fused systems. The acetylacetone group in (II) exists as the keto-enol tautomer and is oriented perpendicular to the triazol-3-one ring.

Crystal structure of L-histidinium 2-nitrobenzoate.

A new nonlinear optical organic compound, namely, L-histidinium 2-nitrobenzoate (abbreviated as LH2NB (I); ([C(6)H(10)N(3)O(2)](+) [C(7)H(4)NO(4)](-))), was synthesized. The molecular structure of LH2NB (I) was elucidated using single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of this compound is about two times that of the standard potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals.

Multiple hydrogen bonds in cytosinium zoledronate trihydrate.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound [systematic name: 4-amino-2-oxo-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-1-ium 1-hydroxy-2-(1H,3H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl)ethylidenediphosphonate trihydrate], C(4)H(6)N(3)O(+)·C(5)H(9)N(2)O(7)P(2)(-)·3H(2)O, contains one cytosinium cation, one zoledronate anion and three water molecules. The zoledronate anion has a zwitterionic character, in which each phosphonate group is singly deprotonated and an imidazole N atom is protonated. Furthermore, proton transfer takes place from one of the phosphonic acid groups of the zoledronate anion to one of the N atoms of the cytosinium cation.

Four stereoisomers of the novel μ-opioid receptor agonist tapentadol hydrochloride.

The crystal and molecular structures of four stereoisomers of tapentadol hydrochloride [systematic name: 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N,2-trimethylpentan-1-aminium chloride], C(14)H(24)NO(+)·Cl(-), a novel analgesic agent, have been determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. Resolution of the isomers was carried out by reverse-phase and chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods. Stereoisomers (I) and (II) crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2(1), each with two tapentadol cations and two chloride anions in the asymmetric unit, while stereoisomers (III) and (IV) crystallize in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with one tapentadol cation and one chloride anion in the asymmetric unit.