Drug Calculation Errors in Anesthesiology Residents and Faculty: An Analysis of Contributing Factors.

Background: Limited data exist regarding computational drug error rates in anesthesia residents and faculty. We investigated the frequency and magnitude of computational errors in a sample of anesthesia residents and faculty.

Methods: With institutional review board approval from 7 academic institutions in the United States, a 15-question computational test was distributed during rounds.

Modelling optimum use of attractive toxic sugar bait stations for effective malaria vector control in Africa.

Background: The development of insecticide resistance and the increased outdoor-biting behaviour of malaria vectors reduce the efficiency of indoor vector control methods. Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs), a method targeting the sugar-feeding behaviours of vectors both indoors and outdoors, is a promising supplement to indoor tools. The number and configuration of these ATSB stations needed for malaria control in a community needs to be determined.

Ethnicity, Household Food Security, and Nutrition and Activity Patterns in Families With Preschool Children.

Objective: This study evaluated the relationship between food security and child nutritional intake, sedentary behavior, and body mass index (BMI) and potential moderation by ethnic subgroup membership.

Design: Cross-sectional data analysis from baseline data of a preschool intervention trial.

Setting: Twenty-eight subsidized child care centers in Miami-Dade County, FL.

A spatial individual-based model predicting a great impact of copious sugar sources and resting sites on survival of Anopheles gambiae and malaria parasite transmission.

Background: Agent-based modelling (ABM) has been used to simulate mosquito life cycles and to evaluate vector control applications. However, most models lack sugar-feeding and resting behaviours or are based on mathematical equations lacking individual level randomness and spatial components of mosquito life. Here, a spatial individual-based model (IBM) incorporating sugar-feeding and resting behaviours of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae was developed to estimate the impact of environmental sugar sources and resting sites on survival and biting behaviour.

Role modeling as an early childhood obesity prevention strategy: effect of parents and teachers on preschool children's healthy lifestyle habits.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a child care center-based parent and teacher healthy lifestyle role-modeling program on child nutrition and physical activity outcomes.

Methods: Child care centers (N = 28) serving low-income families were randomized to intervention or control arms. Intervention centers (N = 12) implemented (1) menu modifications, (2) a child's healthy lifestyle curriculum, and (3) an adult (teacher- and parent-focused) healthy lifestyle role-modeling curriculum.

Determination of the safe range of graft size mismatch using body surface area index in deceased liver transplantation.

In live donor liver transplantation, rigorous standardized criteria for matching of liver volume between donor and recipient have prevented graft loss because of size mismatch. In deceased whole liver transplantation, the safe donor-recipient size mismatch range remains unknown. We developed a multivariate survival model (generalized additive model) to estimate hazard risk of body surface area index (BSAi) for 3-year graft survival using data derived from the national registry database between 2005 and 2010.

Changes in youth cigarette use following the dismantling of an antitobacco media campaign in Florida.

We examined the association of the termination of a successful youth-targeted antitobacco media campaign ("truth") and changes in smoking rates among youths aged 12-17 years in Florida. Six telephone-based surveys were completed during the active media campaign (1998-2001), and 2 postcampaign surveys were completed in 2004 and 2006 (each n approximately 1,800). Prevalence of current smoking among youth observed during the campaign continued to decrease in the first postcampaign survey; however, by the second follow-up survey, youth smoking rates had increased significantly for youth aged 16 years or older.