Significant differences in functional outcome between upper and lower limbs after vascular trauma of the extremities.

Background: This study aimed to compare the functional results between upper (UE) and lower extremity (LE) following arterial reconstruction due to vascular trauma.

Methods: Patients treated for arterial injuries with vascular reconstruction at two centres between 2005 and 2014 were assessed. The physical fitness questionnaire - Fitnessfragebogen (FFB-Mot) - was evaluated.

Two fingerbreadths, one finger's width: on the proximity of the radial nerve to the deltoid tuberosity.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to find a convenient technique to evaluate the location of the radial nerve (RN) with reference to the deltoid tuberosity (DT).

Materials And Methods: Sixty-eight upper extremities, embalmed using a modified version of Thiel's method, were included in the study. The interval between the tip of the greater tubercle of the humerus and the distal tip of the lateral humeral epicondyle (LE) was defined as humeral length (HL).

Direct anterior versus antero-lateral approach in hip joint hemiarthroplasty.

Background: Femoral neck fractures are common injuries in the elderly and represent a major source of morbidity and mortality. Due to the benefits, bipolar hip hemiarthroplasty (BHH) is a popular method to treat. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional and radiographic outcomes for BHH comparing the direct anterior approach (DAA) to the anterolateral approach (ALA) to the hip joint.

In vitro testing of silver-containing spacer in periprosthetic infection management.

Deep infection is a serious complication in endoprosthetic surgery. In correlation to the patient local or systemic compromising factors conservative and surgical proceedings has to be evaluated. Systemic antibiotic therapy is the gold standard in infection management.

Definition of a Risk Zone for the Axillary Nerve Based on Superficial Landmarks.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the axillary nerve's location along superficial anatomical landmarks, and to define a convenient risk zone.

Methods: A total of 123 upper extremities were evaluated. After dissection of the axillary nerve, the vertical distance between the upper border of the anterolateral edge of the acromion and the proximal border of the nerve was measured.

Optimal pin position in supraacetabular external fixation.

Background: This study focuses on (i) the length of the intraosseous part of the supraacetabular pin using the insertion technique from the spina iliaca anterior inferior to the cortical part of the incisura ischiadica major, (ii) the angle of insertion of the supraacetabular pin in the transversal plane and (iii) gender-specific differences of the measured results.

Methods: Images of uninjured pelves from 49 patients (64-line computed tomography scanner) were evaluated, and virtual external fixator pins were positioned using a three-dimensional reconstructions of computed tomography scans. The length of the pins and the insertion angle were investigated.

The Important Relationship Between the Radial Artery's Course and the Radius during Henry's Anterior Forearm Surgical Exposure.

The aim of this study was to investigate the intersection point of the radial artery (RA) with Henry's approach. Ninety forearms from adult human cadavers which had been embalmed using Thiel's method underwent dissection. Henry's approach was performed alongside the whole length of the forearm, and the RAs course was investigated.

Success Rate in Puncture of the Temporomandibular Joint.

Puncture of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a minimally invasive treatment for various jaw disorders. This study used a cadaveric model to evaluate the procedure from two entrance points with respect to hit ratio and possible complications, such as extraarticular extrusion of injection fluid. Ten heads, embalmed with Thiel's method, were investigated.

Talocalcaneal Coalition Including Open Comminuted Calcaneal Fracture; A Case Report and Literature Review.

Tarsal coalition is an often unrecognised cause of foot and ankle pain and represents a congenital osseous, cartilaginous or fibrous connection between two or more tarsal bones. Fractures in combination with tarsal coalitions are rarely described in the literature. We report the case of a 43-year-old male patient with a talocalcaneal coalition who sustained an open comminuted calcaneal fracture and a closed transverse cuboid fracture.

Straight proximal humeral nailing: Risk of iatrogenic tendon injuries with respect to different entry points in anatomical specimens.

Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship of implant-related injuries to the adjacent anatomical structures in a newer generation straight proximal humeral nail (PHN) regarding different entry points. The proximity of the proximal lateral locking-screws of the MultiLoc proximal humeral nail (ML PHN) may cause iatrogenic tendon injuries to the lateral edge of the bicipital humeral groove (BG) as reference point for the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii (LBT) as well as the lateral insertion of the infraspinatus tendon (IST).

Materials And Methods: The study comprised n = 40 upper extremities.

Safe zone for the posterior interosseous nerve with regard to the lateral and posterior approaches to the proximal radius.

Purpose: The posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) is at risk during the posterior and lateral approaches to the proximal radius. We aimed to define a safe zone for these approaches to avoid injury of the PIN and to evaluate their close and changing relationship to the nerve during forearm rotation.

Methods: The study collective consisted of 50 upper limbs.

Comparison of volar and dorsal plate osteosynthesis for radial shaft fractures: an anatomical pilot study.

Background: No publication has yet described the interface between the radius and the plate in various positions. Neither clinical examination nor assessment of fracture radiographs provides information about the anatomy of the radius before injury.

Purpose: We investigated radius anatomy to analyse dorsal and volar plate-to-bone fit for radial shaft fracture management.

Prevalence of the distal oblique bundle of the interosseous membrane of the forearm: an anatomical study.

A study was undertaken to examine the presence of the distal oblique bundle of the forearm in a large sample in order to describe its true prevalence. The study sample consisted of 200 cadaveric forearms. Fifteen were excluded due to defects in the distal interosseous membrane.

Reduction and ring fixation of instable C1 fractures with monoaxial pedicle screws.

Introduction: Ring fixation of C1 can be performed using pedicle screws and a rod in case of unstable Jefferson or lateral mass fractures of C1.

Materials And Methods: In a case series of three patients, we stabilized C1 fractures surgically using a modified technique of C1 ring fixation by using monoaxial instead of polyaxial screws. Functional outcome and pain was recorded postoperatively.

Evaluation of Monaldi's approach with regard to needle decompression of the tension pneumothorax-A cadaver study.

Background: Although needle decompression of tension pneumothorax through the second intercostal space in the midclavicular line (Monaldi's approach) is a life-saving procedure, severe complications have been reported after its implementation. We evaluated the procedure by comparing how it was performed on cadavers by study participants with different training levels.

Methods: Six participants including one thoracic surgeon performed bilateral thoracic drainage after Monaldi on 82 torsos.

Computer-aided analysis for optimal screw insertion in lateral mass of C1: An anatomical study.

Introduction: Motion preserving techniques in C1 ring fractures are increasingly used especially in young patients. Therefore, lateral mass screws are inserted in the first vertebra and connected by a rod. The purpose of this study was to determine safe zones regarding the vertebral arteries and the medulla oblongata for optimal lateral mass screw positioning when fusing the C1-ring.

Female and male victims of violence in an urban emergency room--prevalence, sociodemographic characteristics, alcohol intake, and injury patterns.

Background: Violence as well as alcohol-attributable injuries is a dominant public health issue worldwide. Victims, being injured, frequently visit emergency rooms (ER).

Methods: We interviewed all the patients seeking help in an urban emergency room reporting being victims of violent behavior over a period of 3 months (from November 2011 to January 2012).

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 14-alkoxymorphinans. 22.(1) Influence of the 14-alkoxy group and the substitution in position 5 in 14-alkoxymorphinan-6-ones on in vitro and in vivo activities.

Novel 14-alkoxy-substituted (e.g. allyloxy, benzyloxy, naphthylmethoxy) morphinan-6-one derivatives were synthesized and biologically evaluated.

Routes of transmission and consequences of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) infection and eradication schemes.

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV = maedi-visna in sheep and caprine arthritis encephalitis in goats) are distributed throughout most countries of the world, particularly Europe. Laboratories from 16 European countries established collaborations within the framework of a COST (CO-operation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research) action sponsored by the European Union in order to (i) better organize their research programmes on SRLVs and (ii) to coordinate efforts to combat these two diseases. After five years, a consensus conference--the first one in the veterinary medicine field--concluded the work of this network of laboratories by reviewing the present position and discussing three important questions in the field of SRLVs: routes of transmission, consequences of infection and potential role of eradication programmes at either a European or local level, according to the situation in each country or region.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 14-alkoxymorphinans. 18. N-substituted 14-phenylpropyloxymorphinan-6-ones with unanticipated agonist properties: extending the scope of common structure-activity relationships.

The synthesis, biological, and pharmacological evaluations of 14beta-O-phenylpropyl-substituted morphinan-6-ones are described. The most striking finding of this study was that all of the compounds from the novel series of differently N-substituted 14beta-O-phenylpropylmorphinans acted as powerful opioid agonists. Even with N-substituents such as cyclopropylmethyl and allyl, which are usually associated with distinct antagonist properties, only agonists were obtained.

Signal transduction efficacy of the highly potent mu opioid agonist 14-methoxymetopon.

In search of a truly high-efficacy (i.e., tau > 100) mu opioid analgesic, we determined the efficacy (tau) and apparent in vivo affinity (KA) of the high-potency alkoxymorphinan 14-methoxymetopon.

Mu-opioid receptor specific antagonist cyprodime: characterization by in vitro radioligand and [35S]GTPgammaS binding assays.

The use of compounds with high selectivity for each opioid receptor (mu, delta and kappa) is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of opioid actions. Until recently non-peptide mu-opioid receptor selective antagonists were not available. However, N-cyclopropylmethyl-4,14-dimethoxy-morphinan-6-one (cyprodime) has shown a very high selectivity for mu-opioid receptor in in vivo bioassays.

Opioid peptide receptor studies. 9. Identification of a novel non-mu- non-delta-like opioid peptide binding site in rat brain.

Quantitative binding studies resolved two high-affinity [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding sites in rat brain membranes depleted of mu binding sites by pretreatment with the irreversible agent BIT. The two binding sites had lower (delta ncx-2, Ki = 96.6 nM) and higher (delta ncx-1, Ki = 1.

[Continuation of the observation and serological investigation of a Maedi-Visna virus infected sheep flock from January 1990 to June 1996].

This paper describes the second part of a longtime-study, started in 1987. Serologic investigations for detecting antibodies against Maedi Visna-virus (MVV) were performed, involving an institute own sheep flock. The method used was the immunodiffusiontest.