lncRNAs in Non-Malignant Tissue Have Prognostic Value in Colorectal Cancer.

Although colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cause of cancer related death in Europe, clinically relevant biomarkers for therapy guidance and prognosis are insufficiently reliable. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNAs over 200 nucleotides long that are not translated into proteins but can influence biological processes. There is emerging evidence for their involvement in solid cancer as oncogenes, tumour suppressors or regulators of cell proliferation and metastasis development.

Improving the production of monensin by Streptomyces cinnamonensis.

The production of monensin by Streptomyces cinnamonensis was increased by genetic improvement of the strain and by modification of cultivation conditions. The selection of a suitable strain and optimization of the fermentation process (temperature, aeration, addition of esters of oleic acid) resulted in a 30 fold increase of the monensin production.

Effect of aeration efficiency and carbon source on the production of anthracyclines in Streptomyces galilaeus.

Biosynthesis of anthracyclines in Streptomyces galilaeus during submerged cultivation is considerably influenced by aeration and by the concentration of glucose in the medium. At higher values of oxygen absorption rate both the production of epsilon-pyrromycinone glycosides in the wild strain JA 3043 and its production mutant G-167 and accumulation of free epsilon-pyrromycinone in the blocked mutant G-162 were found to be higher; the production of 7-deoxyaglycones was lower in all strains. The studied strains differed in the rate of glucose consumption and in the ability to utilize starch for the biosynthesis of anthracyclines.

Growth and production of anthracyclines in wild-type and mutant strains of Streptomyces galilaeus.

The course of growth curves with respect to the biosynthesis of anthracyclines was followed in the wild low-producing strain Streptomyces galilaeus JA 3043 and in its mutants G-167 (producing increased quantities of glycosides of epsilon-pyrromycinone) and J-14 (accumulating free epsilon-pyrromycinone). A two-phase type of fermentation (growth phase, production phase) was observed in strains JA 3043 and J-14. The maximum production of anthracyclines occurred only after the end of intense growth of the culture.

Biotransformations of anthracyclinones in Streptomyces coeruleorubidus and Streptomyces galilaeus.

The ability to transorm biologically exogenous daunomycinone, 13-dihydrodaunomycinone, aklavinone, 7-deoxyaklavinone, epsilon-rhodomycinone, epsilon-isorhodomycinone and epsilon-pyrromycinone was studied in submerged cultures of the following strains: wild Streptomyces coeruleorubidus JA 10092 (W1) and its improved variants 39-146 and 84-17 (type P1) producing glycosides of daunomycinone and of 13-dihydrodaunomycinone, together with epsilon-rhodomycinone, 13-dihydrodaunomycinone and 7-deoxy-13-dihydrodaunomycinone; in five mutant types of S. coeruleorubidus (A, B, C, D, E) blocked in the biosynthesis of glycosides and differing in the production of free anthracyclinones; in the wild Streptomyces galilaeus JA 3043 (W2) and its improved variant G-167 (P2) producing glycosides of epsilon-pyrromycinone and of aklavinone together with 7-deoxy and bisanhydro derivatives of both aglycones; in two mutant types S. galilaeus (F and G) blocked in biosynthesis of glycosides and differing in the occurrence of anthracyclinones.

The effect of 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid on the biosynthesis of anthracyclines in Streptomyces galilaeus.

5,5-Diethylbarbituric acid (barbital) stimulates the production of anthracycline antibiotics called galirubins in Streptomyces galilaeus in dependence on the strain, concentration and cultivation conditions. The stimulation is more pronounced (up to 300%) in the low-producing strain than in the production mutant. Under conditions of limited aeration the effect of barbital is increased in both strains.