Exosomes: the latest in regenerative aesthetics.

Regenerative aesthetics is a burgeoning field for skin rejuvenation and skin health restoration. Exosomes, or extracellular vesicles, represent a new and minimally invasive addition to the regenerative aesthetic toolbox. These nano-sized vesicles contain bioactive cargo with crucial roles in intercellular communication.

Black Bone MRI for Virtual Surgical Planning in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery.

Advances in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing software have improved translational applications of virtual surgical planning (VSP) in craniomaxillofacial surgery, allowing for precise and accurate fabrication of cutting guides, stereolithographic models, and custom implants. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) imaging has traditionally been the gold standard imaging modality for VSP in craniomaxillofacial surgery but delivers ionizing radiation. Black bone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reduces the risks related to radiation exposure and has comparable functionality when compared with CT for VSP.

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Recurrence After Wide Local Excision Versus Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Local recurrence (LR) rates of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) treated with different surgical modalities are unknown.

Objective: To evaluate the differences in LR rates of DFSP treated with wide local excision (WLE) versus Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS).

Materials And Methods: Pertinent studies of DFSP treated with either WLE or MMS were identified through a search of multiple databases, including Ovid MEDLINE (1946-2018), Embase (1988-2018), Web of Science (1975-2018), and Scopus (1970-2018).

Role of adipose tissue grafting and adipose-derived stem cells in peripheral nerve surgery.

The application of autologous fat grafting in reconstructive surgery is commonly used to improve functional form. This review aims to provide an overview of the scientific evidence on the biology of adipose tissue, the role of adipose-derived stem cells, and the indications of adipose tissue grafting in peripheral nerve surgery. Adipose tissue is easily accessible through the lower abdomen and inner thighs.

The Potential Impact of COVID-19 on Aesthetic Fellowship Programs.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about immense change in health care. Surgical specialties in particular have had to make major adjustments because of the cancellation of nonemergent surgeries. Aesthetic surgery fellowships are uniquely affected because of the high number of elective cases and the length of the fellowship.

Update on the Basic Science Concepts and Applications of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Hand and Craniofacial Surgery.

Adipose-derived stem cell therapy offers plastic surgeons a novel treatment alternative for conditions with few therapeutic options. Adipose-derived stem cells are a promising treatment because of their broad differentiation potential, capacity for self-renewal, and ease of isolation. Over the past decade, plastic surgeons have attempted to harness adipose-derived stem cells' unique cellular characteristics to improve the survival of traditional fat grafting procedures, a process known as cell-assisted lipotransfer.

High-Definition Lipoplasty in Male Patients: A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques and Outcomes.

Background: Lipoplasty has undergone a series of refinements since its inception. It is now possible to apply superficial suction to enhance the outline of a muscle in order to improve the results of aesthetic lipoplasty.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to summarize the available evidence on the techniques and surgical outcomes of high-definition lipoplasty (HDL) in male patients.

Regenerative Properties of Autologous Fat Grafting in a Complicated Radiation-Induced Wound.

Introduction: Delayed wound healing and ulceration in radiated tissue is a surgical challenge. Autologous fat grafting can reverse skin changes secondary to radiation such as fibrosis, scarring, contracture, and pain. Adipose-derived stem cells are thought to contribute to the regenerative properties of fat.

Telemedicine in International Cleft Care: A Systematic Review.

Background: Cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP) are among the world's most common congenital malformation and has a higher prevalence in developing nations due to environmental and genetic factors. Global efforts have been developed in order to prevent and treat the malformation. Telemedicine has been implemented in various humanitarian global missions with success and is currently the primary means of care due to COVID-19.

Current risk of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.

Recent epidemiological studies have attempted to accurately determine the risk of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). However, comparisons of previously published works are difficult due to widespread variations in reporting. We systematically review the epidemiology in order to better define the current risk of BIA-ALCL.

Aesthetic Augmentation Phalloplasty: A Systematic Review of Techniques and Outcomes.

Background: Aesthetic augmentation phalloplasty is a set of procedures aimed at increasing penile length and/or girth; many of these procedures are investigational. This systematic review set out to summarize available literature on these procedures in patients with normal penile anatomy.

Methods: A systematic review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

A Cadaveric Anatomical and Histological Study of Recipient Intercostal Nerve Selection for Sensory Reinnervation in Autologous Breast Reconstruction.

Background:  Autologous breast reconstruction (ABR) has grown in popularity due to improved aesthetic and long-term patient reported outcomes, but data regarding sensory reinnervation of autologous flaps remain limited. Traditionally, the lateral cutaneous branch of the fourth intercostal nerve has been used for flap neurotization, but the use of the anterior cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerves (ACB) offer a more optimal location to the microsurgical field when using internal mammary vessels for the microanastomosis. This study aimed to evaluate the optimum ACB recipient site level for sensory nerve coaptation in ABR.

Plastic Surgery Lockdown Learning during Coronavirus Disease 2019: Are Adaptations in Education Here to Stay?

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 has had a major impact on human life and livelihood. The unprecedented challenges have expanded beyond just social and work life, and have grown to impact resident education. In this article, we review the structure of plastic surgery education before the pandemic, the different online learning opportunities for self-directed learning.

Dual innervation of free gracilis muscle for facial reanimation: What we know so far.

Background: In the last decade, some institutions have begun combining the CFNG and masseteric nerve to provide dual innervation to the gracilis muscle for dynamic facial reanimation in facial paralysis patients. We reviewed the various ways that these two nerves have been coapted to provide dual innervation, and summarized the functional outcome for these methods.

Methods: A search of the Ovid EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Scopus databases was performed from 1946 to May 2019 for dual innervation of gracilis muscle using CFNG plus masseteric nerve for facial reanimation.

Reconstruction of Complex Abdominal Wall Defect With Autogenous Pedicled Demucosalized Seromuscular Flap.

Abdominal wall reconstruction is indicated when 1 or more of the abdominal wall components (skin, fascia, or muscle) are either injured or absent. When faced with defects requiring flap reconstruction, the decision regarding flap choice should take into consideration the volume of soft tissue required, the extent of the defect, donor site morbidity, and prior surgical scars that affect flap vascularity. We present a case of an abdominal wall defect with limited reconstructive options in which a spare ileal bowel segment was filleted to create a seromuscular flap for improving the abdominal wall blood supply.

Do We Publish What We Present? A Critical Analysis of Abstracts Presented At Three Plastic Surgery Meetings.

Background: Presentation of research at scientific conferences provides an opportunity for researchers to disseminate their work and gain peer-feedback. However, much of the presented work is never published in peer-reviewed journals. We aimed to analyze the conversion rate of abstracts presented at three national plastic surgery meetings.

Fat Graft Enrichment Strategies: A Systematic Review.

Background: Autologous fat grafting is a dynamic modality used in plastic surgery as an adjunct to improve functional and aesthetic form. However, current practices in fat grafting for soft-tissue augmentation are plagued by tremendous variability in long-term graft retention, resulting in suboptimal outcomes and repetitive procedures. This systematic review identifies and critically appraises the evidence for various enrichment strategies that can be used to augment and improve the viability of fat grafts.

Autologous Fat Grafting Does Not Increase Risk of Oncologic Recurrence in the Reconstructed Breast.

Introduction: Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is a popular and effective method of breast reconstruction after mastectomy; however, the oncological safety of AFG remains in question. The aim of this study was to determine whether AFG increases the risk of cancer recurrence in the reconstructed breast.

Methods: A matched, case-control study was conducted from 2000 to 2017 at the senior author's institution.

Eyebrow Height Changes with Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: The eyebrows play an important role in emotional facial expressions, nonverbal communication, and facial esthetics. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying eyebrow aging is vital in allowing plastic surgeons to appropriately address these age-related changes and to recreate an aesthetically desirable outcome for patients seeking brow rejuvenation. The aim of this study is to summarize the current literature on eyebrow height changes with aging.

Augmentation Phalloplasty for Acquired Penile Shortening: A Systematic Review of Techniques, Outcomes, Patient Satisfaction, and Limitations.

Introduction: Although an infrequent cause of small penile size in adult men, acquired penile shortening represents a particular reconstructive challenge due to preexisting penile anatomic deformities.

Aim: With numerous techniques being performed, the purpose of our study is to assess available literature on length enhancement procedures used for acquired penile shortening deformities.

Methods: A systematic review was performed using the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses.