Flip-the-tip: automated patch clamping based on glass electrodes.

A conventional borosilicate glass patch pipette is glued into a plastic jacket, forming the entity of a FlipTip. One or two three-channel modules of recording tip sockets are mounted on a liquid handler platform to take up FlipTips. The tip sockets are connected to preamplifiers (HEKA) and to a suction system.

Long-chain acyl-CoA esters and phosphatidylinositol phosphates modulate ATP inhibition of KATP channels by the same mechanism.

Phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs, e.g. PIP2) and long-chain acyl-CoA esters (e.

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) modulation of ATP and pH sensitivity in Kir channels. A tale of an active and a silent PIP2 site in the N terminus.

Phosphatidylinositol polyphosphates (PIPs) are potent modulators of Kir channels. Previous studies have implicated basic residues in the C terminus of Kir6.2 channels as interaction sites for the PIPs.

[Open surgical procedures in calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder - concomitant pathologies affect clinical outcome].

Aim Of The Study: Open surgical removal of calcifications in chronic courses of calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder can be combined with acromioplasty. Independent of the surgical procedure not all patients achieve satisfactory surgical results. The aim of the study was to investigate whether preoperatively known epidemiologic, social, clinical and radiologic factors or intraoperative findings might influence the therapeutic outcome.

Phospholipids as modulators of K(ATP) channels: distinct mechanisms for control of sensitivity to sulphonylureas, K(+) channel openers, and ATP.

Recent work has established membrane phospholipids such as phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) as potent regulators of K(ATP) channels controlling open probability and ATP sensitivity. We here investigated the effects of phospholipids on the pharmacological properties of cardiac type K(ATP) (Kir6.2/SUR2A) channels.

PIP2 and PIP as determinants for ATP inhibition of KATP channels.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple electrical activity to cellular metabolism through their inhibition by intracellular ATP. ATP inhibition of KATP channels varies among tissues and is affected by the metabolic and regulatory state of individual cells, suggesting involvement of endogenous factors. It is reported here that phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PIP) controlled ATP inhibition of cloned KATP channels (Kir6.

[Travel as a stabilizing factor in folie a deux?].

Case report on a folie à deux (double insanity) in a relatively young, married couple who decompensated psychologically subsequent to the failure of different compensation mechanisms after premorbid strange behaviour and jointly developed delusions of ugliness and of injury. The history of the disease pattern of "folie à deux", or double insanity, is described, as well as the present-day definitions, and the case report is set against this background.