See something, say something: the coroner's perspective.

The communicating safely policy, publicised by the catchphrase See Something, Say Something was released by the Medical Radiation Practice Board of Australia in 2019. It was developed to support medical radiation practitioners (MRPs) upholding the obligation to communicate urgent or unexpected findings in a timely manner, when identified on medical images. Prior to this policy being part of the professional capabilities, several untimely deaths occurred-the majority of whose causal factors could have been mitigated if imaging findings were urgently communicated by MRPs.

Variations of image interpretations of radiologists from different populations in mammography and tomosynthesis with different levels of breast density.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the diagnostic performances of Australian and Shanghai-based Chinese radiologists in reading full-field digital mammogram (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with different levels of breast density.

Approach: Eighty-two Australian radiologists interpreted a 60-case FFDM set, and 29 radiologists also reported a 35-case DBT set. Sixty Shanghai radiologists read the same FFDM set, and 32 radiologists read the DBT set.

Efficacy and Safety of Nutrient Supplements for Glycaemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: An Umbrella Review and Hierarchical Evidence Synthesis.

Background: Nutrient supplements are widely used for type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet evidence-based guidance for clinicians is lacking. Methods: We searched the four electronic databases from November 2015−December 2021. The most recent, most comprehensive, high-ranked systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and/or umbrella reviews of randomised controlled trials in adults with T2D were included.

Telereporting in Breast Imaging Involving More Than 1 Country Requires Careful Consideration.

Purpose: To examine the effect that a test set from 1 region of the world has on the performance of expert breast radiologists from that region and from a distant region.

Methods: Forty-seven Australian and 15 Singaporean breast radiologists interpreted the same test set (ie, 60 mammograms of Australian women consisting of 40 typical and 20 atypical cases) in their respective locations. The radiologists assigned each case a confidence score of 1 to 5, where 1 was typical, 2 was benign, and 3 to 5 indicated identifiable cancer.

Impact of Hours Awake and Hours Slept at Night on Radiologists' Mammogram Interpretations.

Objectives: To examine whether radiologists' mammogram reading performance varies according to how long they have been awake ("hours awake") and the number of hours they slept ("hours slept") the night before a reading session.

Methods: Retrospective data were retrieved from the BreastScreen Reader Assessment Strategy database. Malignancy-enriched mammographic readings were performed by 133 radiologists.

Mammographic interpretation in Vietnam: Tailored educational strategies are needed to increase clinicians' expertise.

Aim: Breast cancer incidence is rapidly increasing throughout South East Asia, highlighting the need for high-quality early diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of mammography detection in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam, using data from Australian radiologists as a benchmark; factors that influence performance will be highlighted.

Methods: A total of 53, 35 and 52 clinicians from Australia, HCMC and Hanoi, respectively, examined and diagnosed a test set of 60 mammograms, 20 of which contained cancers.

Reader characteristics and mammogram features associated with breast imaging reporting scores.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the reading performances of radiologists in detecting cancers on mammograms using Tabar Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) classification and identify factors related to breast imaging reporting scores.

Methods: 117 readings of five different mammogram test sets with each set containing 20 cancer and 40 normal cases were performed by Australian radiologists. Each radiologist evaluated the mammograms using the BIRADS lexicon with category 1 - negative, category 2 - benign findings, category 3 - equivocal findings (Recall), category 4 - suspicious findings (Recall), and category 5 - highly suggestive of malignant findings (Recall).

Breast screening attendance of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in the Northern Territory of Australia.

Objective: To compare breast screening attendances of Indigenous and non-Indigenous women.

Methods: A total of 4,093 BreastScreen cases were used including 857 self-identified Indigenous women. Chi-squared analysis compared data between Indigenous and non-Indigenous women.

Mammographic densities of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women living in Australia's Northern Territory.

Objectives: To compare the mammographic densities and other characteristics of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women screened in Australia.

Methods: Population screening programme data of Aboriginal (n = 857) and non-Aboriginal women (n = 3236) were used. Mann-Whitney U test compared ages at screening and Chi-square tests compared personal and clinical information.

Breast Cancer Diagnostic Efficacy in a Developing South-East Asian Country.

Background: Breast cancer, is increasing in prevalence amongst South East (SE) Asian women, highlighting the need for high quality, early diagnoses. This study investigated radiologists’ detection efficacy in a developing (DC) and developed (DDC) SE Asian country, as compared to Australian radiologists. Methods: Using a test-set of 60 mammographic cases, 20 containing cancer, JAFROC figures of merit (FOM) and ROC area under the curves (AUC) were calculated as well as location sensitivity, sensitivity and specificity.

Improvement of Cancer Detection on Mammograms via BREAST Test Sets.

Background: Breast Screen Reader Assessment Strategy (BREAST) is an innovative training and research program for radiologists in Australia and New Zealand. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of BREAST test sets in improving readers' performance in detecting cancers on mammograms.

Materials And Methods: Between 2011 and 2018, 50 radiologists (40 fellows, 10 registrars) completed three BREAST test sets and 17 radiologists completed four test sets.

Benefits of Independent Double Reading in Digital Mammography: A Theoretical Evaluation of All Possible Pairing Methodologies.

Rationale And Objectives: To establish the efficacy of pairing readers randomly and evaluate the merits of developing optimal pairing methodologies.

Materials And Methods: Sensitivity, specificity, and proportion correct were computed for three different case sets that were independently read by 16 radiologists. Performance of radiologists as single readers was compared to expected double reading performance.

Radiologists can detect the 'gist' of breast cancer before any overt signs of cancer appear.

Radiologists can detect abnormality in mammograms at above-chance levels after a momentary glimpse of an image. The study investigated this instantaneous perception of an abnormality, known as a "gist" response, when 23 radiologists viewed prior mammograms of women that were reported as normal, but later diagnosed with breast cancer at subsequent screening. Five categories of cases were included: current cancer-containing mammograms, current mammograms of the normal breast contralateral to the cancer, prior mammograms of normal cases, prior mammograms with visible cancer signs in a breast from women who were initially reported as normal, but later diagnosed with breast cancer at subsequent screening in the same breast, and prior mammograms without any visible cancer signs from women labelled as initially normal but subsequently diagnosed with cancer.

Breast Cancer in Australian Indigenous Women: Incidence, Mortality, and Risk Factors.

The Indigenous people of Australia face significant health gaps compared with the general population, with lower life expectancies, higher rates of death, and chronic illness occurring more often than in non-indigenous Australians. Cancer is the second largest contributor to the burden of disease with breast cancer being the most common invasive cancer diagnosed for females. Despite a lower breast cancer incidence compared with non-indigenous women, fatalities occur at an elevated rate and breast cancers have an earlier age of onset.

Impact of Breast Reader Assessment Strategy on mammographic radiologists' test reading performance.

Introduction: The detection of breast cancer is somewhat limited by human factors, and thus there is a need to improve reader performance. This study assesses whether radiologists who regularly undertake the education in the form of the Breast Reader Assessment Strategy (BREAST) demonstrate any changes in mammography interpretation performance over time.

Methods: In 2011, 2012 and 2013, 14 radiologists independently assessed a year-specific BREAST mammographic test-set.

Certain performance values arising from mammographic test set readings correlate well with clinical audit.

Introduction: Test sets have been increasingly utilised to augment clinical audit in breast screening programmes; however, their relationship has never been satisfactorily understood. This study examined the relationship between mammographic test set performance and clinical audit data.

Methods: Clinical audit data over a 2-year period was generated for each of 20 radiologists.

Evaluation of the effect of zoom function on lesion detection by soft-copy reading of screening mammograms.

Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of zooming in improving screen-reader performance in reporting digital mammograms.

Method: Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 5 readers were asked to report 59 two-view bilateral mammograms retrospectively with zooming function turned off.