Association of Initial and Longitudinal Changes in C-reactive Protein With the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Mortality.

Objective: To evaluate the value of serial C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements in predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and mortality.

Methods: The analysis was performed using data from two prospective, population-based observational cohorts: the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease (PREVEND) study and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). A total of 9253 participants had CRP measurements available at two examinations (PREVEND: 1997-1998 and 2001-2002; FHS Offspring cohort: 1995-1998 and 1998-2001).

Association of Cardiometabolic Disease With Cancer in the Community.

Background: Obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction have been associated with cancer risk and severity. Underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine associations of obesity and related cardiometabolic traits with incident cancer.

Cardiovascular disease related circulating biomarkers and cancer incidence and mortality: is there an association?

Aims: Recent studies suggest an association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer incidence/mortality, but the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear. We aimed to examine biomarkers previously associated with CVD and study their association with incident cancer and cancer-related death in a prospective cohort study.

Methods And Results: We used a proteomic platform to measure 71 cardiovascular biomarkers among 5032 participants in the Framingham Heart Study who were free of cancer at baseline.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors are Associated with Future Cancer.

Background: The extent to which co-occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer is due to shared risk factors or other mechanisms is unknown.

Objectives: We investigated the association of standard CVD risk factors, CVD biomarkers, preexisting CVD, and ideal CV health metrics with the development of future cancer.

Methods: We prospectively followed Framingham Heart Study and PREVEND participants free of cancer at baseline, and ascertained histology-proven cancer.

Anthropometric measures of body fat and obesity-related cancer risk: sex-specific differences in Framingham Offspring Study adults.

Background/objective: Obesity has been associated with the risk of developing certain cancers. A limited number of studies have examined effects of various anthropometric measures of body composition on cancer risk. The aim of this study was to estimate the sex-specific effects of various anthropometric measures on risk of obesity-related cancers (ObCa).

Midlife weight gain is a risk factor for obesity-related cancer.

Background: Overweight and diabetes are known cancer risk factors. This study examines independent and combined effects of weight gain and metabolic dysfunction during middle-adult years on obesity-related cancer risk.

Methods: Subjects (n = 3850) aged 45-69 years at exams 3-5 in the Framingham Offspring Study were classified according to current and prior (~14 years earlier) weight status, interim weight change and prevalent metabolic dysfunction.

The Enrichment of Survivin in Exosomes from Breast Cancer Cells Treated with Paclitaxel Promotes Cell Survival and Chemoresistance.

The generation and release of membrane-enclosed packets from cancer cells, called extracellular vesicles (EVs), play important roles in propagating transformed phenotypes, including promoting cell survival. EVs mediate their effects by transferring their contents, which include specific proteins and nucleic acids, to target cells. However, how the cargo and function of EVs change in response to different stimuli remains unclear.

Microvesicle Cargo and Function Changes upon Induction of Cellular Transformation.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles (MVs), have emerged as a major form of intercellular communication, playing important roles in several physiological processes and diseases, including cancer. EVs generated by cancer cells contain a variety of proteins and RNA species that can be transferred between cancer cells as well as between cancer and non-transformed (normal) cells, thereby impacting a number of aspects of cancer progression. Here we show how oncogenic transformation influences the biogenesis and function of EVs using a mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell line that can be induced to express an oncogenic form of diffuse B cell lymphoma (Dbl).

Fat quality and incident cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and cancer mortality.

Context: Cellular characteristics of fat quality have been associated with cardiometabolic risk and can be estimated by computed tomography (CT) attenuation.

Objective: The aim was to determine the association between CT attenuation (measured in Hounsfield units [HU]) and clinical outcomes.

Methods: This was a prospective community-based cohort study using data from the Framingham Heart Study (n = 3324, 48% women, mean age 51 years) and Cox proportional hazard models.

Metabolic health reduces risk of obesity-related cancer in framingham study adults.

Background: It is unknown whether the risk for obesity-related cancers differs between metabolically unhealthy and healthy overweight/obese adults.

Methods: Data on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and random blood glucose in Framingham Heart Study adults (n = 3,763) ages 55 to 69 years were used to estimate risks of obesity-related cancers (n = 385), including postmenopausal breast, female reproductive, colon, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and kidney cancers, as well as esophageal adenocarcinomas. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate risk for obesity-related cancers associated with body fat and metabolic health (as defined by glucose levels) among subjects in three risk groups (vs.

Body fat distribution, incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether ectopic fat depots are prospectively associated with cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality.

Background: The morbidity associated with excess body weight varies among individuals of similar body mass index. Ectopic fat depots may underlie this risk differential.

Inverse association between cancer and Alzheimer's disease: results from the Framingham Heart Study.

Objectives: To relate cancer since entry into the Framingham Heart Study with the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease and to estimate the risk of incident cancer among participants with and without Alzheimer's disease.

Design: Community based prospective cohort study; nested age and sex matched case-control study.

Setting: Framingham Heart Study, USA.

Micro RNA responses to chronic or acute exposures to low dose ionizing radiation.

Human health risks of exposure to low dose ionizing radiation remain ambiguous and are the subject of intense debate. A wide variety of biological effects are induced after cellular exposure to ionizing radiation, but the underlying molecular mechanism(s) remain to be completely understood. We hypothesized that low dose γ-radiation-induced effects are controlled by the modulation of micro RNA (miRNA) that participate in the control of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and are involved in many cellular processes.

α-catenin is a tumor suppressor that controls cell accumulation by regulating the localization and activity of the transcriptional coactivator Yap1.

The Hippo pathway regulates contact inhibition of cell proliferation and, ultimately, organ size in diverse multicellular organisms. Inactivation of the Hippo pathway promotes nuclear localization of the transcriptional coactivator Yap1, a Hippo pathway effector, and can cause cancer. Here, we show that deletion of αE (α epithelial) catenin in the hair follicle stem cell compartment resulted in the development of skin squamous cell carcinoma in mice.

Transcriptional modulation of micro-RNA in human cells differing in radiation sensitivity.

Purpose: The molecular basis of gene regulation in cells exposed to ionising radiation is not fully understood. Gene regulation occurs at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Recent studies have suggested that micro-RNA (miRNA) plays a significant role at the post-transcriptional gene regulation.

A genome-wide association study of breast and prostate cancer in the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study.

Background: Breast and prostate cancer are two commonly diagnosed cancers in the United States. Prior work suggests that cancer causing genes and cancer susceptibility genes can be identified.

Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study (Affymetrix 100K SNP GeneChip) of cancer in the community-based Framingham Heart Study.

Weight change and the risk of late-onset breast cancer in the original Framingham cohort.

Objective: Adult weight gain has been associated with a twofold risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Data are limited regarding whether weight gain at specific periods of marked changes in estrogen- and insulin-related hormones have different risk associations. This study assesses the relation of adult weight change overall and at specific, hormonally relevant times with diagnosis of a first breast cancer after age 55 (late onset).

Alcohol consumption and the risk of bladder cancer in the Framingham Heart Study.

The association between alcohol consumption and bladder cancer is controversial. We used data from 10,125 participants in the Framingham Heart Study to assess the association between total and beverage-specific alcohol consumption and the risk of bladder cancer. For each case of bladder cancer, up to five control subjects were selected and matched on major confounders using a risk set method.

BMI and waist circumference as predictors of lifetime colon cancer risk in Framingham Study adults.

Background: It is unclear whether the increased risk of colon cancer associated with obesity differs for men and women, by distribution of body fat, or by location of the tumor. The primary goal of this study was to address these questions.

Methods: Eligible subjects from the Framingham Study cohort were classified according to body mass index (BMI) and waist size during two age periods: 30-54 y (n=3764) and 55-79 y (n=3802).

Bone mass and the risk of prostate cancer: the Framingham Study.

Purpose: To examine the relation of bone mass-a potential biologic marker for cumulative exposure to androgens, insulin-like growth factors, and calcium intake-to subsequent development of prostate cancer.

Methods: We used radiogrammetry to measure the second metacarpal cortical area of 1012 white men with no history of prostate cancer who had undergone posteroanterior hand radiography between 1967 and 1970. Participants were followed until the end of 1999.

Alcohol consumption and risk of lung cancer: the Framingham Study.

Background: Reports on the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of lung cancer have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to assess this association in a cohort study.

Methods: This study included 4265 participants in the original population-based Framingham Study cohort and 4973 subjects in the offspring cohort.

Does more "appropriateness" explain higher rates of cardiac procedures among patients hospitalized with coronary heart disease?

Background: There have been few studies of the extent to which differences in the pool of patients being managed might account for geographic variations in treatment rates.

Objective: For two cardiac procedures, cardiac catheterization and revascularization, we evaluate the hypothesis that differences in "the percentage of patients for whom the procedure is appropriate" is a factor explaining variations in use rates among those hospitalized with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Research Design: Based on hospital utilization patterns in Massachusetts in 1990, we created 70 small geographic areas.

Family breast cancer history and mammography: Framingham Offspring Study.

The authors examined mammography use according to family cancer history and identified predictors of recent use ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF