Postmarketing Analysis of Misuse, Abuse, and Diversion of Xtampza ER.

Objective: To evaluate abuse, misuse, and diversion of Xtampza ER, an extended-release (ER) abuse-deterrent formulation (ADF) of oxycodone.

Methods: Abuse, misuse, and diversion of Xtampza ER were assessed using Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance (RADARS) System data sources. Xtampza ER was compared with immediate-release (IR) oxycodone, other ADF ER products combined, and non-ADF ER products combined.

A comparison of high vs standard tidal volumes in ventilator weaning for individuals with sub-acute spinal cord injuries: a site-specific randomized clinical trial.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled parallel group trial with single-blinded data analysis.

Objectives: To determine the safety and efficacy of higher (20 ml kg(-1) ideal body weight (IBW)) vs standard (10 ml kg(-1) IBW) tidal volumes (Vt) for patients with sub-acute traumatic tetraplegia during ventilator weaning using a 14-day (minimum) weaning protocol.

Setting: United States regional spinal cord injury treatment center.

Mortality following Traumatic Brain Injury among Individuals Unable to Follow Commands at the Time of Rehabilitation Admission: A National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study.

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been associated with increased mortality. This study characterizes long-term mortality, life expectancy, causes of death, and risk factors for death among patients admitted within the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) TBI Model Systems Programs (TBIMS) who lack command following at the time of admission for inpatient TBI rehabilitation. Of the 8084 persons enrolled from 1988 and 2009, 387 from 20 centers met study criteria.

Components of traumatic brain injury severity indices.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are underlying dimensions common among traditional traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity indices and, if so, the extent to which they are interchangeable when predicting short-term outcomes. This study had an observational design, and took place in United States trauma centers reporting to the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). The sample consisted of 77,470 unweighted adult cases reported to the NTDB from 2007 to 2010, with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) TBI codes.

Epidemiology of adults receiving acute inpatient rehabilitation for a primary diagnosis of traumatic brain injury in the United States.

Objective: To estimate the overall and by age-group characteristics at admission and discharge from rehabilitation between 2001 and 2010 of all late-teens and adults undergoing inpatient rehabilitation for a primary diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United States.

Design: Secondary data analysis.

Setting: Acute inpatient rehabilitation facilities.

American College of Surgeons NSQIP: quality in-training initiative pilot study.

Background: Clinical outcomes data are playing an increasingly important role in medical decision-making, reimbursement, and provider evaluation, but there are no documented programs that provide outcomes data to surgical residents as part of a structured curriculum. Our objectives were to develop a national collaborative of training programs to unify the efforts between quality and education personnel and demonstrate the feasibility of generating customized reports of patient outcomes for use in surgical education.

Study Design: The pool of potential hospitals was evaluated by comparing ACS NSQIP participants with the roster of clinical sites for general surgery residency programs maintained by FREIDA Online.

Endometrial ablation: is tubal ligation a risk factor for hysterectomy.

Study Objective: To determine whether tubal ligation is a risk factor for future hysterectomy after second-generation endometrial ablation.

Design: Retrospective chart review (Canadian Task Force classification II-3).

Setting: Resident-run clinic and private office in a community setting.

Effects of inspired oxygen concentration on ventilation, ventilatory rhythm, and gas exchange in isoflurane-anesthetized horses.

Objective: To compare the effects of 2 fractions of inspired oxygen, 50% and > 95%, on ventilation, ventilatory rhythm, and gas exchange in isoflurane-anesthetized horses.

Animals: 8 healthy adult horses.

Procedures: In a crossover study design, horses were assigned to undergo each of 2 anesthetic sessions in random order, with 1 week separating the sessions.

Outcomes of social work and case management services during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation: the SCIRehab project.

Objective: To investigate associations of social work/case management (SW/CM) services during inpatient rehabilitation following spinal cord injury (SCI) and patient characteristics with outcomes.

Design: Prospective observational cohort of individuals with SCI receiving inpatient rehabilitation.

Setting: Six inpatient rehabilitation centers.

Relationship of nursing education and care management inpatient rehabilitation interventions and patient characteristics to outcomes following spinal cord injury: the SCIRehab project.

Objective: To investigate associations of nursing bedside education and care management activities during inpatient rehabilitation with functional, participation, and quality-of-life outcomes for patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: In a prospective observational study, data were obtained by means of systematic recording of nursing activities by registered nurses (RNs), chart review and patient interview.

Results: Greater patient participation in nursing activities is associated with better outcomes.

Relationship of psychology inpatient rehabilitation services and patient characteristics to outcomes following spinal cord injury: the SCIRehab project.

Context And Objective: To evaluate the effects of psychological interventions on rehabilitation outcomes, including residence and functional status at discharge, and residence, school attendance, or employment, and physical, social, occupational, and mobility aspects of participation 1 year after spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting: Six inpatient rehabilitation facilities in the United States.

Relationship of speech-language pathology inpatient rehabilitation interventions and patient characteristics to outcomes following spinal cord injury: the SCIRehab project.

Background/objective: Describe associations of patient characteristics and speech-language pathology (SLP) interventions provided during impatient rehabilitation for spinal cord injury (SCI) to outcomes at discharge and 1-year post-injury.

Methods: Speech-language pathologists at six inpatient rehabilitation centers documented details of treatment provided. Least squares regression modeling was used to predict outcomes at discharge and 1-year injury anniversary.

Relationship of therapeutic recreation inpatient rehabilitation interventions and patient characteristics to outcomes following spinal cord injury: the SCIRehab project.

Objective: To investigate associations of therapeutic recreation (TR) interventions during inpatient rehabilitation for patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) with functional, participation, and quality of life outcomes.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, data were obtained from systematic recording of TR services by certified TR specialists, chart review, and patient interview.

Results: TR interventions, including exposure to community settings and leisure activities, add to the variance explained (in addition to the strong predictors of injury classification, admission motor Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and other patient characteristics) in outcomes at the time of rehabilitation discharge (FIM, discharge to home) and at the 1-year injury anniversary (FIM, working or being in school, residing at home, and societal participation as measured by the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART)).

Relationship of occupational therapy inpatient rehabilitation interventions and patient characteristics to outcomes following spinal cord injury: the SCIRehab project.

Background/objective: Describe associations of occupational therapy (OT) interventions delivered during inpatient spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation and patient characteristics with outcomes at the time of discharge and 1-year post-injury.

Methods: Occupational therapists at six inpatient rehabilitation centers documented detailed information about treatment provided. Least squares regression modeling was used to predict outcomes at discharge and 1-year injury anniversary for a 75% subset; models were validated with the remaining 25%.

Relationship of physical therapy inpatient rehabilitation interventions and patient characteristics to outcomes following spinal cord injury: the SCIRehab project.

Background/objective: Examine associations of type and quantity of physical therapy (PT) interventions delivered during inpatient spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation and patient characteristics with outcomes at the time of discharge and at 1 year post-injury.

Methods: Physical therapists delivering routine care documented details of PT interventions provided. Regression modeling was used to predict outcomes at discharge and 1 year post-injury for a 75% subset; models were validated with the remaining 25%.

Relationship of patient characteristics and rehabilitation services to outcomes following spinal cord injury: the SCIRehab project.

Background/objective: To examine associations of patient characteristics along with treatment quantity delivered by seven clinical disciplines during inpatient spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation with outcomes at rehabilitation discharge and 1-year post-injury.

Methods: Six inpatient SCI rehabilitation centers enrolled 1376 patients during the 5-year SCIRehab study. Clinicians delivering standard care documented details of treatment.

Life expectancy following rehabilitation: a NIDRR Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems study.

Objective: To characterize overall and cause-specific mortality and life expectancy among persons who have completed inpatient traumatic brain injury rehabilitation and to assess risk factors for mortality.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: The Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems.

Mortality after surviving traumatic brain injury: risks based on age groups.

Objective: To assess mortality, life expectancy, risk factors, and causes of death by age groups among persons who received inpatient traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: The TBI Model Systems.

Descriptive modeling of longitudinal outcome measures in traumatic brain injury: a National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems study.

Establishing accurate mathematical models of outcome measures is essential in understanding change throughout the rehabilitation process. The goal of this study is to identify the best-fitting descriptive models for a set of commonly adopted outcome measures found within the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Database where the modeling is based on data submission through 2011 and the complete range of recorded time points since injury for each individual, where time points range from admission to rehabilitation to 20 years postinjury. The statistical methodology and the application of the methodology contained herein may be used to assist researchers and clinicians in (1) modeling the outcome measures considered, (2) modeling various portions of these outcomes by stratification and/or truncating time periods, (3) modeling longitudinal outcome measures not considered, and (4) establishing models as a necessary precursor in conducting individual growth curve analysis.

An introduction to applying individual growth curve models to evaluate change in rehabilitation: a National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems report.

The abundance of time-dependent information contained in the Spinal Cord Injury and the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems National Databases, and the increased prevalence of repeated-measures designs in clinical trials highlight the need for more powerful longitudinal analytic methodologies in rehabilitation research. This article describes the particularly versatile analytic technique of individual growth curve (IGC) analysis. A defining characteristic of IGC analysis is that change in outcome such as functional recovery can be described at both the patient and group levels, such that it is possible to contrast 1 patient with other patients, subgroups of patients, or a group as a whole.

Use of neighborhood characteristics to improve prediction of psychosocial outcomes: a traumatic brain injury model systems investigation.

Objective: To determine whether use of neighborhood characteristics derived from U.S. Census Bureau information contributes to the prediction of outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) beyond the variance accounted for by individual characteristics.

Effects of tidal volume, ventilatory frequency, and oxygen insufflation flow on the fraction of inspired oxygen in cadaveric horse heads attached to a lung model.

Objective: To measure the effects of tidal volume, ventilatory frequency, and oxygen insufflation flow on the fraction of inspired oxygen in cadaveric horse heads attached to a lung model.

Sample: 8 heads of equine cadavers.

Procedures: Each cadaveric horse head was intubated with a nasotracheal tube that extended into the proximal portion of the trachea.

Timing of preoperative pharmacoprophylaxis for pancreatic surgery patients: a venous thromboembolism reduction initiative.

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a clinical problem in surgical oncology. We report the impact of preoperative initiation of subcutaneous heparin on VTE events after pancreatic surgery.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing pancreatic surgery by a single surgeon and enrolled in the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program database (FY09/10) was performed.