"Him, Me, or the Both of Us": Perceptions of Blame Among Israeli Ultraorthodox Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence.

This study investigated how Ultraorthodox Jewish Women (UJW) survivors attribute blame in intimate partner violence (IPV) experiences, addressing a significant research gap in understanding IPV within specific cultural contexts. The research employed a phenomenological approach through 15 semistructured face-to-face interviews with UJW IPV survivors. The findings revealed diverse patterns of blame attribution, including exclusive perpetrator blame, self-blame, and shared responsibility.

Pure Apocrine Intraductal Carcinoma of Salivary Glands: Reassessment of Molecular Underpinnings and Behavior.

Background: Intraductal carcinoma (IDC) of the salivary glands is a confounding entity, our understanding of which continues to evolve. At least four forms have been elucidated based on histomorphology, immunophenotype, and molecular profile: (1) intercalated duct-like, S100/SOX10+ with frequent NCOA4::RET fusions; (2) oncocytic, S100/SOX10+ with TRIM33::RET, NCOA4::RET, and BRAF V600E; (3) apocrine, AR+ with PI3 kinase pathway mutations; and (4) mixed/hybrid intercalated duct-like/apocrine, with S100/SOX10+ and AR+ areas and frequent TRIM27::RET. The revelation that myoepithelial cells harbor the same fusion as luminal cells suggested that fusion-positive cases are not in situ carcinomas as previously believed.

Real-Time Intraoperative Detection of Margins for Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Obtaining negative surgical cancer margins is the strongest predictor for the long-term survival of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients. To verify that the tumor has been completely removed, surgeons rely on pathologic evaluation of frozen sections to determine surgical margins, which can be time-consuming and subjective. Herein, we detail the real-time intraoperative use of dynamic optical contrast imaging (DOCI), a novel imaging modality that rapidly distinguishes head and neck cancer from healthy adjacent tissues based on fluorescence decay information from spectral bands in the UV-VIS range.

Ex vivo hypercellular parathyroid gland differentiation using dynamic optical contrast imaging (DOCI).

Primary hyperparathyroidism, often caused by a single adenoma (80-85%) or four-gland hyperplasia (10-15%), can lead to elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and resultant hypercalcemia. Surgical excision of offending lesions is the standard of care, as the removal of pathologic adenomas reduces PTH and calcium values to baseline. The small size, variable location, and indistinct external features of parathyroid glands can make their identification quite challenging intraoperatively.

Modular polymer platform as a novel approach to head and neck cancer therapy.

Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world, with more than 300,000 deaths attributed to the disease annually. Aggressive surgical resection often with adjuvant chemoradiation is the cornerstone of treatment. However, the necessary chemoradiation treatment can result in collateral damage to adjacent vital structures causing a profound impact on quality of life.

The evolution of "atypia" in thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens.

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) provided a standardized framework for resulting thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens and introduced the low-risk category of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS). This indeterminate category has significantly evolved over time with the incorporation of molecular testing, reclassification of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP), and a shift toward more conservative management. Despite these refinements, AUS/FLUS remains a challenge, at both the diagnostic and therapeutic level.

A Tool to Locate Parathyroid Glands Using Dynamic Optical Contrast Imaging.

Objectives/hypothesis: Identification of parathyroid glands and adjacent tissues intraoperatively can be quite challenging because of their small size, variable locations, and indistinct external features. The objective of this study is to test the efficacy of the dynamic optical contrast imaging (DOCI) technique as a tool in specifically differentiating parathyroid tissue and adjacent structures, facilitating efficient and reliable tissue differentiation.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Afirma Genomic Sequencing Classifier and Xpression Atlas Molecular Findings in Consecutive Bethesda III-VI Thyroid Nodules.

Context: Broad genomic analyses among thyroid histologies have been described from relatively small cohorts.

Objective: Investigate the molecular findings across a large, real-world cohort of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples.

Design: Retrospective analysis of RNA sequencing data files.

Microsecretory Adenocarcinoma of Salivary Glands: An Expanded Series of 24 Cases.

Microsecretory adenocarcinoma (MSA) is a recently described salivary gland tumor with a characteristic histologic and immunophenotypic profile and recurrent MEF2C-SS18 fusions. Because only six cases of MSA have been published, its complete clinicopathologic spectrum is unclear, and its biologic behavior has not been documented. Here, we present an updated and expanded experience of 24 MSA cases.

Applications of Computational Pathology in Head and Neck Cytopathology.

Background: The application of computational technology to head and neck cytology material has been explored experimentally in several areas with a variety of potential applications.

Summary: This review summarizes the application of these techniques to the diagnosis of thyroid, salivary gland, and other head and neck fine-needle aspiration specimens. Current limitations and potential future applications in diagnosis are discussed along with the possibilities for therapeutic applications of computational methodology.

Hürthle cell lesions of the thyroid: Progress made and challenges remaining.

Hürthle cell-predominant thyroid fine needle aspirations (FNA) are encountered frequently in routine practice, yet they are often challenging to diagnose accurately and are associated with significant interobserver variability. This is largely due to the ubiquity of Hürthle cells in thyroid pathology, ranging from nonneoplastic conditions to aggressive malignancies. Although limitations in cytomorphologic diagnoses likely will remain for the foreseeable future, our knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of Hürthle cell neoplasia and application of molecular testing to cytologic material have increased dramatically within the past decade.

Should "suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma" and "positive for high-grade urothelial carcinoma" remain separate categories?

Background: The Paris System (TPS) for Reporting Urinary Cytology aims to standardize urine cytology reporting. Per TPS, the diagnosis of "suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (SHGUC)" is applied in cases that have few urothelial cells with severe atypia but are quantitatively insufficient for a diagnosis of "high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC)." In our study, we compared the diagnostic accuracy and risk of malignancy (ROM) of these 2 categories to assess whether they could be combined in clinical practice to perhaps improve overall interobserver variability.

The Afirma Xpression Atlas for thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer metastases: Insights to inform clinical decision-making from a fine-needle aspiration sample.

Recent analytical and clinical validation of the Afirma Xpression Atlas (XA) demonstrates test reliability and the identification of genomic alterations that may inform patient management. The updated Afirma Genomic Sequencing Classifier and XA reports aim to optimize the understanding of these contributions, including decisions about observation versus surgery, the need for disease‐specific preoperative testing, associated neoplasm types, prognostics, the identification of molecular targets for systemic therapy, and the recognition of potential hereditary syndromes.

Cytologic grading of primary malignant salivary gland tumors: A blinded review by an international panel.

Background: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is commonly used for the preoperative evaluation of salivary gland tumors. Tumor grade is a key factor influencing clinical management of salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs). To assess the ability to grade nonbasaloid SGCs in FNA specimens, an international panel of cytopathologists convened to review and score SGC cases.

Low-grade Apocrine Intraductal Carcinoma: Expanding the Morphologic and Molecular Spectrum of an Enigmatic Salivary Gland Tumor.

Intraductal carcinoma (IDC) is the current designation for a salivary gland neoplasm previously referred to as "low-grade salivary duct carcinoma" and "low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma," among others. IDC is conceptually believed to be similar to ductal carcinoma in-situ of the breast. Although IDC is one entity in the current WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumors, recent studies have suggested that at least three subtypes exist: a low-grade, intercalated duct-like variant with frequent RET rearrangements; a high-grade apocrine variant with complex, salivary duct carcinoma-like genetics; and a mixed variant.

Malignancy risk for solitary and multiple nodules in Hürthle cell-predominant thyroid fine-needle aspirations: A multi-institutional study.

Background: Hürthle cell metaplasia is common in hyperplastic nodules, particularly within the setting of lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT). The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology indicates that it is acceptable to classify Hürthle cell-predominant fine-needle aspiration (HC FNA) specimens as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) rather than suspicious for a Hürthle cell neoplasm (HUR) within the setting of multiple nodules or known LT. The goal of the current study was to address whether this approach is justified.

Heterogeneity of p16 immunohistochemistry and increased sensitivity of RNA in situ hybridization in cytology specimens of HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Many patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-HNSCC) initially present with cervical lymph node metastases. Although p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the most commonly used surrogate marker for HPV, however criteria in cytologic material are not well established. The objective of this study was to better characterize p16 IHC in cell blocks of metastatic HPV-HNSCC, and to evaluate the performance of HPV RNA in situ hybridization (RNA ISH).

Application of the Milan System for Reporting Submandibular Gland Cytopathology: An international, multi-institutional study.

Background: The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) is a 6-tier diagnostic category system with associated risks of malignancy (ROMs) and management recommendations. Submandibular gland fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is uncommon with a higher frequency of inflammatory lesions and a higher relative proportion of malignancy, and this may affect the ROM and subsequent management. This study evaluated the application of the MSRSGC and the ROM for each diagnostic category for 734 submandibular gland FNAs.