Evaluation of novel serological markers and autoantibodies in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: The use of serological markers to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans is well-established. Because of the frequency of IBD in dogs and resources required for its diagnosis with current methods, new approaches are desired.

Objective: The goal is to evaluate novel serologic markers to differentiate clinical cohorts in dogs with gastrointestinal (GI) disease and assess their potential to develop a serum-based IBD diagnostic test.

Use of an amphotericin B lipid complex for treatment of blastomycosis in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate efficacy and nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B lipid complex used for treatment of dogs with naturally developing blastomycosis.

Design: Prospective clinical trial.

Animals: 11 dogs with blastomycosis.

Managing gastrointestinal complications of uremia.

Dogs and cats with uremia may display abnormalities of essentially all parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Abnormalities may be mild or severe. They may result from inflammation, edema, erosions, ulceration, and/or necrosis.

Quantitative renal scintigraphic determination of effective renal plasma flow in dogs with normal and abnormal renal function, using 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine.

Effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) was evaluated, using the measurement of p-aminohippurate clearance (CLPAH) and quantitative renal scintigraphy (QRS) with 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc-MAG3). The CLPAH and QRS determinations were made in 6 dogs: 2 determinations for each dog before, and 1 determination after induction of renal failure by administration of amphotericin B. Least-squares regression analysis was used to derive an equation to estimate ERPF from QRS data.

Evaluation of the single-injection plasma disappearance of technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine method for determination of effective renal plasma flow in dogs with normal or abnormal renal function.

Effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) was evaluated, using continuous-infusion p-aminohippurate clearance (CLPAH) and single-injection plasma clearance of technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc-MAG3; CLMAG3) methods. Simultaneous clearance determinations were made in 6 dogs: 2 determinations for each dog before, and 1 determination after renal failure was induced by administration of amphotericin B. Linear regression analysis was used to derive an equation to estimate ERPF from CLMAG3 after the single IV injection.

Systemic toxicity associated with doxorubicin administration in cats.

The systemic toxicity of doxorubicin, 30 mg/m2 body surface area (BSA) every 21 days to a cumulative dose of 300 mg/m2, was evaluated in six cats. Appetite, body weight, and the presence of vomiting and/or diarrhea were monitored throughout the study. Renal function was monitored by measuring serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations, urine specific gravity, and creatinine clearance before each treatment.

Canine IgA glomerulonephropathy.

Three young intact male dogs housed together in a canine blood donor facility developed immune complex glomerulonephropathy within 2 years of each other. All three had membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with varying clinical presentation and progression. Two dogs had subendothelial, and one dog subepithelial, electron microscopic dense deposits.

Quantitative renal scintigraphic determination of the glomerular filtration rate in cats with normal and abnormal kidney function, using 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.

The nuclear imaging technique known as quantitative renal scintigraphy was validated as a means to assess the kidney function of cats. Renal function tests were performed in 6 healthy cats and 3 cats with clinical manifestations of kidney failure. In addition, the nephrotoxic drugs, gentamicin sulfate, or amphotericin B were used in an attempt to induce renal failure in 4 cats.

Study of prostatic disease in dogs: 177 cases (1981-1986).

Historical and physical signs associated with prostatic disease diagnosed in dogs over a 5.5-year period were defined. One hundred seventy-seven male dogs were determined to have prostatic abnormality.

Development of monoclonal antibodies against canine glomerular antigens.

Monoclonal antibody producing hybridomas were developed by fusing spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized against canine glomeruli with SP2 myeloma cells. Monoclonal antibody reactivity was tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay on various normal canine tissues and canine kidney affected with glomerulonephritis. Two of the hybridomas developed (3H2 and 3A5) reacted with glomeruli and not with renal tubules.

Nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B in dogs: a comparison of two methods of administration.

Two methods of administration of amphotericin B were compared for their ability to produce nephrotoxicity in 12 dogs. Six dogs received six alternate day doses of amphotericin B: 1 mg/kg administered as a rapid bolus in 25 mL 5% dextrose in water. Another six dogs received alternate day treatments of the same dose of amphotericin B in 1 L 5% dextrose in water over 5 h.

Urologic disorders of the geriatric dog.

Disorders of the urinary system are common in geriatric dogs. Common urinary disorders that are seen in older dogs include chronic renal failure, urinary incontinence, bladder tumors, and prostate problems. Therapy for chronic renal failure is aimed at both slowing the progression of the disease and ameliorating the signs of uremia.

Evaluation of a short-term saline diuresis protocol for the administration of cisplatin.

A study was undertaken to determine the toxic effects of cisplatin, an antineoplastic agent, on canine kidneys and bone marrow when administered during a 6-hour saline diuresis. Cisplatin (70 mg/m2 of body surface) was administered IV to 6 healthy dogs over a 20-minute period after 0.9% NaCl solution (saline) was administered IV for 4 hours at a rate of 18.

Use of 99mTc diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid for assessment of renal function in dogs with suspected renal disease.

The effectiveness of technetium 99m-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc DTPA) to assess renal function in 13 dogs with suspected renal disease was evaluated. Glomerular filtration rates (actual GFR) were determined on the basis of endogenous creatinine clearance. Predicted GFR were determined by using 99mTc DTPA within 72 hours after the determination of creatinine clearance.

Evaluation of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid nuclear imaging for quantitative determination of the glomerular filtration rate of dogs.

The suitability of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) as an agent to assess glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs was evaluated. Glomerular filtration rates of 12 healthy dogs were determined on the basis of creatinine and/or inulin clearance. Glomerular filtration rates also were determined in 7 dogs after induction of acute renal failure by administration of amphotericin B.

The effect of general anesthesia on canine lymphocyte function.

The in vitro response of canine peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogenic stimulation was evaluated following general anesthesia for a relatively minor diagnostic procedure. A marked suppression in the blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A was observed 4 hours postinduction which persisted through the first 24 hours and was normal by 4 days. A mild suppression to stimulation with pokeweed mitogen was observed at 4 hours postinduction but the response was back to normal by 24 hours.

Effect of acetohydroxamic acid on prevention of canine struvite uroliths.

Long-term administration of acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) to dogs with experimentally induced urease-positive staphylococcal urinary tract infections, and bladder zinc disk foreign bodies inhibited urolith growth in 2 dogs and prevented urolith growth in 4 dogs. Inhibition and prevention of urolith growth were associated with reduction in urine urease activity, crystalluria, pyuria, hematuria, and proteinuria. Lesions in the urinary tract of AHA-treated dogs were less severe than those of infected control dogs.

Effect of acetohydroxamic acid on dissolution of canine struvite uroliths.

Long-term administration of acetohydroxamic acid to dogs with experimentally induced urease-positive staphylococcal urinary tract infections and struvite urolithiasis resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of urolith growth or urolith dissolution. Inhibition of urolith growth was associated with drug dose-dependent reduction of urine urease activity, urine pH, crystalluria, pyuria, hematuria, and proteinuria. Lesions of the urinary tract of dogs treated with acetohydroxamic acid were less severe than those of control dogs.

Development and characterization of a monoclonal antibody (Aby 6C6) that distinguishes medullary from cortical thymocytes.

A hybridoma (6C6) producing antibodies with specificities to canine thymocyte surface antigens was produced using standard fusion techniques. The Aby 6C6 has affinity for medullary thymocytes, bone marrow cells, T- and B-peripheral lymphocytes, and monocytes. The Aby 6C6 appears to have 2 heavy chains with different molecular weights, an isoelectric focusing pattern consistent with monoclonality, and is an immunoglobulin G2b antibody with a kappa light chain.

Development and characterization of a hybridoma-derived antibody (Aby 1A1) with specificity to canine thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes.

A hybridoma (1A1)-producing antibody with reactivity to canine T-lymphocyte surface antigens was produced, using standard fusion techniques. Antibody secreted from this hybridoma was tested for specific anti-canine lymphocyte activity, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an indirect-fluorescent antibody assay, and cytotoxicity assay. Antibody 1A1 reacted with canine T lymphocytes, but not with B lymphocytes, and with brain tissue and connective tissue.

Canine struvite urolithiasis: problems and their dissolution.

Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) uroliths are found more frequently in the urinary tracts, of dogs than are other types of uroliths. Infection of the urinary tract with urease-producing bacteria, especially staphylococci, plays an important role in urolith formation. An inherited predisposition to urinary tract infection may be associated with the high rat of occurrence of struvite uroliths in some dogs.

A comparative study of allergic and primary irritant contact dermatitis with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in dogs.

Attempts were made to induce allergic contact dermatitis in dogs, a species generally considered poorly responsive to experimental allergic contact dermatitis. Yound Beagles were sensitized to 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) by multiple intradermal injections. Two weeks after sensitization, these dogs were challenged topically with 0.