Replacement of Arabidopsis H2A.Z with human H2A.Z orthologs reveals extensive functional conservation and limited importance of the N-terminal tail sequence for Arabidopsis development.

The incorporation of histone variants, distinct paralogs of core histones, into chromatin affects all DNA-templated processes in the cell, including the regulation of transcription. In recent years, much research has been focused on H2A.Z, an evolutionarily conserved H2A variant found in all eukaryotes.

Emergent colectomy for colorectal cancer: A comparative analysis of open vs. minimally invasive approach.

Introduction: Emergent surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality and outcomes differ by surgical approach.

Methods: Our study compares short-term surgical outcomes of patients undergoing emergent colectomy for CRC using the open vs minimally invasive (MIS) approach. We performed a four-year review (2012-2015) of the ACS-NSQIP Colectomy dataset and included all adult patients with CRC who underwent emergent surgical intervention.

The VIL gene CRAWLING ELEPHANT controls maturation and differentiation in tomato via polycomb silencing.

VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE (VIL) proteins are PHD-finger proteins that recruit the repressor complex Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) to the promoters of target genes. Most known VIL targets are flowering repressor genes. Here, we show that the tomato VIL gene CRAWLING ELEPHANT (CREL) promotes differentiation throughout plant development by facilitating the trimethylation of Histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3).

Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein, COMP may be a Better Prognostic Marker Than CEACAM5 and Correlates With Colon Cancer Molecular Subtypes, Tumor Aggressiveness and Overall Survival.

Background: New tumor biomarkers are needed to improve the management of colon cancer (CC), the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA), the translated protein of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) gene, is used as a biomarker for CC. Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) is overexpressed in CC compared to normal colon tissues.

The role of preoperative anemia in patients undergoing colectomy for diverticular disease: does surgical urgency matter?

Purpose: Surgery especially in the emergent setting carries higher rates of morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of preoperative anemia on outcomes for patients undergoing colectomy for acute diverticulitis in both elective and emergent settings.

Methods: We performed a 4-year analysis of the ACS-NSQIP and included adult patients with acute diverticulitis who underwent colectomy.

Strain-Dependent RstA Regulation of Clostridioides difficile Toxin Production and Sporulation.

The anaerobic spore former causes significant diarrheal disease in humans and other mammals. Infection begins with the ingestion of dormant spores, which subsequently germinate within the host gastrointestinal tract. There, the vegetative cells proliferate and secrete two exotoxins, TcdA and TcdB, which cause disease symptoms.

Effect of the outer stent position on efficacy after minimally invasive transscleral glaucoma gel stent implantation.

Purpose: The outer stent lumen can be located either deeper (in or under Tenon's layer) or more superficially in the conjunctival stroma after the transscleral XEN Glaucoma Gel Microstent (XEN-GGM; Allergan Plc., USA) implantation. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the postoperative conjunctival implant position on surgical success and intraocular pressure (IOP) after XEN-GGM.

Longitudinal bleb morphology in anterior segment OCT after minimally invasive transscleral ab interno Glaucoma Gel Microstent implantation.

Purpose: Like the classic trabeculectomy, the minimally invasive, ab interno XEN Glaucoma Gel Microstent (XEN-GGM) creates a filtration bleb in the conjunctiva. The goal of this study was to investigate internal bleb morphology over time with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) after XEN-GGM implantation.

Methods: In a prospective, single-centre, single-armed cohort study, blebs were characterized using AS-OCT in 78 eyes of 60 patients at day 1, at weeks 1 and 2 and at months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 after XEN-GGM implantation in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

ATXN1L, CIC, and ETS Transcription Factors Modulate Sensitivity to MAPK Pathway Inhibition.

Intrinsic resistance and RTK-RAS-MAPK pathway reactivation has limited the effectiveness of MEK and RAF inhibitors (MAPKi) in RAS- and RAF-mutant cancers. To identify genes that modulate sensitivity to MAPKi, we performed genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screens in two KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer cell lines treated with the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib. Loss of CIC, a transcriptional repressor of ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5, promoted survival in the setting of MAPKi in cancer cells derived from several lineages.

KEAP1 loss modulates sensitivity to kinase targeted therapy in lung cancer.

Inhibitors that target the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway have led to clinical responses in lung and other cancers, but some patients fail to respond and in those that do resistance inevitably occurs (Balak et al., 2006; Kosaka et al., 2006; Rudin et al.

Visual, aberrometric, photic phenomena, and patient satisfaction after myopic wavefront-guided LASIK using a high-resolution aberrometer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the visual, refractive, and aberrometric outcomes as well as the level of patient satisfaction and photic phenomena after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery using wavefront-guided (WFG) ablations based on measurements obtained with a high-resolution aberrometer.

Patients And Methods: This study was a prospective analysis including 253 eyes of 127 patients (aged between 19 years and 54 years) undergoing WFG LASIK using the STAR S4 IR Excimer Laser System combined with the iDesign System and iFS Femtosecond Laser. Visual, refractive, and aberrometric outcomes during a 2-month follow-up as well as patient satisfaction and photic phenomena were evaluated by means of a questionnaire.

Comparison of short-term refractive surgery outcomes after wavefront-guided versus non-wavefront-guided LASIK.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare visual and refractive outcomes after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery for the correction of myopia or myopic astigmatism using 3 different treatment protocols.

Methods: We included 736 eyes of 369 patients (age 18-62 years) divided into 3 groups: 235 eyes of 118 patients (MEL80 group) undergoing LASIK using optimized aspheric ablation profiles (MEL80 excimer laser; Carl Zeiss Meditec), 248 eyes of 124 patients (Wavescan group) undergoing wavefront-guided (WFG) LASIK (STAR S4IR excimer laser + Wavescan aberrometer; Abbott Medical Optics), and 253 eyes of 127 patients (iDesign group) undergoing WFG LASIK (STAR S4IR excimer laser + iDesign system; Abbott Medical Optics). Visual and refractive outcomes were evaluated 2 months after surgery.

Randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate different intraocular lenses for the surgical compensation of low to moderate-to-high regular corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate vector analysis, rotational stability, and visual outcomes after implantation of toric IOLs with low (<2.25 diopter [D]) toric values (Acrysof IQ SN6AT3 or SN6AT4) and moderate-to-high toric (3.00 D to 6.

Prospective Randomized Intraindividual Comparison of Posterior Capsule Opacification After Implantation of an IOL With and Without Heparin Surface Modification.

Purpose: To compare posterior capsule opacification (PCO) of a hydrophobic acrylic heparin surface modified intraocular lens (HSM-IOL) and an uncoated IOL (UC-IOL) 1 year after implantation.

Methods: One hundred two eyes of 51 patients underwent routine phacoemulsification with randomized implantation of a HSM-IOL in one eye (the HSM-IOL group) and a UC-IOL in the fellow eye (the UC-IOL group). Morphologic PCO evaluation was performed comparing digital photographs in retroillumination using the Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification (EPCO) system, grading the density of the opacification from 0 to 4 (0 = none, 1 = minimal, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, and 4 = severe).

Vector analysis of astigmatism correction after toric intraocular lens implantation.

Purpose: To determine astigmatic changes by vector analysis and postoperative refractive and visual outcomes after implantation of the monofocal aspheric bitoric AT Torbi 709M toric intraocular lens (IOL).

Setting: Three centers in Salzburg, Austria, and Alicante and San Sebastián, Spain.

Design: Prospective interventional case series.

STAT3 acts through pre-existing nucleosome-depleted regions bound by FOS during an epigenetic switch linking inflammation to cancer.

Background: Transient induction of the Src oncoprotein in a non-transformed breast cell line can initiate an epigenetic switch to a cancer cell via a positive feedback loop that involves activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protein (STAT3) and NF-κB transcription factors.

Results: We show that during the transformation process, nucleosome-depleted regions (defined by formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE)) are largely unchanged and that both before and during transformation, STAT3 binds almost exclusively to previously open chromatin regions. Roughly, a third of the transformation-inducible genes require STAT3 for the induction.

Implantable inlay devices for presbyopia: the evidence to date.

By 2020, it is estimated that 2.1 billion people will be presbyopic, and the demand for spectacle independence in this group is growing. This review article provides an overview of the three commercially available corneal inlays for the correction of presbyopia.

Intraindividual aqueous flare comparison after implantation of hydrophobic intraocular lenses with or without a heparin-coated surface.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of a heparin-surface-modified (HSM) hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) (EC-1YH PAL) and the same IOL without heparin coating (EC-1Y-PAL) by the flare and cell intensity in the anterior chamber after uneventful cataract surgery.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.

Design: Comparative case series.

KRAS and YAP1 converge to regulate EMT and tumor survival.

Cancer cells that express oncogenic alleles of RAS typically require sustained expression of the mutant allele for survival, but the molecular basis of this oncogene dependency remains incompletely understood. To identify genes that can functionally substitute for oncogenic RAS, we systematically expressed 15,294 open reading frames in a human KRAS-dependent colon cancer cell line engineered to express an inducible KRAS-specific shRNA. We found 147 genes that promoted survival upon KRAS suppression.

[Results of dacryocystorhinostomy according to Toti from 2000 to 2012].

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the efficiency, long-term success, patient satisfaction and recurrence rate after dacryocystorhinostomy according to Toti in a retrospective analysis.

Material And Methods: At the Eye Clinic of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg 188 eyes of 176 patients with stenosis/obstruction of lacrimal duct were surgically treated between January 2000 and December 2012. Of these patients 173 eyes had no surgery before DCR according to Toti and 15 eyes had already been operated with diverse dacryocystorhinostomies.