Do Danish medical students feel prepared to deliver healthcare to patients with backgrounds different from their own? A cross-sectional survey.

Background: Migrant and ethnic minority populations in Europe are growing, leading to a demand for health systems and health educations to accommodate the growing diversity. Research indicates that health professionals feel inadequately prepared to care for diverse populations, and medical education has gaps in addressing these issues. The aim of the study is to explore whether Danish medical students and newly graduated physicians feel prepared to meet the needs of the increasingly diverse populations.

Involuntary admissions for non-affective psychotic disorders in young refugees and peers in Denmark: A population cohort study.

Introduction: People with psychotic disorders are at increased risk of experiencing involuntary hospital admissions relative to other psychiatric patients. Within this group, refugees and other minority groups may be at even greater risk. However, little is known about the role of migration background in the risk of involuntary admissions around the time of first psychosis-related treatment.

Denmark: Health System Review.

This analysis of the Danish health system reviews recent developments in organization and governance, health financing, health care provision, health reforms and health system performance. Population health in Denmark is good and improving, with life expectancy above the European Union (EU) average but is, however, lagging behind the other Nordic countries. Denmark has a universal and tax-financed health system, providing coverage for a comprehensive package of health services.

Challenges and Opportunities for Implementing Diversity Competence in a Medical Education Curriculum: A Qualitative Study of Perceptions Among Students and Teachers.

Objectives: Medical education is under continuous pressure to introduce new curriculum content to ensure that physicians possess the competences that the population needs. Diversity competence (DC) is a relatively new area within medicine, challenging the existing curriculum. Frameworks and guidelines have been developed to provide support and assistance to educators in integrating DC into medical programs.

Risk of unemployment and work disability among refugee and non-refugee migrants with incident psychotic disorders in Sweden and Denmark.

Background: Unemployment and work disability are common among individuals with non-affective psychotic disorders (NAPDs) but it is unknown whether rates differ among migrants and native-born individuals. The present study aimed to compare the risk of these outcomes during the first 5 years of illness in non-refugee migrants, refugees and native-born individuals with NAPDs in Sweden and Denmark-two countries with different immigration policies and models of early psychosis care.

Methods: Using national registers, we identified all individuals aged 18-35 years in Sweden and Denmark who received an incident NAPD diagnosis between 2006 and 2013 (N = 6750 and 8320, respectively).

Incidence of non-affective psychotic disorders in refugees and peers growing up in Denmark and Sweden: a registry linkage study.

Purpose: Higher rates of non-affective psychotic disorders (NAPD) in minority groups have been reported in many countries. However, few studies have explored how rates differ between refugees and other minority groups and none with an international comparative angle. A comparative perspective makes it possible to relate group differences to aspects national context that underpin the social determinants of disease.

Comparison of Hospitalization for Nonaffective Psychotic Disorders Among Refugee, Migrant, and Native-Born Adults in Sweden and Denmark.

Importance: Determining whether migrants with nonaffective psychotic disorders (NAPDs) experience poorer outcomes after illness onset is essential to ensure adequate health care provision to these disadvantaged populations.

Objective: To compare cumulative hospital days for NAPDs during the first 5 years of illness among refugee, nonrefugee, and second-generation migrants and their Swedish and Danish peers.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a prospective cohort study of individuals treated for incident NAPDs in inpatient or outpatient settings between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2013, and followed up for 5 years.

Diversity competence training for health professionals in Europe: a modified delphi study investigating relevant content for short or online courses.

Background: Diversity is a reality in our societies, requiring health professionals to adapt to the unique needs of all patients, including migrants and ethnic minorities. In order to enable health professionals to meet related challenges and reduce health disparities, long and demanding training courses have been developed. But due to busy schedules of professionals and often scarce resources, a need for shorter training courses exists.

General practitioners' experiences in consultations with foreign language patients after the introduction of a user's fee for professional interpretation: a qualitative interview study.

Background: In 2018, an amendment to the Danish Health Care Act was passed making it a requirement for patients not proficient in Danish to pay for interpretation services in health care settings. Thereafter there has been a drastic decline in the use of professional interpreters, especially in general practice. We aimed to investigate the experiences of general practitioners (GPs) in establishing an understanding with these patients in consultations, without the presence of a professional interpreter.

Labour market marginalisation in young refugees and their majority peers in Denmark and Sweden: The role of common mental disorders and secondary school completion.

Background: Due to the circumstances of their early lives, young refugees are at risk of experiencing adverse labour market and health outcomes. The post-settlement environment is thought to play a decisive role in determining how this vulnerability plays out. This study compared trends in labour market marginalisation in young refugees and their majority peers during early adulthood in two national contexts, Denmark and Sweden, and explored the mediating role of common mental disorders and secondary school completions.

Compliance with Dietary Recommendations and Sociodemographic Factors in a Cross-Sectional Study of Natives and Immigrants in Spain.

To analyze compliance with dietary recommendations (DR) based on the Mediterranean Diet among natives and immigrants in Spain. A cross-sectional study was carried out using the Platform of Longitudinal Studies of Immigrant Families comparing immigrant workers from Colombia, Ecuador and Morocco with Spanish workers. Adjusted odds ratios (ORa) of sufficient compliance with DR were obtained by sociodemographic variables.

Migration, ethnicity, racism and the COVID-19 pandemic: A conference marking the launch of a new Global Society.

The inaugural conference of the Global Society on Migration, Ethnicity, Race and Health COVID-19 examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migrants and ethnic minorities and the role of racism. Migrants everywhere have faced tightening immigration restrictions, more obstacles to healthcare, increased racism and worsening poverty. Higher COVID-19 mortality rates have been otbserved in ethnic/racial minorities in the United Kingdom and the United States.

Introduction of user fee for language interpretation: effects on use of interpreters in Danish health care.

Amendments to the Danish Health Act were introduced in 2018 that stated immigrant patients who have resided in Denmark for more than 3 years have to pay user fees for interpretation in health care. The aim of the study was to explore, how the use of interpreters was affected by the introduction of user fees for interpretation. Results showed a considerable decrease in interpretation services following the introduction of the fee.

Towards more equitable education: .

- In 2015, Scandinavia experienced the arrival of many refugee children. Research has documented a higher prevalence of mental health problems among refugee compared to non-migrant children. Education and schools play an important role in the health and wellbeing of children, especially those who are vulnerable, and equity in education may help combat social and health inequalities.

Economic arguments in migrant health policymaking: proposing a research agenda.

Welfare states around the world restrict access to public healthcare for some migrant groups. Formal restrictions on migrants' healthcare access are often justified with economic arguments; for example, as a means to prevent excess costs and safeguard scarce resources. However, existing studies on the economics of migrant health policies suggest that restrictive policies increase rather than decrease costs.

Need for ensuring cultural competence in medical programmes of European universities.

Background: Europe is becoming more social and cultural diverse as a result of the increasing migration, but the medical doctors are largely unprepared. The medical education programmes and teachers have not evolved in line with development of the population. Culturally competent curricula and teachers are needed, to ensure cultural competence among medical doctors and to tackle inequalities in health between different ethnic groups.

Heterogeneity/granularity in ethnicity classifications project: the need for refining assessment of health status.

Background: Identifying ethnic inequalities in health requires data with sufficiently 'granular' (fine detailed) classifications of ethnicity to capture sub-group variation in healthcare use, risk factors and health behaviors. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF), in the USA, commissioned us to explore granular approaches to ethnicity data collection outside of the USA, commencing with the European Union.

Methods: We examined official data sources (population censuses/registers) within the EU-28 to determine the granularity of their approach to ethnicity.

Know where to go: evidence from a controlled trial of a healthcare system information intervention among immigrants.

Background: Immigrants may face problems with accessing the Danish healthcare system due to, for example, lack of knowledge of how to navigate it, which may cause inappropriate healthcare-seeking. Danish municipalities provide a mandatory introduction and language programme for newly arrived immigrants, but no information on the healthcare system is offered. This study investigated what effects information about the Danish healthcare system may have on the hypothetical healthcare-seeking behaviour of newly arrived immigrants and their actual healthcare use.

Ethnic inequalities in child and adolescent health in the Scandinavian welfare states: The role of parental socioeconomic status - a systematic review.

Adult non-Western immigrants in Scandinavia tend to be worse off in terms of health than native-born populations, which cannot be fully ascribed to their often lower socioeconomic status (SES). This review examines if differences in health status are also present between non-Western immigrant and majority children in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and if SES explains the differences. Following PRISMA guidelines, relevant Scandinavian peer-reviewed quantitative publications since 1990 were identified through a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and SveMed.