[Lower urinary tract dysfunction in children].

Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is common in children and can significantly impact the quality of life in affected children and their families. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the causes, diagnostics, and treatment, with a particular focus on nonorganic urinary incontinence and nocturnal enuresis. Accurate diagnostics are essential to differentiate between organic and functional causes, as well as to distinguish primary from secondary forms of urinary incontinence.

[Antibiotic prescribing practice in urological departments in Germany: results of a cross-sectional study].

Background: The patterns and intensity of inpatient antibiotic prescribing vary according to medical specialty.

Objectives: Analysis of recent data on antibiotic use density in hospital departments of urology in Germany.

Methods: Annual surveillance data of 107 departments for the period 2022/2023 were evaluated.

Gender-Specific Differences in Recurrence and Progression following Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Instillation for Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Introduction: To assess gender-specific differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) among patients with intermediate or high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) receiving BCG was the primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: In July 2023, we performed a literature search using MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. This study was prospectively registered at PROSPERO (CRD 2023443269).

Urodynamic Risk Factors for Urinary Infection.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are frequently associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Urodynamic investigation (UDI) is the gold standard for assessing LUTD, but its value in identifying UTI risk factors remains underexplored. Studies have shown high rates of storage and voiding dysfunction in patients with recurrent UTIs, suggesting a causal link between LUTD and UTIs.

Antibiotic-sparing Strategies for Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection.

Non-antimicrobial prophylactic options for recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) can be personalized for each patient. A combination of different non-antibiotic strategies may provide the optimal strategy for reducing rUTIs. Management of rUTIs remains challenging for urologists and distressing for patients.

Transperineal Is the Way To Go.

The evidence available shows that transperineal prostate biopsy is significantly superior to transrectal biopsy in terms of infectious complications and is therefore recommended as the first choice in the European Association of Urology guidelines.

Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of Folic Acid Receptors and Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Transamidase in Prostate Cancer.

Due to the proliferation-induced high demand of cancer cells for folic acid (FA), significant overexpression of folate receptors 1 (FR1) is detected in most cancers. To our knowledge, a detailed characterization of FR1 expression and regulation regarding therapeutic and diagnostic feasibilities in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been described. In the present study, cell cultures, as well as tissue sections, were analyzed using Western blot, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence.

Therapeutic strategies for uncomplicated cystitis in women.

Uncomplicated cystitis is affecting many women of all ages and has a great impact on the quality of life, especially in women suffering from recurrent, uncomplicated cystitis. By far the most frequent uropathogen, , may have acquired increasing resistance against a variety of oral antibiotics, which may differ between countries and regions. Therefore, local resistance data are important to be considered.

Keep it Simple: A Proposal for a New Definition of Uncomplicated and Complicated Urinary Tract Infections from the EAU Urological Infections Guidelines Panel.

The European Association of Urology Urological Infections Guidelines Panel is proposing a new classification scheme for categorizing urinary tract infections (UTIs) into uncomplicated and complicated types. This classification would provide clarity and facilitate effective clinical management of UTIs, and acknowledges the importance of addressing clinical and sex-specific nuances in the care of individual patients.

European Association of Urology Guidelines on Urological Infections: Summary of the 2024 Guidelines.

Background And Objective: Urological infections significantly impact the wellbeing and quality of life of individuals owing to their widespread occurrence and diverse clinical manifestations. The objective of the guidelines panel was to provide evidence-based guidance on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and male accessory-gland infections, while addressing crucial public health aspects related to infection control and antimicrobial stewardship.

Methods: For the 2024 guidelines on urological infections, new and relevant evidence was identified, collated, and appraised via a structured assessment of the literature.

The Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection.

Background: Urinary tract infection has a one-year prevalence of 11% in women and ranges among the most common reasons for consulting a primary care physician and for receiving a prescription for antibiotics. In the case of recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI), there are questions about the further work-up, treatment, and preventive measures.

Methods: The systematic literature search performed for the update of the German clinical practice guideline on uncomplicated urinary tract infection (043-044) (up to February 2022) was supplemented with a selective search for clinical trials (up to August 2023).

[Urosepsis: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management-an update].

Urinary tract infections vary widely in their clinical spectrum, ranging from uncomplicated cystitis to septic shock. Urosepsis accounts for 9-31% of all cases of septicemia and is often associated with nosocomial infections. A major risk factor for urosepsis is the presence of obstructive uropathy, caused by conditions such as urolithiasis, tumors, or strictures.

[Urinary retention and postrenal kidney injury].

In men aged 40-83 years, the overall incidence of urinary retention is 4.5-6.8 cases per 1000 men per year.

Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Renal Analysis: Automated Detection of Hydronephrosis and Precise Kidney Segmentation.

Background And Objective: Hydronephrosis is essential in the diagnosis of renal colic. We automated the detection of hydronephrosis from ultrasound images to standardize the therapy and reduce the misdiagnosis of renal colic.

Methods: Anonymously collected ultrasound images of human kidneys, both normal and hydronephrotic, were preprocessed for neural networks.

Factors Affecting Stability of RNA - Temperature, Length, Concentration, pH, and Buffering Species.

RNA is prone to both chemical degradation and/or physical instability. Some of the factors affecting stability of RNA in solution are its length, 3' poly A tail and 5' cap integrity, excipients, buffering species, pH of the solution, nucleases, and divalent cations. In this work, we showed the effect of temperature, messenger RNA (mRNA) length, buffering species, pH of the solution, and the concentration of mRNA on its chemical and physical stability.

Longitudinal MR-based proton-density fat fraction (PDFF) and T2* for the assessment of associations between bone marrow changes and myelotoxic chemotherapy.

Objectives: MR imaging-based proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and T2* imaging has shown to be useful for the evaluation of degenerative changes in the spine. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of myelotoxic chemotherapy on the PDFF and T2* of the thoracolumbar spine in comparison to changes in bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods: In this study, 19 patients were included who had received myelotoxic chemotherapy (MC) and had received a MR imaging scan of the thoracolumbar vertebrates before and after the MC.