Trends of Antimicrobial Resistance of Sepsis Pathogens at a University Hospital in New Delhi, India.

Knowledge of the aetiological agents and its susceptibility to antimicrobial agents enables the clinician to initiate appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy and guides diagnostic procedures. The aims of the study were to identify prevalence of bacterial pathogens causing sepsis and observe their antimicrobial resistance trends in hospitalized patients. A prospective cohort study was conducted on patients of sepsis admitted at a university hospital over a period of six months.

Adverse drug reaction monitoring during antimicrobial therapy for septicemia patients at a university hospital in New Delhi.

Background/aims: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an appreciably harmful or unpleasant reaction, resulting from an intervention related to the use of a medicinal product. The present study was conducted in order to monitor the frequency and severity of ADR during antimicrobial therapy of septicemia.

Methods: A prospective, observational, and noncomparative study was conducted over a period of 6 months on patients of septicemia admitted at a university hospital.

Levosimendan reduces myocardial damage and improves cardiodynamics in streptozotocin induced diabetic cardiomyopathy via SERCA2a/NCX1 pathway.

Aims: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common causes of mortality. Its pathophysiology is not fully understood and involve number of factors including, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The present study was designed to study the pathogenesis of DCM and to explore the effects of levosimendan along with either ramipril or insulin in the long term management of DCM.

Cissampelos pareira Linn. ameliorates thyroxin-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cissampelos pareira extract has been traditionally used in ayruveda as cardiotonic, diuretics and in heart complains but its pharmacological evaluation in thyroxin-induced cardiac hypertrophy has not yet been explored.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study was to assess the cardioprotective effect of C. pareira root extract in experimentally induced hyperthyroidism in rats.

Levosimendan suppresses oxidative injury, apoptotic signaling and mitochondrial degeneration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy plays a major role in morbidity and mortality among cardiovascular disorder-related complications. This study was designed to explore long-term benefits of Levosimendan (LEVO) along with Ramipril and Insulin. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced using streptozotocin (STZ) at the dose of 25 mg/kg/body weight/day for three consecutive days in Wistar rats.

Assessment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced cardiotoxicity.

Introduction: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (coxibs) and traditional NSAIDs (tNSAIDs), have been widely used for the treatment of pain and rheumatic disease. The use of NSAIDs has been linked to increased cardiovascular toxicity in both healthy individuals and patients with established cardiovascular disease. Various recently published studies have raised concerns about the cardiovascular safety of NSAIDs; this review is focused on the cardiotoxic effects of NSAIDs.

Protective effect of a direct renin inhibitor in acute murine model of cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of aliskiren against doxorubicin (DXR)-induced cardiorenal injury and to identify the mechanisms involved. Intraperitoneal administration of DXR (15 mg/kg, body weight, as a single dose) caused significant induction in the levels of angiotensin I, caspase-3, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA), urea, and creatinine. Concomitant decline in the levels of albumin and total protein in plasma, reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH), and antiperoxidative enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels followed by ultrastructural alterations in the myocardial and renal tissues were also observed.

Effects of pioglitazone and vildagliptin on coagulation cascade in diabetes mellitus--targeting thrombogenesis.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is intricately allied with an increased risk of atherothrombotic disease. Thrombosis is the cause of mortality in 80% of patients with diabetes mellitus. Endothelial abnormalities lead to elevated inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers as seen in diabetes.

Protective effect of Withania somnifera against oxidative stress and pancreatic beta-cell damage in type 2 diabetic rats.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Withania somnifera (WS) on lipid peroxidation (LPO), activities of both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants and histopathological examination of pancreas in type 2 diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (100 mg/kg) to 2 days old rat pups. Oxidative stress was measured by tissue LPO levels, reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and by enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).

Protective effects of histamine H3-receptor ligands in schizophrenic behaviors in experimental models.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) afflicts around 1% of the world's population with characteristic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive disorders. Several experimental studies in the past have indicted brain histaminergic neuronal system involvement in the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders including SCZ. Present study investigates anti-schizophrenic activity using two histamine H(3)-receptor (H(3)R)-antagonists/inverse agonists, ciproxifan (3.

Aliskiren as a novel therapeutic agent for hypertension and cardio-renal diseases.

Objectives: High blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and renal complications. A majority of treated hypertensive patients still complain of high BP. The renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) has been a centre-stage target for all the cardiovascular and cardio-renal complications.

Effect of Cissampelos pareira root extract on isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction.

The aim of this study was to assess the cardioprotective effect of Cissampelos pareira root extract on isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats. Male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups and received either normal saline (0.5 ml/kg, intraperitoneally), isoproterenol (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), C.

Aliskiren attenuates myocardial apoptosis and oxidative stress in chronic murine model of cardiomyopathy.

Doxorubicin (DXR) is one of the most effective antineoplastic agents. However, the optimal clinical use of this agent is limited because of marked cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, reperfusion injury and congestive heart failure.

Isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy in rats: influence of Acorus calamus Linn.: A. calamus attenuates cardiomyopathy.

Acorus calamus has been used as a traditional remedy since ancient days but its cardioprotective effect is not yet well characterized. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of A. calamus rhizome extract in isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy in rats.

RETRACTED: Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone aggravate doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in Wistar rats.

The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.

Protective effects of 'Khamira Abresham Hakim Arshad Wala', a unani formulation against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

Doxorubicin is one of the most active cytotoxic agents in current use. The clinical usefulness of the doxorubicin has been precluded by its marked cardiotoxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Khamira Abresham Hakim Arshadwala, a well known unani cardiac tonic formulation, pre-treatment on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity in rats.

Diclofenac sodium, a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug aggravates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats.

The cardiotoxic effects of selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors are well documented. Recently, concerns have been raised over the cardiovascular safety of nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. The aim of this study was to assess the cardiac effects of diclofenac sodium on doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats.

Effect of Withania somnifera on insulin sensitivity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus rats.

We investigated the effect of an aqueous extract of Withania somnifera (WS) on insulin sensitivity in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats. NIDDM was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) to 2 days old rat pups. WS (200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally once a day for 5 weeks after the animals were confirmed diabetic (i.

Comparative efficacy of liposome-entrapped amiloride and free amiloride in animal models of seizures and serum potassium in mice.

The present study was aimed to evaluate a liposomal formulation of amiloride on experimental seizure models including the increasing current electroshock seizure threshold test (ICES), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures and PTZ-induced status epilepticus in mice. Further, the effect of liposomal amiloride on serum K(+) levels was also investigated using flame photometry. We found an improved anticonvulsant action with liposome-entrapped amiloride as compared to free amiloride.

Amiloride protects against pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling in mice.

This study was performed to investigate whether or not amiloride, a sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE) inhibitor, can protect against seizure development of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling in mice.Kindling was induced by once every 2 days treatment with PTZ (25 mg kg(-1) i.p.