[Open abdominal trauma with inferior vena cava injury].

The authors report surgical treatment of a patient with a penetrating abdominal trauma followed by damage to inferior vena cava, liver, duodenum and pancreas, massive bleeding and large retroperitoneal hematoma. Suturing of inferior vena cava defect, liver and pancreas, Billroth II gastric resection, drainage of retroperitoneal space and abdominal cavity were carried out. Postoperative period was complicated by pneumonia and seroma in lesser sac that required percutaneous puncture.

[Bioelectrical activity of the gastrointestinal tract in acute intestinal obstruction].

During the period of 2001-2002 in the surgical department of the Republican clinical hospital there were 72 patients with acute small bowel obstruction. In addition to generally accepted methods of diagnosing the acute intestinal obstruction including general rentgenography of organs of the abdominal cavity, radiopaque methods, ultrasound scanning of organs of the abdominal cavity, a measuring-diagnostic system (polygastroenterograph "PGEG-2001") was used which registered and processed fluctuation of biopotentials of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and measured instantaneous values of the intracavital gastric pressure. So, a short period of time was needed to reliably determine the kind and level of obstruction.

[Contractile activity and sensitivity of smooth muscle cells of the small intestine to agonists in acute ileus].

The impact of acute ileus on the contractility and sensitivity of small intestinal smooth muscle cells to acetylcholine and histamine, as well as possible recovery of smooth muscle cells after removal of 3-hour acute ileus were studied. The contractility of small intestinal smooth muscle cells and their sensitivity to the agonists decreased in proportion to the duration of acute ileus only in the strangulated portion of the bowel. Removal of 3-hour acute ileus resulted in a stepwise recovery of the contractility and sensitivity of small intestinal smooth muscle cells to the agonists in the adducting, strangulated, and abducting portions.

[Early postoperative adhesion ileus].

Under analysis were results of surgical treatment of 4908 patients with diseases of organs of the abdominal cavity obtained during the period from 1985 till 1990. In 57 patients relaparotomy was caused by early postoperative commissural ileus. Late diagnosis of the main disease, technical and tactical errors during operations and at the early postoperative period were responsible for the appearance of the commissural ileus.

[The use of laparostomy in treating diffuse suppurative peritonitis].

The results of surgical intervention with the use of laparostomy in 29 patients with diffuse purulent peritonitis at the terminal stage are presented. In 11 cases, laparostomy was performed during the first operation, in 18--for postoperative peritonitis. At the time of operations, laser radiation, gastrointestinal intubation were widely used.

[An analysis of the reasons for relaparotomy in the surgical clinic].

The results of surgical treatment of 4,078 patients who underwent operation in 1985-1989 were studied. Due to the occurrence of complications in the early postoperative period, 182 relaparotomies were carried out in 164 patients. The main indications for relaparotomies were advanced underlying disease, surgical errors (tactical, technical), changes of the patients' immune status.

[Prevention and complex treatment of duodenal stump incompetence].

The results of surgical treatment of 1,069 patients for gastric and duodenal ulcer were studied. Duodenal stump incompetence (DSI) developed in 25 patients (6.3%) after the Billroth II operation; the incompetence was manifested by three clinical forms: infiltrative, primary-fistular, and perforative-peritoneal.

[Subcutaneous rupture of the duodenum].

The results of the treatment of 7 patients with subcutaneous rupture of the duodenum are analysed. The correct diagnosis before the operation was established in 1 case only. At operation, a retroperitoneal hematoma with a dash of bile, and a retroperitoneal emphysema as well were revealed in all the patients.