Association of vaccine intention against COVID-19 using the 5C Scale and its constructs: a Pima County, Arizona cross-sectional survey.

Background: Vaccine hesitancy has been ranked as one of the top 10 threats to global health by the World Health Organization. The 5C model (Confidence, Calculation of risk, Complacency, Collective Responsibility, and Constraints) and an accompanying tool to measure vaccine hesitancy, summarize several significant explanatory variables, and move beyond the most common explanatory variable, Confidence.

Methods: From January to May 2021, we administered a cross-sectional survey among adults in Pima County, Arizona in collaboration with the local health department to assess psychological antecedents to (.

Establishing trust with children.

Trust forms the bedrock of the doctor-patient relationship. While establishing trust is a foundational skill for healthcare providers who care for children, there is no systematic approach to teaching this skill set, nor is there formal training during medical school or residency. Traditionally, these skills have been taught by example, in an unstructured and ad hoc manner, with trainees picking it up along the way by observing and modeling their instructors.

Effectiveness of pharmacological procedural sedation in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: Management of primary healthcare and routine minor procedures for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be challenging; therefore, when behavioural strategies fail, sedative medications are often employed. We evaluated the effectiveness of the current pharmacological strategies for managing children with ASD.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current approaches for procedural sedation in children with ASD.

Preprocedural Oxygenation and Procedural Oxygenation During Pediatric Procedural Sedation: Patterns of Use and Association With Interventions.

Study Objective: Preprocedural oxygenation (pre-emptive oxygenation started during presedation and/or induction) and procedural oxygenation (pre-emptive oxygenation started during any phase of sedation) are easy-to-use strategies with potential to decrease adverse events. Here, we describe practice patterns of preprocedural oxygenation and procedural oxygenation. We hypothesized that patients who received preprocedural oxygenation or procedural oxygenation would have a lower risk of airway/breathing/circulation interventions during sedation compared with patients without procedural oxygenation.

To Calm and to Commend: Veterans' Musical Preferences Anticipating End of Life.

Introduction: Since World War 1, physicians have noted the calming effects of music for military personnel experiencing "shell shock," Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), or stress. Researchers have documented that stress or PTSD-like symptoms re-emerge for veterans at the end of life, triggered by hospital-like settings, co-occurring conditions, and debilitation. Dying veterans also face integration of their service and combat experiences into summations of their lives.

Low-Order Mechanistic Models for Volumetric and Temporal Capnography: Development, Validation, and Application.

Objective: Develop low-order mechanistic models accounting quantitatively for, and identifiable from, the capnogram - the CO concentration in exhaled breath, recorded over time (Tcap) or exhaled volume (Vcap).

Methods: The airflow model's single "alveolar" compartment has compliance and inertance, and feeds a resistive unperfused airway comprising a laminar-flow region followed by a turbulent-mixing region. The gas-mixing model tracks mixing-region CO concentration, fitted breath-by-breath to the measured capnogram, yielding estimates of model parameters that characterize the capnogram.

Racial/ethnic disparities in influenza risk perception and vaccination intention among Pima County residents in Arizona.

While influenza cases in Arizona have nearly tripled since 2018, vaccination rates continue to lag. Statewide, Hispanics and African Americans had the lowest vaccination rates despite having higher influenza infection rates than Whites. Given Arizona's racial influenza vaccination disparity and the general increase in vaccination hesitancy due to COVID-19, the purpose of this study was to better understand the influences of seasonal influenza vaccination in Arizona during the COVID-19 pandemic using qualitative methods.

Predictors of Laryngospasm During 276,832 Episodes of Pediatric Procedural Sedation.

Study Objective: Laryngospasm is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of sedation. The objective of this study was to perform a predictor analysis of biologically plausible predictors and the interventions and outcomes associated with laryngospasm.

Methods: Secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from consecutively sedated patients, less than or equal to 22 years of age, at multiple locations at 64 member institutions of the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium.

Dual-energy CT based monitoring of treatment-induced bone marrow changes in lung cancer patients: preliminary results.

Background: Systemic lung cancer treatment-induced changes in bone marrow attenuation assessed via dual-energy CT-based virtual non-calcium (VNCa) imaging of the axial skeleton and their relationship to hematological laboratory have not yet been investigated.

Methods: VNCa bone marrow images of the axial skeleton derived from 93 unenhanced reduced dose dual-energy CTs of the thorax and abdomen of 31 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Each patient had received one pre-therapy baseline exam and two consecutive follow-up exams (FU1 and FU2) at a mean of 7.

Modulation of Human Intraocular Pressure Using a Pneumatic System.

Purpose: To technically validate a novel pneumatically based system and method for modulation of intraocular pressure (IOP) and to test its application in the human eye. Special attention was paid to the applicability of the pneumatically driven balloon, which realizes the modulation of the IOP through its contact with the conjunctiva.

Methods: A force sensor as key component of a customized measurement setup was used to check the applied pressure through the balloon.

A Stepwise Guide to Performing Shoulder Ultrasound: The Acromio-Clavicular Joint, Biceps, Subscapularis, Impingement, Supraspinatus Protocol.

Shoulder pain is a common and painful patient condition. Unfortunately, diagnostic imaging of shoulder pain in the emergency department (ED) is often limited to radiography. While diagnostic for fractures and dislocations, drawbacks of radiography include time delays and non-diagnostic imaging in the case of rotator cuff pathology.

Quantifying the bone marrow composition of the healthy adult wrist with dual-energy CT.

Purpose: Purpose of this study was to investigate Dual-energy CT (DECT) derived virtual non-calcium (VNCa) values for absolute quantification of the bone marrow composition in the wrist.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively included consecutive adult participants and examined their wrists with DECT. Ranges of VNCa and calcium values were measured in the carpal bones, radius and ulna using a semi-automatic method.

Dual-Energy CT-Based Bone Marrow Imaging in Multiple Myeloma: Assessment of Focal Lesions in Relation to Disease Status and MRI Findings.

Rationale And Objectives: To assess focal multiple myeloma bone lesions via dual-energy CT-based virtual noncalcium (VNCa) bone marrow imaging in relation to the overall hematological disease status and MRI findings.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 103 focal osteolytic lesions of the axial skeleton in VNCa bone marrow images of 32 patients. Region of interest-based attenuation measurements were correlated with T1w signal intensity and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).

Pediatric procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department: surveying the current European practice.

Procedural sedation and analgesia outside the operating theater have become standard care in managing pain and anxiety in children undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The objectives of this study are to describe the current pediatric procedural sedation and analgesia practice patterns in European emergency departments, to perform a needs assessment-like analysis, and to identify barriers to implementation. A survey study of European emergency departments treating children was conducted.

Low-dose dual-energy CT for stone characterization: a systematic comparison of two generations of split-filter single-source and dual-source dual-energy CT.

Purpose: To compare noise texture and accuracy to differentiate uric acid from non-uric acid urinary stones among four different single-source and dual-source DECT approaches in an ex vivo phantom study.

Methods: Thirty-two urinary stones embedded in gelatin were mounted on a Styrofoam disk and placed into a water-filled phantom. The phantom was imaged using four different DECT approaches: (A) dual-source DECT (DS-DE); (B) 1st generation split-filter single-source DECT (SF1-TB); (C) 2nd generation split-filter single-source DECT (SF2-TB) and (D) 2nd generation split-filter single-source DECT using serial acquisitions (SF2-TS).

A Pilot Study of Nonpharmacological Interventions for Hospice Patients With Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia.

Agitation is a common, treatable symptom that profoundly impacts quality of life and exacerbates caregiver fatigue in the hospice setting for patients with dementia. The objective of this study was to analyze the efficacy of tailored nonpharmacological interventions for mitigation of unwanted behaviors in the population of patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia while receiving hospice care. The 4-domain Pittsburgh Agitation Scale (PAS; Motor, Verbal, Aggressive, Resistance to Care) was used for multiple baseline and posttest measurements of agitation.

Dual-energy CT angiography in suspected pulmonary embolism: influence of injection protocols on image quality and perfused blood volume.

To compare intravenous contrast material (CM) injection protocols for dual-energy CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in patients with suspected acute pulmonary embolism with regard to image quality and pulmonary perfused blood volume (PBV) values. A total of 198 studies performed with four CM injection protocols varying in CM volume and iodine delivery rates (IDR) were retrospectively included: (A) 60 ml at 5 ml/s (IDR = 1.75gI/s), (B) 50 ml at 5 ml/s (IDR = 1.

The development of a Consensus Conference on Pediatric Procedural Sedation in the Emergency Department in Italy: from here where to?

Background: In Italy, as in many European countries, Pediatric Emergency Medicine is not formally recognized as a pediatric subspecialty, hindering nation-wide adoption of standards of care, especially in the field of procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in the Emergency Department (ED). For this reason PSA in Italy is mostly neglected or performed very heterogeneously and by different providers, with no reference standard. We aimed to describe the procedures and results of the first multidisciplinary and multi-professional Consensus Conference in Italy on safe and effective pediatric PSA in Italian EDs.

Does Point-of-Care Gastric Ultrasound Correlate With Reported Fasting Time?

Objective: Traditionally, patient-reported fasting time has been the primary objective presedation measure of aspiration risk. Recently, gastric ultrasound has been used to assess gastric volume for the determination of aspiration risk in patients undergoing anesthesia in the operative setting. We sought to determine the correlation of gastric volume estimated by point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to reported fasting time.