Molecular biomarkers of dysphagia targeted exercise induced neuroplasticity: A review of mechanistic processes and preliminary data on detraining effects.

While molecular adaptations accompanying neuroplasticity during physical exercises are well-established, little is known about adaptations during dysphagia-targeted exercises. This research article has two primary purposes. First, we aim to review the existing literature on the intersection between resistance (strength) training, molecular markers of neuroplasticity, and dysphagia rehabilitation.

Novel Therapeutic Nutrients Molecules That Protect against Zika Virus Infection with a Special Note on Palmitoleate.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a Flavivirus from the Flaviviridae family and a positive-sense single strand RNA virus. ZIKV infection can cause a mild infection to the mother but can be vertically transmitted to the developing fetus, causing congenital anomalies. The prevalence of ZIKV infections was relatively insignificant with sporadic outbreaks in the Asian and African continents until 2006.

Effect of fertigation through drip and micro sprinkler on plant biometric characters in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.).

A field experiment to study the influence of fertigation of N, P and K fertilizers on biometric characters of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) was conducted at the Department of Spices and Plantation Crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during January 2010 to December 2011. The experiment was laid out with thirteen treatments replicated three times in a randomized block design.

Use of resampling techniques to estimate the variance of parameters in pharmacological assays when experimental protocols preclude independent replication: an example using Schild regressions.

Estimates of variance in pharmacological assays are usually made by repeating the experiment with different tissues. Biological factors, such as the inability to wash a drug from tissue, may preclude the type of replication that is appropriate for the statistics of interest. For example, in Schild regressions, replication is usually done at each concentration of antagonist.

Bleomycin mediated degradation of DNA-RNA hybrids does not involve C-1' chemistry.

Incubation of Fe(II) bleomycin and O2 with a number of 'A'-like DNA-RNA hybrid homopolymers at 4 atm O2 results in formation of base propenal and base in a ratio of approximately 1.0:1.0.

Sequence-dependent cooperative interactions in A/T-containing oligo- and polydeoxyribonucleotides.

To evaluate the length and sequence dependence of the unusual interaction properties observed for nonalternating A/T sequences in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) [Wilson, W. D., Wang, Y.

Stopped-flow kinetic analysis of the interaction of anthraquinone anticancer drugs with calf thymus DNA, poly[d(G-C)].poly[d(G-C)], and poly[d(A-T)].poly[d(A-T)].

The sodium dodecyl sulfate driven dissociation reactions of daunorubicin (1), mitoxantrone (2), ametantrone (3), and a related anthraquinone without hydroxyl groups on the ring or side chain (4) from calf thymus DNA, poly[d(G-C)]2, and poly[d(A-T)]2 have been investigated by stopped-flow kinetic methods. All four compounds exhibit biphasic dissociation reactions from their DNA complexes. Daunorubicin and mitoxantrone have similar dissociation rate constants that are lower than those for ametantrone and 4.

Intercalators as probes of DNA conformation: propidium binding to alternating and non-alternating polymers containing guanine.

Propidium iodide is used as a structural probe for alternating and non-alternating DNA polymers containing guanine and the results are compared to experiments with poly[d(A-T)2], poly(dA . dT) and random DNA sequences. Viscometric titrations indicate that propidium binds to all polymers and to DNA by intercalation.

Poly(dA).poly(dT) exists in an unusual conformation under physiological conditions: propidium binding to poly(dA).poly(dT) and poly[d(A-T)].poly[d(A-T)].

The binding of propidium to poly(dA).poly(dT) [poly(dA.dT)] and to poly[d(A-T)].

Stopped-flow kinetic, 1H, and 31P NMR analysis of the intercalation of ethidium with poly d(G-C) X d(G-C).

In a low salt buffer (0.011 M Na+) stopped-flow kinetic results for the SDS driven dissociation of an ethidium-Poly d(G-C) X d(G-C) complex are 8.7, 23, and 58.

Free-metal ion depletion by "Good's" buffers.

Metal-ion affinity (formation) constants were determined for two "Good's" buffers, N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (TES) and N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (bicine). The metal chelates formed undergo loss of an internal ligand (alcohol) proton (bicine) and undergo hydrolysis (bicine and TES) and dimerization reactions (TES). Bicine and TES buffer not only hydrogen ions but also metal ions.