"They talked to me like I was dirt under their feet:" Treatment and withdrawal experiences of incarcerated pregnant people with opioid use disorder in four U.S. states.

Background: Many pregnant individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) spend time in jail, yet access to standard of care medications for OUD (MOUD) in jail is limited. Though qualitative studies of non-incarcerated pregnant and non-pregnant incarcerated individuals with OUD demonstrate complexities that must be considered in delivering effective care, studies with pregnant, incarcerated patients with OUD are lacking.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews from October 2020-November 2021 with pregnant and postpartum people with OUD who were currently or previously in jail in Florida, Maryland, Ohio, and Virginia.

Social context modulates active avoidance: Contributions of the anterior cingulate cortex in male and female rats.

Actively avoiding danger is necessary for survival. Most research on active avoidance has focused on the behavioral and neurobiological processes when individuals learn to avoid alone, within a solitary context. Therefore, little is known about how social context affects active avoidance.

Towards a better knowledge of U(VI) speciation in weakly alkaline solution through an in-depth study of U(VI) intrinsic colloids.

The formation of U(VI) intrinsic colloids has a non-negligible impact on the dissemination of actinides in the environment. It is therefore essential to better identify their nature, formation conditions, and stability domains. These specific points are especially important since the behavior of these elements in environment is generally estimated by geochemical transport modeling.

Using Animal Welfare Framing as an Effective Approach to Communicating Climate Change-A Review.

Introduction: Climate change and its effects continue to threaten the stability of environments worldwide, impacting nearly every species. Although framing is an established technique in climate communication science, little has been done in communicating the climate change effects from an animal welfare perspective.

Objectives: The primary objective of this article is to present the synthesis of evidence in existing literature on the effects of communicating climate change as an animal welfare issue.

Role of the liver in the sustained normalisation of A1c over 2 years following short-term insulin therapy in early type 2 diabetes.

Aims: When administered in early type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the strategy of 'induction' with short-term intensive insulin therapy (IIT) followed by 'maintenance' with metformin thereafter can yield outstanding glycaemic control, with some patients achieving A1c in the normal range of its assay. We thus sought to identify determinants of sustained normalisation of A1c in response to this treatment strategy.

Materials And Methods: In this study, adults with T2DM of mean duration 1.

Representation of racialised and ethnically diverse populations in multicentre randomised controlled trials of GLP-1 medicines for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of gaps.

Introduction: Trials of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) medicines have changed the paradigm of obesity treatment. Diversity in trial participation is imperative considering that obesity disproportionately impacts marginalised populations worldwide. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses to evaluate the representation of racialised and ethnically diverse populations in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of GLP-1 medicines for obesity.

Retinoblastoma Protein Loss in p53 Abnormal Endometrial Carcinoma: Histologic and Clinicopathological Correlates.

Of the 4 molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer (EC), p53-abnormal (p53abn) EC is associated with abundant copy number alterations and the worst clinical outcome. Patients with p53abn EC have the highest risk of disease recurrence and death, independent of tumor grade and histologic subtype. Currently, all invasive p53abn ECs are considered high risk, and no prognostic biomarkers have yet been found that can aid in clinical management.

Effects of Tirzepatide on the Clinical Trajectory of Patients with Heart Failure, a Preserved Ejection Fraction, and Obesity.

Background: Patients with heart failure, a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and obesity have significant disability and suffer frequent exacerbations of heart failure. We hypothesized that tirzepatide, a long-acting agonist of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors, would improve a comprehensive suite of clinical endpoints, including measures of health status, functional capacity, quality of life, exercise tolerance, patient well-being, and medication burden in these patients.

Methods: 731 patients in class II-IV heart failure, ejection fraction ≥50%, and body mass index ≥30 kg/m were randomized(double-blind) to tirzepatide(titrated up to 15mg subcutaneously weekly)(n=364) or placebo(n=367), added to background therapy for a median of 104 weeks (Q1=66, Q3=126 weeks).

Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity.

Background: Obesity increases the risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Tirzepatide, a long-acting agonist of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors, causes considerable weight loss, but data are lacking with respect to its effects on cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: In this international, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, 731 patients with heart failure, an ejection fraction of at least 50%, and a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of at least 30 to receive tirzepatide (up to 15 mg subcutaneously once per week) or placebo for at least 52 weeks.

Effects of tirzepatide on circulatory overload and end-organ damage in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity: a secondary analysis of the SUMMIT trial.

Patients with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) display circulatory volume expansion and pressure overload contributing to cardiovascular-kidney end-organ damage. In the SUMMIT trial, patients with HFpEF and obesity were randomized to the long-acting glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide (n = 364, 200 women) or placebo (n = 367, 193 women). As reported separately, tirzepatide decreased cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure.

Protein Biomarkers of Adverse Clinical Features and Events in Sarcomeric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous condition that can lead to atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death in many individuals but mild clinical impact in others. The mechanisms underlying this phenotypic heterogeneity are not well defined. The aim of this study was to use plasma proteomic profiling to help illuminate biomarkers that reflect or inform the heterogeneity observed in HCM.

Design of the VOILA-intervention study: A 12-week nutrition and resistance exercise intervention in metabolic or mobility compromised Dutch older adults and the response on immune-metabolic, gut and muscle health parameters.

Background: Exercise and nutrition interventions can slow ageing-induced decline in physiology. However, effects are heterogeneous and usually studied separately per outcome domain. In the VOILA study, we simultaneously study various health outcomes relevant for older adults and the inter-individual heterogeneity in response to a lifestyle intervention.

Extraordinary therapeutic effect of PSMA radioligand therapy in treatment-refractory progressive metastatic prostate cancer with the transketolase inhibitor benfo-oxythiamine as a radiosensitizer-A case report.

Herein we report, for the first time, the therapeutic response of a prostate cancer patient with the thiamine antagonist benfo-oxythiamine (B-OT) added to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy (PRLT). The patient was initially diagnosed as pT3b pN0 (0/7) M0 L0 V0 R0 G3, Gleason score 5 + 5 = 10, with an initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 4.05 ng/ml.

Foetal Microchimerism Correlates With Foetal-Maternal Histocompatibility Both During Pregnancy and Postpartum.

Foetal cells are detectable in women decades postpartum, a state termed foetal microchimerism. The interplay between these semi-allogeneic foetal cells and the mother could be affected by genetic mismatches in the HLA loci. Here, we relate HLA allele and molecular mismatch values to the presence and quantity of foetal microchimerism in the maternal circulation during pregnancy and postpartum.

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the experiences of incarcerated pregnant people.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted incarcerated populations, yet few studies have investigated the specific effects on incarcerated pregnant people. This study compares pregnant people's experiences of pregnancy and parenting in prison before and during the pandemic in order to explore the impacts of COVID-19 on this population.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with pregnant people at a state prison as part of a larger study on pregnant people's experiences during incarceration.

"Veteran to Veteran, There's Automatically a Trust": A Qualitative Study of Veterans' Experiences in a Peer Health-Coaching Program for Hypertension.

Introduction: Veteran peer Coaches Optimizing and Advancing Cardiac Health was an randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the effectiveness of a peer support intervention to reduce blood pressure among veterans with hypertension and 1 or more cardiovascular risks. The authors studied participant perceptions of the intervention, including barriers and facilitators to participation, factors promoting behavior change, and disease self-management practices.

Methods: The authors enrolled participants at their exit visit for the Veteran peer Coaches Optimizing and Advancing Cardiac Health study.

Adult patients with severe respiratory syncytial virus infections in the emergency department.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a seasonal virus known to cause significant morbidity in pediatric patients; however, morbidity in adult patients has not been well investigated. We aimed to characterize adult patients with RSV infection in the emergency department (ED) and their clinical course. During the winter term 2022/23, all adult ED patients were screened for RSV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2, and influenza infection using point-of-care polymerase chain reaction tests.

A Glycemic Threshold Above Which the Improvement of β-Cell Function and Glycemia in Response to Insulin Therapy Is Amplified in Early Type 2 Diabetes: The Reversal of Glucotoxicity.

Objective: Alleviation of unrecognized glucotoxicity, with resultant recovery of β-cell function, could amplify the glucose-lowering effect of pharmacotherapy and contribute to the variable therapeutic response observed among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, clinical evidence supporting this concept is lacking. Short-term intensive insulin therapy (IIT) can ameliorate glucotoxicity and improve β-cell function in early T2D.

Effect of Aficamten on Cardiac Structure and Function in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: SEQUOIA-HCM CMR Substudy.

Background: Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) is characterized by left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, LV outflow tract obstruction, and left atrial dilation, which can be associated with progressive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and stroke. Aficamten is a next-in-class cardiac myosin inhibitor that reduces outflow tract obstruction by modulating cardiac contractility, with the potential to reverse pathological remodeling and, in turn, reduce cardiovascular events.

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the effect of aficamten on cardiac remodeling compared with placebo using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and its association with key clinical endpoints in the SEQUOIA-HCM (Safety, Efficacy, and Quantitative Understanding of Obstruction Impact of Aficamten in HCM) CMR substudy.

Impact of Aficamten on Echocardiographic Cardiac Structure and Function in Symptomatic Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Aficamten, a next-in-class cardiac myosin inhibitor, improved peak oxygen uptake (pVO) and lowered resting and Valsalva left ventricular outflow (LVOT) gradients in adults with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) in SEQUOIA-HCM (Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Aficamten Compared to Placebo in Adults With Symptomatic oHCM), a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.

Objectives: The authors sought to evaluate the effect of aficamten on echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function in SEQUOIA-HCM.

Methods: Serial echocardiograms were performed over 28 weeks in patients randomized to receive placebo or aficamten in up to 4 individually titrated escalating doses (5-20 mg daily) over 24 weeks based on Valsalva LVOT gradients and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

The impact of time-restricted eating on beta-cell function in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized cross-over trial.

Objective: Time-restricted eating (TRE) which consists of restricting the eating window to typically 4-8h (while fasting for the remaining hours of the day) has been proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy with cardio-metabolic benefits but little is known about its metabolic impact in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We evaluated whether TRE can improve pancreatic beta-cell function and metabolic status in overweight individuals with early T2DM.

Research Design And Methods: In a randomized cross-over trial, 39 participants [mean 2.

Introduction of the donor centre virtual crossmatch in Eurotransplant.

On 24 January 2023, Eurotransplant has introduced the virtual crossmatch for kidney and pancreas allocation as a better alternative for the physical Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC) crossmatches at the donor centre, which were associated with a longer cold ischaemia time and false positive reactions. For the time being, the physical CDC crossmatch at the recipient centre will remain in place as the final histocompatibility check. While Eurotransplant is certainly not the first organ allocation organisation to introduce virtual crossmatching, several novel aspects have been introduced, such as calculation of the virtual panel reactive antibody (vPRA) on 11 loci at the second-field level in addition to the serological broad and split level, electronic HLA typing data transmission using Histoimmunogenetics Markup Language (HML) file format, and the actual virtual crossmatch based on ambiguous, second-field HLA typing of the donor on all 11 loci.