Nanoscale Magnets Embedded in a Microstrip.

Nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging (NanoMRI) is an active area of applied research with potential applications in structural biology and quantum engineering. The success of this technological vision hinges on improving the instrument's sensitivity and functionality. A particular challenge is the optimization of the magnetic field gradient required for spatial encoding and of the radio frequency field used for spin control, in analogy to the components used in clinical MRI.

Shape Matters: Highly Selective Antimicrobial Bottle Brush Copolymers via a One-Pot RAFT Polymerization Approach.

The one-pot synthesis of antimicrobial bottle brush copolymers is presented. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization is used for the production of the polymeric backbone, as well as for the grafts, which were installed using a grafting-from approach. A combination of -isopropyl acrylamide and a Boc-protected primary amine-containing acrylamide was used in different compositions.

How US law will evaluate artificial intelligence for covid-19.

explore the legal implications of using artificial intelligence in the response to covid-19 and call for more robust evaluation frameworks

Tolerance develops toward GLP-1 receptor agonists' glucose-lowering effect in mice.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are popular antidiabetic drugs with potent glucose-lowering effects and low risk of hypoglycemia. Animal experiments and human data indicate that tolerance develops toward at least some of their effects, e.g.

Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy with a One-Dimensional Resolution of 0.9 Nanometers.

Magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) is a scanning probe technique capable of detecting MRI signals from nanoscale sample volumes, providing a paradigm-changing potential for structural biology and medical research. Thus far, however, experiments have not reached sufficient spatial resolution for retrieving meaningful structural information from samples. In this work, we report MRFM imaging scans demonstrating a resolution of 0.

Nanoladder Cantilevers Made from Diamond and Silicon.

We present a "nanoladder" geometry that minimizes the mechanical dissipation of ultrasensitive cantilevers. A nanoladder cantilever consists of a lithographically patterned scaffold of rails and rungs with feature size ∼100 nm. Compared to a rectangular beam of the same dimensions, the mass and spring constant of a nanoladder are each reduced by roughly 2 orders of magnitude.

Exenatide Is an Effective Antihyperglycaemic Agent in a Mouse Model of Wolfram Syndrome 1.

Wolfram syndrome 1 is a very rare monogenic disease resulting in a complex of disorders including diabetes mellitus. Up to now, insulin has been used to treat these patients. Some of the monogenic forms of diabetes respond preferentially to sulphonylurea preparations.

Dynamic shear force microscopy of viscosity in nanometer-confined hexadecane layers.

Hexadecane exhibits pronounced molecular layering upon confinement to gaps of a few nanometer width which is discussed for its role in boundary lubrication. We have probed the mechanical properties of the confined layers with the help of an atomic force microscope, by quasi-static normal force measurements and by analyzing the lateral tip motion of a magnetically actuated torsional cantilever oscillation. The molecular layering is modeled by a oscillatory force curve and the tip approach is simulated assuming thermal equilibrium correlations in the liquid.

GLP-1 receptor agonists have a sustained stimulatory effect on corticosterone release after chronic treatment.

Objective: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a new group of antidiabetic medications quickly gaining popularity. We aimed to examine behavioural and neuroendocrine changes following chronic treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists in animal models.

Methods: The effects of chronic treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists were determined on behavioural parameters [anxiety level in the light-dark compartment test, the motor activity in automated activity cages, immobility in the forced swimming test (FST)] and on corticosterone release in mice.

The antidepressant action of imipramine and venlafaxine involves suppression of nitric oxide synthesis.

Depressive disorders represent a major public health problem worldwide. The limitations of current antidepressant drugs have warranted on-going research to identify pharmacological agents and strategies that offer a greater therapeutic efficacy. The NMDA/L-arginine nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cascade is an important signaling pathway that is also implicated in the regulation of depression.

Nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of marble-burying behavior.

The aim of this study was to characterize the behavioral effect of modulators of NO synthesis in the mouse marble-burying test. We found that the non-selective NOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) as well as the more selective neuronal and inducible NOS inhibitor 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole (TRIM) decreased the number of marbles buried. Treatment with NO precursor l-arginine alone (500mg/kg) had no effect in this paradigm, but counteracted the effects of paroxetine (10mg/kg) and citalopram (10mg/kg).

Antidepressant-like effect of agmatine is not mediated by serotonin.

The aim of this study was to characterize the behavioral effects of systemically administered agmatine in animal models predictive of antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activity and clarify whether the effects of agmatine depend on the intact serotonergic system. Only the highest dose of agmatine tested (50 mg/kg) decreased immobility of mice in the forced swimming test. The magnitude of the effect was slightly smaller than that of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (15 mg/kg).

Blood pressure measurement in family physician offices.

In January of 1986, board certified family physicians in 407 medical offices within New York state were surveyed to ascertain the range of blood pressure (BP) equipment available in their offices. Information regarding the calibration of anaeroid BP cuffs was also obtained. Most physicians in the sample who saw infants and children in their office did not carry infant-size BP cuffs.

Autocategorization: a new technique for statistical comparisons of medical diagnoses.

Autocategorization is a new technique appropriate for studies involving relative frequencies of illness diagnoses using the International Classification of Diseases. It is ideally suited for emergency department illness patterns. The technique uses the standard chi-square statistical test, but is novel in objectively determining the aggregation of diseases into categories for analysis.

Patterns of local and tourist use of an emergency department.

Illness patterns of local and tourist patients in an emergency department of a medium-sized Ontario city with a single hospital were compared. Frequencies of specific and broad categories of ailments and rates of admission to the hospital were similar in the two groups. However, non-Canadian tourists were admitted to hospital at a much lower rate than Canadian tourists.