Effects of canagliflozin on myocardial microvascular density, oxidative stress, and proteomic profile.

Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are cardioprotective, and canagliflozin (CANA), an SGLT2i, has been shown to improve perfusion, AMPK signaling, and oxidative stress in chronically ischemic myocardium. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of CANA in nonischemic myocardium on coronary collateralization, oxidative stress, and other molecular pathways determined by proteomic profiling.

Methods: Yorkshire swine underwent placement of an ameroid constrictor to the left circumflex artery.

Association Between Marijuana Use and Clinical Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Introduction: Though marijuana use has been linked to an increase in heart failure admissions, no prior study has explored the association between its use and outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study examines the relationship between marijuana use and postoperative outcomes in CABG patients.

Methods: We utilized data from the National Inpatient Sample database from 2008 to 2018 for CABG patients ≥18 y old.

Poorly controlled hypertension is associated with increased coronary myogenic tone in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Objective: Cardioplegia and cardiopulmonary bypass dysregulate coronary vasomotor tone, which can be further affected by common comorbidities in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This study investigates differences in coronary myogenic tone and vasomotor responses to phenylephrine before and after cardioplegia and cardiopulmonary bypass based on hypertension history.

Methods: Coronary arterioles before and after cardioplegia and cardiopulmonary bypass were dissected from atrial tissue samples in patients with no hypertension, well-controlled hypertension, or uncontrolled hypertension, as determined by documented history of hypertension, antihypertensive agent use, and clinical blood pressure measurements averaged over 1 year.

Perioperative management of acetabular and pelvic fractures: evidence-based recommendations.

Purpose: The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons does not currently provide clinical practice guidelines for management of PAF. Accordingly, this article aims to review and consolidate the relevant historical and recent literature in important topics pertaining to perioperative management of PAF.

Methods: A thorough literature review using PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases was performed to assess preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management of PAF fracture.