Effectiveness of lifestyle intervention on prevention/management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain among persons with severe mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Individualized lifestyle interventions using motivational interviewing (MI) approach are recommended for persons with severe mental illness (SMI) for effective weight management. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of various lifestyle interventions that addressed obesity among persons with SMI. Twelve RCTs were assessed by individual reviewers using revised cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2).

Crosstalk between inflammasomes, inflammation, and Nrf2: Implications for gestational diabetes mellitus pathogenesis and therapeutics.

The role of inflammasomes in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has emerged as a critical area of research in recent years. Inflammasomes, key components of the innate immune system, are now recognized for their involvement in the pathogenesis of GDM. Activation of inflammasomes in response to various triggers during pregnancy can produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), contributing to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.

Unequal Representation of Persons with Disabling Mental Health Conditions in the Quota-Based Employment Reservations Notified by a Public Service Commission.

Introduction: The Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act 2016 of India intends to achieve greater representation of persons with benchmark disabilities (PwBD) at government establishments and reserve at least 4% of employment vacancies for PwBD. Of this 4%, 1% is reserved for PwBD with disabling mental health conditions (PwBD-MHC) and multiple disabilities, and 1% each for PwBD due to other disabling conditions like blindness, hearing, and locomotor impairment.

Methods: We analyzed all the employment vacancy announcements (EVAs) made by the Indian union public service commission (UPSC) during the calendar year 2020 for their adherence to quota-based employment reservations (QBER).

Role of ferroptosis inhibitors in the management of diabetes.

Ferroptosis, the iron-dependent, lipid peroxide-mediated cell death, has garnered attention due to its critical involvement in crucial physiological and pathological cellular processes. Indeed, several studies have attributed its role in developing a range of disorders, including diabetes. As accumulating evidence further the understanding of ferroptotic mechanisms, the impact this specialized mode of cell death has on diabetic pathogenesis is still unclear.

Role of ER stress inhibitors in the management of diabetes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress has been established to play a key pathophysiological role in developing metabolic diseases such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The complications of DM have been closely associated with deregulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways, which are critically responsible for restoring homeostasis following ER stress. Chronic ER stress in the background of persistent hyperglycemia, as observed in DM, overwhelms the UPR signaling and commits the cells to apoptosis.

Homelessness in mental illness: Opportunities & prospects in the Indian context.

Homelessness is considered a serious public health concern. Bidirectional relationship has been established between homelessness and mental illness by research studies and its association with compromised well-being, poor quality of life and low productivity. Recent legislative enactments in India have necessitated on the part of the state to address issues related to the rights of persons with mental illness including shelter and housing.

The impact of depressive symptoms on the clinical presentation of Persistent Delusional Disorder.

Background: Our aim was to investigate the influence of depressive symptoms on the clinical presentation of Persistent Delusional Disorder (PDD).

Methods: We have previously conducted a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with PDD (n = 455). We divided this sample into two groups according to the presence or absence of co-morbid depressive symptoms - a subsample of PDD with depressive co-morbidity (PDD + D; n = 187) and a subsample of PDD without depressive co-morbidity (PDD only; n = 268).

Risperidone versus olanzapine in the acute treatment of Persistent Delusional Disorder: A retrospective analysis.

There is a dearth of prospective trials studying treatment response in Persistent Delusional Disorder (PDD) to guide clinical practice. Available retrospective data indicate good response to second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). We selected the data of patients prescribed either olanzapine or risperidone from a retrospective chart review of PDD (n=455) at our centre.

Fluorescence of in diagnosis of oral candidiasis.

Background: Many pathogenic fungi fluoresce in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections, and Papanicolaou (PAP)-stained smears under ultraviolet illumination. In theory, this phenomenon could aid in the diagnosis of common fungal infections without the delay which is usually associated with special stains.

Objective: To evaluate the role of fluorescence as a rapid screening technique for oral infections caused by Candida organisms in exfoliative smears of oral candidiasis.

Psychosis in a Patient with Davidoff-Dyke-Masson Syndrome.

Objectives: To report the finding of psychosis in a patient with Davidoff-Dyke-Masson Syndrome.

Method: Case report.

Conclusions: Right-sided hemiatrophy may be an addition to the list of neuro-developmental and structural cerebral anomalies associated with psychotic disorders including schizophrenia.

Comparison of potassium hydroxide mount and mycological culture with histopathologic examination using periodic acid-Schiff staining of the nail clippings in the diagnosis of onychomycosis.

Background: Onychomycosis is a common problem noticed in clinical practice. Currently available standard laboratory methods show inconsistent sensitivity; hence there is a need for newer methods of detection.

Aims: This study involves comparison of standard laboratory tests in the diagnosis of onychomycosis, namely, potassium hydroxide mount (KOH mount) and mycological culture, with histopathologic examination using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of the nail clippings.