Distinct dysregulated pathways in sporadic and Lynch syndrome-associated colorectal cancer offer insights for targeted treatment.

Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary disorder that increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) due to constitutional pathogenic variants in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. When coupled with somatic mutations in the same gene, MMR deficiency occurs. However, the mechanisms driving cancer development remain unclear.

Investigating Major Sources of Methane Emissions at US Landfills.

Airborne remote sensing observations were collected at 217 landfills across 17 states in the US in 2023. We used these observations to attribute emissions to major sources, including the landfill work face, where new waste is placed at the landfill and gas-control infrastructure. Methane emissions from the work face appeared to be more prevalent than gas-control infrastructure emissions, with 52 landfills exhibiting work face emissions out of the 115 observed landfills shown to be emitting in 2023.

Molecular Basis of MC1R Activation: Mutation-Induced Alterations in Structural Dynamics.

The MC1R protein is a receptor found in melanocytes that plays a role in melanin synthesis. Mutations in this protein can impact hair color, skin tone, tanning ability, and increase the risk of skin cancer. The MC1R protein is activated by the alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH).

Investigation of U.S. landfill GHG reporting program methane emission models.

As part of its commitment to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the U.S. annually develops a national estimate of methane emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills by aggregating activity data from each facility.

Investigating somatic variants and pathways in mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) colorectal carcinoma in South Africa.

Aims: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and an emerging public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Several authors have described an increased frequency of mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) CRC in sub-Saharan Africa, but these tumours remain poorly characterised molecularly. We sought to interrogate the somatic molecular genetic landscape of dMMR CRC in a cohort of young patients to better inform Lynch syndrome (LS) screening strategies and personalised medicine approaches in our setting.

Quantifying methane emissions from United States landfills.

Methane emissions from solid waste may represent a substantial fraction of the global anthropogenic budget, but few comprehensive studies exist to assess inventory assumptions. We quantified emissions at hundreds of large landfills across 18 states in the United States between 2016 and 2022 using airborne imaging spectrometers. Spanning 20% of open United States landfills, this represents the most systematic measurement-based study of methane point sources of the waste sector.

Assessment of esterase conformational dynamics in response to poly(ethylene terephthalate) binding.

The pervasive presence of plastic in the environment has reached a concerning scale, being identified in many ecosystems. Bioremediation is the cheapest and most eco-friendly alternative to remove this polymer from affected areas. Recent work described that a novel cold-active esterase enzyme extracted from the bacteria could promiscuously degrade PET.

Comprehensive experimental and numerical validation of Lattice Boltzmann fluid flow and particle simulations in a child respiratory tract.

The numerical simulation of inhaled aerosols in medical research starts to play a crucial role in understanding local deposition within the respiratory tract, a feat often unattainable experimentally. Research on children is particularly challenging due to the limited availability of in vivo data and the inherent morphological intricacies. CFD solvers based on Finite Volume Methods (FVM) have been widely employed to solve the flow field in such studies.

Leachate indicators of an elevated temperature landfill.

Elevated temperature landfills (ETLFs) are municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills that have been impacted by subsurface exothermic reactions (SERs) and display unusual gas and leachate composition. Leachate quantity and quality data were analyzed to identify indicators of a SER at an ETLF in Ohio, USA. ETLF leachate generation increased from 2.

EEG phase synchronization during absence seizures.

Absence seizures-generalized rhythmic spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) are the defining property of childhood (CAE) and juvenile (JAE) absence epilepsies. Such seizures are the most compelling examples of pathological neuronal hypersynchrony. All the absence detection algorithms proposed so far have been derived from the properties of SWDs.

Effects of landfill food waste diversion: a focus on microbial populations and methane generation.

The early stages of municipal solid waste degradation in landfills are complex harmonies of physical, biological, and chemical interactions that all work in concert to degrade trash into smaller and more stable materials. While many approaches have been taken to understand parts of this process, this new work attempted to simulate the early stages of landfills in controlled laboratory environments while observing the impacts of food waste content at different concentrations. This was completed by operating landfill lysimeters in a laboratory for approximately 1000 days, simulating landfill interior conditions while measuring the gas and liquid byproducts to study the impact of food waste presence in these environments.

The nucleotide excision repair proteins through the lens of molecular dynamics simulations.

Mutations that affect the proteins responsible for the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway can lead to diseases such as xeroderma pigmentosum, trichothiodystrophy, Cockayne syndrome, and Cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome. Hence, understanding their molecular behavior is needed to elucidate these diseases' phenotypes and how the NER pathway is organized and coordinated. Molecular dynamics techniques enable the study of different protein conformations, adaptable to any research question, shedding light on the dynamics of biomolecules.

Understanding landfill gas behavior at elevated temperature landfills.

Landfill gas (LFG) wellhead data were compared to understand the range of observations due to unique conditions at five elevated temperature landfills (ETLFs) in the U.S. Correlations of the primary gas ratio, CH:CO, show distinct compositional indicators for (1) typical operation, (2) subsurface exothermic reactions (SERs), (3) high moisture content, and (4) air intrusion that can help operators and regulators diagnose conditions across gas extraction wells.

Meta-analyses of host metagenomes from colorectal cancer patients reveal strong relationship between colorectal cancer-associated species.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer, with many studies associating its development with changes in the gut microbiota. Recent developments in sequencing technologies and subsequent meta-analyses of gut metagenome provided a better understanding of species related to CRC tumorigenesis. Still, the importance of high-importance taxonomic singletons ( species highly associated with a given condition but observed only in the minority of datasets) and the species interactions and co-occurrence across cohorts need further exploration.

Dataset of leachate volumes and surface areas for municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills in Ohio, USA from 1988-2020.

This data brief presents leachate disposal and management data for 43 active or closed municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills and planar surface areas for 40 of those landfills in Ohio, USA. Data were extracted from publicly available Annual Operational Reports from the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (Ohio EPA) and consolidated into a digital dataset of two delimited text files. A total of 9,985 data points represent monthly leachate disposal totals, arranged by management type and by landfill.

An evaluation of solar thermal heating to support a freeze-thaw anaerobic digestion system for human waste treatment in subarctic environments.

Remote locations, small communities, and weather prohibit the operation of piped sanitary sewers in many Alaska Native Villages (ANVs). Research was conducted to understand the technical feasibility of installing anaerobic digesters (ADs) in remote ANVs which would be heated by solar thermal collectors. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) assays were conducted to understand the effect of freezing and thawing on methanogenic activity of synthetic human feces.

Accuracy and performance of the lattice Boltzmann method with 64-bit, 32-bit, and customized 16-bit number formats.

Fluid dynamics simulations with the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) are very memory intensive. Alongside reduction in memory footprint, significant performance benefits can be achieved by using FP32 (single) precision compared to FP64 (double) precision, especially on GPUs. Here we evaluate the possibility to use even FP16 and posit16 (half) precision for storing fluid populations, while still carrying arithmetic operations in FP32.

PARROT: A Pilot Study on the Open Access Provision of Particle-Discrete Tomographic Datasets.

In the present paper, as part of an interdisciplinary research project (Priority Programme SPP2045), we propose a possible way to design an open access archive for particle-discrete tomographic datasets: the PARROT database (https://parrot.tu-freiberg.de).

Developing innovative treatment technologies for PFAS-containing wastes.

The release of persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) into the environment is a major concern for the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).

Supercritical Water Oxidation as an Innovative Technology for PFAS Destruction.

Water above 374 °C and 22.1 MPa, becomes supercritical, a special state where organic solubility increases and oxidation processes are accelerated. Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) has been previously shown to destroy hazardous substances such as halogenated compounds.

Linear and brute force stability of orthogonal moment multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann methods applied to homogeneous isotropic turbulence.

Multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM) based on orthogonal moments exhibit lattice Mach number dependent instabilities in diffusive scaling. The present work renders an explicit formulation of stability sets for orthogonal moment MRT LBM. The stability sets are defined via the spectral radius of linearized amplification matrices of the MRT collision operator with variable relaxation frequencies.

Absence Seizure Detection Algorithm for Portable EEG Devices.

Absence seizures are generalized nonmotor epileptic seizures with abrupt onset and termination. Transient impairment of consciousness and spike-slow wave discharges (SWDs) in EEG are their characteristic manifestations. This type of seizure is severe in two common pediatric syndromes: childhood (CAE) and juvenile (JAE) absence epilepsy.

Coupling of multiscale lattice Boltzmann discrete-element method for reactive particle fluid flows.

Reactive particulate systems are of prime importance in varieties of practical applications in process engineering. As an example this study considers extraction of phosphorous from waste water by calcium silicate hydrate particles in the P-RoC process. For such systems modeling has a large potential to help to optimize process conditions, e.

Feasibility Study for a Chemical Process Particle Size Characterization System for Explosive Environments Using Low Laser Power.

The industrial particle sensor market lacks simple, easy to use, low cost yet robust, safe and fast response solutions. Towards development of such a sensor, for in-line use in micro channels under continuous flow conditions, this work introduces static light scattering (SLS) determination of particle diameter using a laser with an emission power of less than 5 µW together with sensitive detectors with detection times of 1 ms. The measurements for the feasibility studies are made in an angular range between 20° and 160° in 2° increments.