Flow-cytometric Analysis of Reactive Oxygen Species in Blood Cells: A Potential Tool for Predicting Restenosis - Insights from a Cohort Study.

Introduction: In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a recurrence of a blockage in a section of the coronary artery that has previously been treated with a stent. Molecular/biochemical pathways underlying ISR are not fully understood, but inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced oxidative stress play a significant role in the pathogenesis of restenosis. As blood cells are highly sensitive to oxidative stress and blood is readily accessible compared to other tissues, the current study flow cytometrically investigated intracellular ROS and cytokine profile of blood cells as possible markers of restenosis.

Multi-target therapeutic modulation with natural compounds towards DNA repair MRN-checkpoint sensor genes (MRN-CSGs) and oncogenic miRNAs in breast cancer patients: a Clinico-Informatic study.

Breast cancer, more prevalent in women, often arises due to abnormalities in the MRN-checkpoint sensor genes (MRN-CSG), responsible for DNA damage detection and repair. Abnormality in this complex is due to the suppression of various effectors such as siRNAs, miRNAs, and transcriptional factors responsible for breast tumor progression. This study analyzed breast tumor samples (n = 60) and identified four common miRNAs (miR-1-3p, miR-210-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-34a-5p) out of 12, exploring their interactions with MRN-CSG.

Mechanistic Regulation of Epidermal Growth Factor and Hormonal Receptors by Kinase Inhibitors and Organofluorines in Breast Cancer Therapy.

Differential expression patterns of growth factor (EGFR, HER-2) and hormonal (ER, PR) receptors in breast cancer (BC) remain crucial for evaluating and tailoring therapeutic interventions. This study investigates differential expression profiles of hormonal and growth factor receptors in BC patients and across age groups, major subclasses, disease stages and tumor histology and survival rates, the efficacy of emerging clinical trial drugs (Dabrafenib and Palbociclib) and elucidating their molecular interaction mechanisms for efficient therapeutic strategies. Gene and protein expression analysis in the normal vs BC and across age groups and major subclasses reveals divergent patterns as EGFR and HER-2 levels are reduced in tumors versus normal tissue, while ER and PR levels are higher, particularly in luminal subtypes.

Unravelling benzazepines and aminopyrimidine as multi-target therapeutic repurposing drugs for EGFR V774M mutation in neuroglioma patients.

Introduction: Neuroglioma, a classification encompassing tumors arising from glial cells, exhibits variable aggressiveness and depends on tumor grade and stage. Unraveling the EGFR gene alterations, including amplifications (unaltered), deletions, and missense mutations (altered), is emerging in glioma. However, the precise understanding of emerging EGFR mutations and their role in neuroglioma remains limited.

Dual functionality of pyrimidine and flavone in targeting genomic variants of EGFR and ER receptors to influence the differential survival rates in breast cancer patients.

Breast cancer ranks as one of the most prevalent forms of cancer and stands as the primary global cause of mortality among women. Overexpression of EGFR and ER receptors or their genomic alterations leads to malignant transformation, disease aggression and is linked to poor patient survival outcomes. The clinical breast cancer patient's genomic expression, survival analysis, and computational drug-targeting approaches were used to identify best-hit phytochemicals for therapeutic purposes.

Structure and dynamic simulation-based interactions of benzenoids, pyrroles and organooxygen compounds for effective targeting of GPX4 in ischemic stroke.

The discovery of a novel drug for ischemic stroke is plagued by expensive and unsuccessful outcomes. FDA-approved drugs could be a viable repurposing strategy for stroke therapy. Emerging evidence suggests the regulating role of Glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) in stroke and attracts as a potential target.

Terpenoid analogues as putative therapeutic agents towards glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) in neurodegenerative disorders: a dynamic computational approach.

Carvacrol, a monoterpenoid phenolic phytochemical, a potent antioxidant, and neuroprotective agent is an emerging neuroprotective agent for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Considering scarce information on carvacrol analogues, we hypothesized an investigation emphasizing their preferential binding towards glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) as a target across different species for evaluating through preclinical to clinical studies (2OBI and 6HN3 for ; 5L71 for . Enrichment analysis suggests that ROC (0.

Secretory Phospholipase A (sPLA) Isozymes as Potential Targets in Tobacco Condensate- induced Colon Damage.

Aims: To find out the role of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA) isozymes as potential targets in tobacco condensate-induced colon damage.

Background: The effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA) and its isozymes in colon cells, which are still unclear and emerging, are studied.

Objectives: The study aimed to check the effect of CSC on cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide.

Identification of homologous human miRNAs as antivirals towards COVID-19 genome.

The COVID-19 fatality rate is ~57% worldwide. The investigation of possible antiviral therapy using host microRNA (miRNA) to inhibit viral replication and transmission is the need of the hour. Computational techniques were used to predict the hairpin precursor miRNA (pre-miRNAs) of COVID-19 genome with high homology towards human (host) miRNA.

Chemopreventive effect of artesunate in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis.

Artesunate (ART) is a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin. Artemisinin and its derivatives have shown profound cytotoxicity and antitumor activity in addition to antimalarial activity in various studies. As the chemopreventive efficacy of ART in colon carcinogenesis has not been investigated so far, the aim of the current study was to study the chemopreventive effect of ART in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced rat colon carcinogenesis.

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) IVA as a potential signature molecule in cigarette smoke condensate induced pathologies in alveolar epithelial lineages.

Background: Smoking is one of the leading causes of millions of deaths worldwide. During cigarette smoking, most affected and highly exposed cells are the alveolar epithelium and generated oxidative stress in these cells leads to death and damage. Several studies suggested that oxidative stress causes membrane remodeling via Phospholipase A2s but in the case of cigarette smokers, mechanistically study is not yet fully defined.

Increased synthesis of folate transporters regulates folate transport in conditions of ethanol exposure and folate deficiency.

Excessive alcohol consumption and dietary folate inadequacy are the main contributors leading to folate deficiency (FD). The present study was planned to study regulation of folate transport in conditions of FD and ethanol exposure in human embryonic kidney cell line. Also, the reversible nature of effects mediated by ethanol exposure and FD was determined by folate repletion and ethanol removal.

Comparison of encapsulated versus nonencapsulated (14) C-urea breath test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection: a scintigraphy study.

Background And Aims: (14) C-urea breath test ((14) C-UBT) is considered as "gold standard" for detection of active gastric H. pylori infection. However, till date no comparative study using encapsulated and non-encapsulated (14) C-UBT protocols has been conducted in same subjects in identical conditions.

Comparative evaluation of different doses of PPAR-γ agonist alone and in combination with sulfasalazine in experimentally induced inflammatory bowel disease in rats.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory condition, which affects the gastrointestinal tract and has no curative treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different doses of pioglitazone alone and in combination with sulfasalazine in TNBS (trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in rats.

Methods: A total of 36 animals were included in the study.

Curcumin sensitizes lung adenocarcinoma cells to apoptosis via intracellular redox status mediated pathway.

The present study demonstrates that curcumin acts as pro-oxidant and sensitizes human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549) to apoptosis via intracellular redox status mediated pathway. Results indicated that curcumin induced cell toxicity (light microscopy and MTT assay) and apoptosis (AnnexinV-FITC/PI labeling and caspase-3 activity) in these cells. These events seem to be mediated through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide radicals (SOR) and enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation.

Mechanistic insights of intestinal absorption and renal conservation of folate in chronic alcoholism.

Folate mediated one-carbon metabolism is of fundamental importance for various cellular processes, including DNA synthesis and methylation of biological molecules. Due to the exogenous requirement of folate in mammals, there exists a well developed epithelial folate transport system for regulation of normal folate homeostasis. The intestinal and renal folate uptake is tightly and diversely regulated and disturbances in folate homeostasis like in alcoholism have pathological consequences.

Superiority of non-capsulated 14C-urea breath test over capsule based method for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection - a preliminary report.

Background: 14C-urea breath test (14C-UBT) is employed as a 'gold standard' technique for the detection of active gastric Helicobacter pylori infection and is recommended as the best option for "test-and-treat" strategy in primary health care centers.

Aim: To compare the performance of capsulated and non-capsulated 14C-UBT protocols for the detection of H. pylori infection in patients.

Decreased activity of folate transporters in lipid rafts resulted in reduced hepatic folate uptake in chronic alcoholism in rats.

Folic acid is an essential nutrient that is required for one-carbon biosynthetic processes and for methylation of biomolecules. Deficiency of this micronutrient leads to disturbances in normal physiology of cell. Chronic alcoholism is well known to be associated with folate deficiency, which is due in part to folate malabsorption.

A new perspective on the quercetin paradox in male reproductive dysfunction.

Dietary bioflavonoids represent a large class of polyphenolic compounds found in most plants. A significant number of flavonoids are reported to have beneficial health effects. Quercetin is one such flavonoid which has been reported to possess strong antioxidant properties.

Folate malabsorption is associated with down-regulation of folate transporter expression and function at colon basolateral membrane in rats.

Folates, an essential component (important B vitamin) in the human diet, are involved in many metabolic pathways, mainly in carbon transfer reactions such as purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and amino acid interconversions. Deficiency of this micronutrient leads to the disruption of folate-dependent metabolic pathways that lead to the development of clinical abnormalities ranging from anaemia to growth retardation. Folate deficiency due to alcohol ingestion is quite common, primarily due to malabsorption.

Bacopa monniera Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Impairment of Spatial Memory in Mice.

Scopolamine, an anticholinergic, is an attractive amnesic agent for discerning the action of candidate antiamnesic drugs. Bacopa monniera Linn (Syn. Brahmi) is one such antiamnesic agent that is frequently used in the ancient Indian medical system.

14C-urea breath test is safe for pediatric patients.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, quite prevalent in the developing countries, is considered to be one of the causative factors for various gastric pathologies and other nongastric diseases. It is believed that H.

Corticosteroids affect nitric oxide generation, total free radicals production, and nitric oxide synthase activity in monocytes of asthmatic patients.

Airways inflammation, a pathological hallmark of asthma, is associated with the recruitment of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory cells like eosinophils, polymorphonuclear leucocytes cells, mononuclear cells, macrophages, epithelial desquamation, and airways remodeling with sub-epithelial fibrosis. Activated inflammatory cells along with the resident cells can generate pro-inflammatory mediators including oxidants such as superoxide radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species. One of such inflammatory mediator that has received considerable attention is the nitric oxide (NO(•)) generated by pulmonary macrophageal/epithelial cells.