Severity of Clinical Mastitis and Bacterial Shedding.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate associated factors of the severity of clinical mastitis (CM). Milk samples of 249 cases of CM were microbiologically examined, of which 27.2% were mild, 38.

Bacteremia in Severe Mastitis of Dairy Cows.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the occurrence of bacteremia in severe mastitis cases of dairy cows. Milk and corresponding blood samples of 77 cases of severe mastitis were bacteriologically examined. All samples (milk and blood) were incubated aerobically and anaerobically to also investigate the role of obligate anaerobic microorganisms in addition to aerobic microorganisms in severe mastitis.

Cm-p5 Peptide Dimers Inhibit Biofilms of Clinical Isolates, and Fluconazole-Resistant Mutants of .

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a promising class of therapeutic biomolecules that show antimicrobial activity against a broad range of microorganisms, including life-threatening pathogens. In contrast to classic AMPs with membrane-disrupting activities, new peptides with a specific anti-biofilm effect are gaining in importance since biofilms could be the most important way of life, especially for pathogens, as the interaction with host tissues is crucial for the full development of their virulence in the event of infection. Therefore, in a previous study, two synthetic dimeric derivatives (parallel Dimer 1 and antiparallel Dimer 2) of the AMP Cm-p5 showed specific inhibition of the formation of biofilms.

Increased Activities against Biofilms of the Pathogenic Yeast of Optimized Pom-1 Derivatives.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an alternative group for the therapy of infectious diseases, with activity against a wide range of diverse pathogens. However, classical AMPs have significant side effects in human cells due to their unspecific pore formation in biomembranes. Nevertheless, AMPs are promising therapeutics and can be isolated from natural sources, which include sea and freshwater molluscs.

Gender comparison of clinical, histopathological, therapeutic and outcome factors in 185,967 colon cancer patients.

Introduction: Colorectal carcinomas represent the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths in Germany. Although the incidence is significantly higher in men compared with women and gender is a well-established crucial factor for outcome in other diseases, detailed gender comparisons for colon cancer are lacking.

Methods: This retrospective population-based cohort study included all patients diagnosed with colon cancer in Germany between 2000 and 2016 who were included in the common dataset of colorectal cancer patients from the quality conference of the German Cancer Society.

Development of Secondary Choroidal Neovascularization in Focal Choroidal Excavation of Punctate Inner Choroidopathy.

To elaborate a case of focal choroidal excavation (FCE) in punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) complicated by secondary choroidal neovascularization (CNV) based on multimodal imaging findings. In this retrospective case report, multimodal imaging including near-infrared reflectance, blue peak autofluorescence, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography (Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Germany), and swept source-OCT angiography (SS-OCTA; Topcon Corporation, Japan) was performed. A 27-year-old moderate myopic woman presented with inactive CNV of unknown origin in her left eye, which had been previously treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor.

DETECTION OF TREATMENT-NAIVE CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION BY SWEPT SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To compare the detection rate of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in treatment-naive neovascular age-related macular degeneration by swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA, Topcon's DRI Triton) working at 1,050 nm wavelength versus fluorescence angiography.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 156 eyes (107 neovascular age-related macular degeneration and 49 dry AMD) in 98 patients, previously diagnosed by multimodal imaging using fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (Heidelberg's Spectralis) in a tertiary retina center, evaluated by SS-OCTA 4.5 mm × 4.

OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FOR THE DETECTION OF SECONDARY CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN VITELLIFORM MACULAR DYSTROPHY.

Purpose: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is used to assess vascular abnormality in advanced stage vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD2).

Methods: Multimodal imaging including spectral domain (SD) OCT, autofluorescence (AF), fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) as well as optical coherence tomography angiography were performed.

Patients: Two eyes in one young patient with diagnosed vitelliform macular dystrophy were investigated for progressive visual dysfunction.

STELLATE NONHEREDITARY IDIOPATHIC FOVEOMACULAR RETINOSCHISIS ACCOMPANIED BY CONTRALATERAL PERIPHERAL RETINOSCHISIS.

Purpose: To present a patient with stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis on one eye and peripheral retinoschisis without foveal affection on the other eye.

Methods: A case report with complete workup of family history and clinical examination, including multimodal imaging with optical coherence tomography and angiography, fluorescein angiography, and infrared fundus imaging. Genetic testing for gene mutation XRLS1 was performed.

Gender Mainstreaming and Transplant Surgery.

Background: Gender differences in medicine are gaining in importance. In transplant surgery, not only the patient's gender but also that of the donor play an important role in the outcome of transplantation due to sociocultural and genetic factors.

Methods: This review article gives an overview of the latest investigations into gender-related influences in the field of visceral transplantation.

Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor combined with half-fluence photodynamic therapy for choroidal neovascularization in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

PurposeTo evaluate the results of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA)-guided verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) with half-fluence rate combined with intravitreal application of anti-VEGF in treating choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).Patients and methodsIn this retrospective cohort study 17 consecutive patients with secondary CNV due to chronic CSCR had their diagnosis verified with fluorescein angiography (FA) and ICGA at baseline. All eyes received either intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) or bevacizumab (IVB).

COMPARISON OF FLUOROSCOPY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR TRACHEAL LUMEN DIAMETER MEASUREMENT AND DETERMINATION OF INTRALUMINAL STENT SIZE IN HEALTHY DOGS.

Tracheal collapse is a progressive airway disease that can ultimately result in complete airway obstruction. Intraluminal tracheal stents are a minimally invasive and viable treatment for tracheal collapse once the disease becomes refractory to medical management. Intraluminal stent size is chosen based on the maximum measured tracheal diameter during maximum inflation.

Self-Organized Stationary States of Tokamaks.

We demonstrate that in a 3D resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulation, for some parameters it is possible to form a stationary state in a tokamak where a saturated interchange mode in the center of the discharge drives a near helical flow pattern that acts to nonlinearly sustain the configuration by adjusting the central loop voltage through a dynamo action. This could explain the physical mechanism for maintaining stationary nonsawtoothing "hybrid" discharges, often referred to as "flux pumping."

Effect of photodynamic therapy on short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence in eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate short-wavelength FAF as a parameter of retinal pigment epithelium function in eyes with acute symptomatic central serous chorioretinopathy after indocyanine green angiography-guided verteporfin photodynamic therapy with half-fluence rate.

Methods: A retrospective review over a period of 1 year of short-wavelength FAF images of 15 consecutive patients treated with half-fluence rate (25 J/cm) indocyanine green angiography-guided verteporfin photodynamic therapy due to acute symptomatic central serous chorioretinopathy was performed. Short-wavelength (488 nm) FAF gray values were evaluated with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope at a 350-μm diameter and a 1,200-μm diameter circle centered on the fovea.

Choroidal Haller's and Sattler's layer thickness measurement using 3-dimensional 1060-nm optical coherence tomography.

Objectives: To examine the feasibility of automatically segmented choroidal vessels in three-dimensional (3D) 1060-nmOCT by testing repeatability in healthy and AMD eyes and by mapping Haller's and Sattler's layer thickness in healthy eyes.

Methods: Fifty-five eyes (from 45 healthy subjects and 10 with non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) subjects) were imaged by 3D-1060-nmOCT over a 36°x36° field of view. Haller's and Sattler's layer were automatically segmented, mapped and averaged across the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid.

Short- and long-term outcome of dogs following surgical correction of a persistent right aortic arch.

This study reports the survival to discharge, postdischarge survival, and long-term outcome of dogs following surgical correction of a persistent right aortic arch (PRAA). Information for 52 dogs, 28 dogs, and 23 dogs was available for analysis of survival to discharge, postdischarge survival, and long-term outcome, respectively. Ninety-two percent of dogs survived to the time of discharge and 18% of dogs surviving to discharge were euthanized within 2 mo of surgery.

Non-responders to treatment with antagonists of vascular endothelial growth factor in age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Most of the publications on modern therapy of neovascular age-related macular degeneration focus on the effect of the treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of non-responders to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment and find possible reasons for their failure to respond.

Methods: The records of patients treated until the end of 2008 the first time with either bevacizumab or ranibizumab were reviewed.

Half-fluence photodynamic therapy in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the results of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA)-guided verteporfin (Visudyne®; Novartis Pharma, Switzerland) photodynamic therapy (PDT) with half-fluence rate in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 20 eyes of 19 consecutive patients with subfoveal fluid cause by chronic central serous chorioretinopathy with choroidal hyperpermeability on ICGA and symptoms of at least 6 months. ICGA-guided verteporfin (6 mg/m) PDT with half-fluence rate (25 J/cm) was performed.

A randomised double-masked trial comparing the visual outcome after treatment with ranibizumab or bevacizumab in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Aim: The current accepted standard treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) consists of antivascular endothelial growth factor agents including ranibizumab and bevacizumab. The aim of the study was to examine whether bevacizumab is inferior to ranibizumab with respect to maintaining/improving visual acuity.

Methods: In this prospective randomised parallel group multicentre trial patients aged more than 50 years with treatment naive nAMD were included at 10 Austrian centres.

Comparison of Ranibizumab monotherapy versus combination of Ranibizumab with photodynamic therapy with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Modern therapy of neovascular age-related macular degeneration consists in intravitreal injections of inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor. An increasing number of these injections is required not only in monthly but also in as-needed treatment regimen. In this study, it should be examined whether an additional administered photodynamic therapy (PDT) can considerably reduce the number of injection.

A prospective, randomised, multicenter trial for surgical treatment of central retinal vein occlusion: results of the Radial Optic Neurotomy for Central Vein Occlusion (ROVO) study group.

Background: To compare the surgical outcomes and evaluate the effectiveness of two treatments for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), radial optic neurotomy (RON) and intravitreal triamcinolone (IVT), in comparison to natural history.

Methods: A prospective, placebo-controlled, randomised and multi-center study. Patients with CRVO were treated in three groups - with either RON, a single intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide, or a placebo treatment.

The effect of photodynamic therapy on macular sensitivity in eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy.

Background: To evaluate the effect of half-fluence rate indocyanine green angiography (ICGA)-guided verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) on macular sensitivity (MS) in eyes with acute symptomatic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: Single-center consecutive case series by retrospective chart review. Sixteen eyes of 16 patients with acute CSC of 3 months duration or less, treated with half-fluence (25 mJ/cm(2)) ICGA-guided verteporfin PDT were reviewed.

Half-fluence photodynamic therapy in acute central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the results of indocyanine green angiography-guided verteporfin (Visudyne; Novartis Pharma AG, Switzerland) photodynamic therapy with half-fluence rate in the treatment of acute symptomatic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods: A retrospective review over 12 months was performed of 19 consecutive patients with subfoveal fluid because of acute symptomatic central serous chorioretinopathy proved by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography, treated with indocyanine green angiography-guided verteporfin (6 mg/m) photodynamic therapy with half-fluence rate (25 J/cm). Acute symptomatic central serous chorioretinopathy was defined as first episode of symptoms and duration of symptoms before treatment of ≤12 weeks.