Circulating syndecan-1 is associated with chemotherapy-resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Objectives: Docetaxel chemotherapy is a standard treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Rapidly expanding treatment options for CRPC provide reasonable alternatives for those who are resistant to docetaxel. Therefore, prediction of docetaxel resistance has become of great clinical importance.

Reproducibility and Repeatability of Semiquantitative F-Fluorodihydrotestosterone Uptake Metrics in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Metastases: A Prospective Multicenter Study.

F-fluorodihydrotestosterone (F-FDHT) is a radiolabeled analog of the androgen receptor's primary ligand that is currently being credentialed as a biomarker for prognosis, response, and pharmacodynamic effects of new therapeutics. As part of the biomarker qualification process, we prospectively assessed its reproducibility and repeatability in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. We conducted a prospective multiinstitutional study of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients undergoing 2 (test/retest) F-FDHT PET/CT scans on 2 consecutive days.

Validation of [F]FLT as a perfusion-independent imaging biomarker of tumour response in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients undergoing treatment with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Background: 3'-Deoxy-3'-[F]fluorothymidine ([F]FLT) was proposed as an imaging biomarker for the assessment of in vivo cellular proliferation with positron emission tomography (PET). The current study aimed to validate [F]FLT as a perfusion-independent PET tracer, by gaining insight in the intra-tumoural relationship between [F]FLT uptake and perfusion in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Six patients with metastatic NSCLC, having an activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, were included in this study.

Population trends in warblers are linked to strong migratory connectivity.

Migratory species can experience limiting factors at different locations and during different periods of their annual cycle. In migratory birds, these factors may even occur in different hemispheres. Therefore, identifying the distribution of populations throughout their annual cycle (i.

Correction: STING expression and response to treatment with STING ligands in premalignant and malignant disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial to test the effect of a smartphone application on oral-health behavior and oral hygiene in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Background: Adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances are at high risk of developing dental caries. To date, new smartphone technologies have seldom been used to support them in the preventive behavior that can help prevent dental caries. After an intervention-mapping process, we developed a smartphone application (the WhiteTeeth app) for preventing dental caries through improved oral-health behavior and oral hygiene.

Response to Lisovski et al.

Lisovski et al.[1] describe the widely recognized limitations of light-level geolocator data for identifying short-distance latitudinal movements, recommend that caution be used when interpreting such data, intimated that we did not use such caution and argued that environmental shading likely explained the Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) movements described in our 2015 report [2]. Lisovski et al.

Evaluating outcomes of management targeting the recovery of a migratory songbird of conservation concern.

Background: Assessing outcomes of habitat management is critical for informing and adapting conservation plans. From 2013-2019, a multi-stage management initiative, led by the American Bird Conservancy (ABC), aims to create >25,000 ha of shrubland and early-successional vegetation to benefit Golden-winged Warblers () in managed forested landscapes of the western Great Lakes region. We studied a dense breeding population of Golden-winged Warblers at Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in Minnesota, USA, where ABC initiative management was implemented to benefit the species.

Repeatability of quantitative F-FLT uptake measurements in solid tumors: an individual patient data multi-center meta-analysis.

Introduction: 3'-deoxy-3'-[F]fluorothymidine (F-FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) provides a non-invasive method to assess cellular proliferation and response to antitumor therapy. Quantitative F-FLT uptake metrics are being used for evaluation of proliferative response in investigational setting, however multi-center repeatability needs to be established. The aim of this study was to determine the repeatability of F-FLT tumor uptake metrics by re-analyzing individual patient data from previously published reports using the same tumor segmentation method and repeatability metrics across cohorts.

Hematopoiesis is prognostic for toxicity and survival of Radium treatment in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Objective: We evaluated the impact of pre-therapeutic hematopoiesis on survival, hematotoxicity (HT) and number of Radium (Ra) treatments in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Subjects And Method: Hemoglobin-levels (Hb), the number of platelets (Plts), leukocytes (Leuk), and survival data were collected in 56 patients treated with Ra. Pre-therapeutic hematopoiesis as well as adverse events during and after therapy were scored (grade 0-4) according to the CTCAE recommendations.

Multiple Binding Sites Contribute to the Mechanism of Mixed Agonistic and Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor.

The cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) is an abundant metabotropic G-protein-coupled receptor that has been difficult to address therapeutically because of CNS side effects exerted by orthosteric drug candidates. Recent efforts have focused on developing allosteric modulators that target CB1R. Compounds from the recently discovered class of mixed agonistic and positive allosteric modulators (Ago-PAMs) based on 2-phenylindoles have shown promising functional and binding properties as CB1R ligands.

Elevated preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts upgrading at radical prostatectomy.

Background: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a widely used, representative marker of systemic inflammatory response within the body. NLR can be calculated from simple, inexpensive peripheral blood samples. High NLR is a negative prognostic factor in a variety of malignancies including urological tumors.

The effectiveness of two types of MADS for OSA therapy.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine differences in effectiveness between two types of mandibular advancement device (MAD).

Material And Methods: In this retrospective, cohort study, the two devices used were MAD type "Somnodent-Flex" (MAD 1) and MAD type "Herbst" (MAD 2). One hundred thirty-seven patients participated in this study, 67 patients were treated with MAD 1, and 70 patients with MAD 2.

Estimating the arterial input function from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data with compensation for flow enhancement (II): Applications in spine diagnostics and assessment of crohn's disease.

Background: Pharmacokinetic (PK) models can describe microvascular density and integrity. An essential component of PK models is the arterial input function (AIF) representing the time-dependent concentration of contrast agent (CA) in the blood plasma supplied to a tissue.

Purpose/hypothesis: To evaluate a novel method for subject-specific AIF estimation that takes inflow effects into account.

Chromosome level assembly and secondary metabolite potential of the parasitic fungus Cordyceps militaris.

Background: Cordyceps militaris is an insect pathogenic fungus that is prized for its use in traditional medicine. This and other entomopathogenic fungi are understudied sources for the discovery of new bioactive molecules. In this study, PacBio SMRT long read sequencing technology was used to sequence the genome of C.

Amplifying IFN-γ Signaling in Dendritic Cells by CD11c-Specific Loss of SOCS1 Increases Innate Immunity to Infection while Decreasing Adaptive Immunity.

Although prophylactic vaccines provide protective humoral immunity against infectious agents, vaccines that elicit potent CD8 T cell responses are valuable tools to shape and drive cellular immunity against cancer and intracellular infection. In particular, IFN-γ-polarized cytotoxic CD8 T cell immunity is considered optimal for protective immunity against intracellular Ags. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 is a cross-functional negative regulator of TLR and cytokine receptor signaling via degradation of the receptor-signaling complex.

Substantial improvement in HbA1c following a treatment and teaching programme for people with type 2 diabetes on conventional insulin therapy in an in- and outpatient setting.

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of a patient education programme (DTTP) for the optimisation of conventional insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes in an in- and outpatient setting.

Methods: The study was designed as a prospective, longitudinal trial. Thirty-three people with diabetes (females 54.

Wavelet coherence analysis: A new approach to distinguish organic and functional tremor types.

Objective: To distinguish tremor subtypes using wavelet coherence analysis (WCA). WCA enables to detect variations in coherence and phase difference between two signals over time and might be especially useful in distinguishing functional from organic tremor.

Methods: In this pilot study, polymyography recordings were studied retrospectively of 26 Parkinsonian (PT), 26 functional (FT), 26 essential (ET), and 20 enhanced physiological (EPT) tremor patients.

STING expression and response to treatment with STING ligands in premalignant and malignant disease.

Human papilloma virus positive (HPV+) tumors represent a large proportion of anal, vulvar, vaginal, cervical and head and neck squamous carcinomas (HNSCC) and late stage invasive disease is thought to originate from a premalignant state. Cyclic dinucleotides that activate STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING) have been shown to cause rapid regression of a range of advanced tumors. We aimed to investigate STING ligands as a novel treatment for papilloma.

The Contemporary Use of Radium-223 in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

Radium-223 dichloride (radium-223) was approved for the treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and symptomatic bone metastases in the United States and Europe in 2013. This followed a reported overall survival benefit for patients treated with radium-223 and best standard of care (BSoC) when compared with placebo and BSoC in the ALpharadin in SYMptomatic Prostate CAncer (ALSYMPCA) trial. At that time, docetaxel was the standard first-line choice for patients with metastatic CRPC (mCRPC).