[Status of the monooxygenase enzyme system in rat and rabbit organs in sugar diabetes and upon insulin administration].

Content of cytochromes P450 and b5, activities of amidopyrine-N-demethylase, alanine- and p-nitrophenol hydroxylases, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase were studied in the liver, kidney, small intestine and lung tissues of rats and rabbits in insulin-dependent hypoglycemia and alloxan diabetes. The diabetes and hypoglycemia caused dissimilar alterations in activity of alanine- and p-nitrophenol hydroxylases, thus indicating their dependence on blood sugar levels. The activity of monooxygenase enzymes studied was altered similarly in rabbit liver and other tissues, while the enzymatic activity was distinctly differentiated in rat tissues.

[Change in the drug-metabolizing function of the liver in patients in the postoperative period in relation to the type of anesthesia].

Anesthesia-dependent changes in pharmaco-metabolic liver function have been studied in patients operated on for cosmetic facial defects. It has been established that the postoperative period in patients subjected intraoperatively to general combined anesthesia and controlled lung ventilation was characterized by inhibited drug metabolism in the liver, which required correction of the drug doses to reduce the risk of side and toxic effects of pharmacotherapy. Patients operated on under local procaine anesthesia had no considerable changes in pharmaco-metabolic liver function in the postoperative period.

[The metabolism of drugs and endogenous substrates in the organs of rabbits following partial hepatectomy and liver ischemia].

The intensity of metabolism of hexenal, amidopyrine, phenacetin, promedol, acetone, hydrocortisone, testosterone and prostaglandin E2 by the isolated microsomes of the liver, kidneys, small intestinal mucosa and lungs was studied polarographically by the rate of oxygen absorption in experiments on 20 male rabbits four days following partial hepatectomy and liver ischemia. It was found that with both models of the liver damage there was observed a decrease of metabolism of amidopyrine, hexenal, phenacetin and an increase of metabolism of hydrocortisone and prostaglandin E2. In the lungs one could observe an increase of metabolism of the studies drugs following hepatectomy and its inhibition in liver ischemia.

[The use of benzonal and saparal in the combined therapy of patients with acute inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial area].

The efficacy of inductors and adaptogens (benzonal and saparal) in combined therapy of patients with acute maxillofacial inflammations was investigated. These agents were conducive to shortening of the treatment periods and prevented complications (chronic osteomyelitis). A sooner recovery of the disordered homeostatic constants of the body (microsomal monoxygenase activities, acetylation processes, nonspecific resistance, leukocytic index of intoxication) was achieved.

[The detoxifying function of the liver following its partial denervation in rats with different autonomic reactivities].

In male rats divided into two groups by their vegetative reactivity ("vagotonics" and "sympathicotonics"), the effect of liver denervation on activity of the monoxygenase enzyme system of the hepatocytes responsible for the hepatic detoxication potential, was studied. The hepatic denervation led to uneven decrease in microsomal monoxygenase enzymes activity in animals with different vegetative reactivity.

[The liver detoxification function and the nature of the adaptive reactions in patients of different ages with inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial area].

Liver monooxygenase system activity, responsible for liver detoxication, was examined with the use of antipyrin test in children and adults suffering from maxillofacial inflammations, as was their nonspecific resistance of the body. The findings evidence that inflammatory diseases are associated with a considerable reduction of the body nonspecific resistance and with depression of the liver monooxygenase system, most marked in acute inflammations. The severity of liver detoxication function disorder is in inverse relationship with the status of the body nonspecific resistance; this factor essentially influences the length of therapy.

[The function of the microsomal oxidative system of different organs in guinea pigs administered ethanol].

The microsomal cytochrome content and enzyme activity has been determined in liver, kidney, lungs and intestinal mucous from guinea pig males which were injected 25% ethanol intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 g per 1 kg of body mass. The changes in cytochrome P-450 and b5 content, amidopyrine-N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, p-nitrophenol hydroxylase. NADP.

[Detoxification function of the liver and body resistance in patients with acute intestinal obstruction].

The authors studied the unspecific resistance of the organism according to the ratio of the formed elements of the blood, the detoxification function of the liver by the antipyrine test and evaluation of the acetylation capacity, as well as the leukocyte intoxication index in 42 patients with various types of acute ileus (obstructive, strangulation, dynamic). Ileus was found to reduce the unspecific resistance and the acetylation capacity of the patient's organism with the increased leukocyte intoxication index. In patients with obstructive ileus the antipyrine half-life was increased and was not normalized during treatment.

[The role of the parasympathetic nervous system in the regulation of microsomal monooxygenase activity in the liver of rats].

The effect of vegetative nervous system activation or depression (subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, atropine, proserine and acetylcholine treatments) on the hepatic microsomal enzymes activities has been studied on Wistar male rats. It is found, that hepatic denervation and atropine treatment decreased cytochrome P450 content and aniline hydroxylase activity. Proserine and acetylcholine induced an opposite effect.

[Nonspecific body resistance in the acetylator phenotype of patients with odontogenic inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial area].

Nonspecific resistance of the body, intensity of acetylation processes, and acetylator phenotype were studied in adults and children aged 3 to 16, suffering from maxillofacial odontogenic inflammations. The findings evidence that irrespective of the patient's age, development of maxillofacial inflammations is associated with a reduction of the body nonspecific resistance and of acetylation processes intensity, this reduction being the most marked in the patients with acute and chronic osteomyelitis. Patients with the slow acetylation type predominated among the examinees, permitting a hypothesis that this acetylation type favors the development of odontogenic inflammations.

[The detoxifying function of the liver in acute experimental intestinal obstruction].

The detoxifying function of the liver was studied in experiments on male rats with acute obstructive and strangulation ileus. Irrespective of its type, acute ileus was attended by marked diminution of hepatic detoxifying function the underlying factor of which was inhibited activity of the main microsomal enzymes and reduced content of cytochromes p50 and b5 in the liver. Intoxication of the organism and hypoxia developing in the liver were among the causes of inhibited activity of the microsomal enzymes.

[The state of the microsomal oxidative system in the rat liver during fecal peritonitis].

Content and activity of cytochrome P-450, activity of main microsomal enzymes as well as content of glycogen, lactic and pyruvic acids were studied in liver tissue of rats within 24, 48 and 72 hrs after simulation of acute fecal peritonitis. Inhibition of the enzymatic activity of microsomal oxidative system correlated with hypoxia which developed in liver tissue within all the periods of acute fecal peritonitis studied. At the same time, catalytic activity of cytochrome P-450 was increased towards substrates of the I and II types.

[The correction of disorders in the microsomal oxidation system of the liver in experimental acute liver failure].

The effect of inductors and hepatic protectors on the detoxification function of the liver was studied in male rats with acute renal insufficiency (ARI). All the agents which were studied (phenobarbital, silibor, zixorin) caused an increase in the content of cytochromes P450 and b5 and in the activity of the main microsomal enzymes in the liver of rats with ARI. At the same time the survival of animals with ARI increased.

[The mono-oxygenase enzyme system of the liver in patients with true eczema].

Correlations between the clinical course of true eczema and liver monooxigenase system, assessed by antipyrine test, were investigated in patients suffering from the condition. The findings evidence that antipyrine half-life period is prolonged in the patients vs. the reference subjects.

[The detoxifying function of the liver following its denervation in rats].

The content of cytochrome P450 and b5 as well as basic microsomal enzymatic activity were studied in the liver of mixed male rats within 7 days of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and/or large and small sympathetic nerves cutting. A decrease in the content of cytochromes and amidopyrine-N-demethylase, aniline-hydroxylase and MADP-H-cytochrome-c-reductase activity was discovered both in the vagotomy and in the sympathectomy. A total denervation of the liver leads to a more significant suppression of enzymatic activity.

[The effect of furanocoumarins on microsomal oxidation in the rat liver].

Puvalen and psoberan are inhibitors of monoxygenase enzyme system activity of the liver. Puvalen exerts the biphase effect on the system, so it may be referred to such classic inhibitors as SKF-525A and pyperonil butoxide. Psoberan does not exert the biphase effect on the monoxygenase system that is apparently connected with its negative action on biomembrane structure of hepatocytes.

[The status of the monooxygenase enzyme system of the liver in Salmonella infection in rats].

Content and activity of microsomal cytochromes P450 and b5, amidopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, NADPH cytochrome c reductase were studied in liver tissue of rats with salmonelliasis. Distinct inhibition of the liver monooxygenase enzymatic system was detected during the acute period of the disease; its normalization was complete within the reconvalescence period. Endotoxinemia appears to be mainly responsible for alterations in the microsomal enzymes activity observed.

[Emotional behavior and correlation of the processes of membrane and cavity digestion in rats].

Depending on the rats emotional background, unequal invertase and monoglyceride-lipase activity was found which did not correlate with the intensity of synthesis of these enzymes in the enterocytes but depended on the stability or mobility of the enzyme molecules in lipid membranes. The differences found in the amylase activity in the colon homogenates were, probably, connected with different intensity of pancreatic alpha-amylase restoration and own intestine gamma-amylase synthesis.

[Characteristics of biochemical processes of the liver in rats with various types of open-field behavior].

Respiration and phosphorylation of liver mitochondria, lipid spectrum of the blood serum activity of hepatocytes main microsomal enzymes were studied in outbred rats with various emotionality. It was found that in low-emotional rats, the intensity of phosphorylation processes in liver mitochondria and enzymes activity of hematocytes microsomal oxidative system responsible for detoxication processes,-- was significantly higher than in low-emotional animals. Analogous differences were found in the lipid blood spectrum and in liver mitochondria antioxidant activity of animals with different emotionality.

[Pharmacokinetic characteristics of drug substance in liver denervation].

In experiments on male rats the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine, hexenal and phenylbutazone was studied 7 days after the liver denervation produced by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, sympathotomy and their combination. It was found that in all variants of the liver denervation there occurs an increase of the period of half-life and a decrease of clearance of the drugs. As the liver denervation practically does not change the degree of protein binding and the hepatic blood flow velocity, it is thought that suppression of the drug biotransformation in hepatocytes due to suppression of the activity of enzymes of their microsomal oxidative system underlies changes in the pharmacokinetics of drugs.

[The typological characteristics of the nervous system and the autonomic tonus of patients with true eczema].

Studies of the clinical course of true eczema and of the therapy efficacy, as well as of the typologic features of the nervous system and the vegetative tone have shown that the therapy efficacy is much lower and the exacerbation of the dermatosis is longer in the subjects with a weak-type nervous system and sympatheticotonia than in those with a strong-type nervous system and vagotonia.

[The main pathogenetic mechanisms of disorders of the detoxication function of the liver in endogenous toxemia of various etiologies].

The mechanisms of cell proliferative activity regulation under the effect of growth factors, mitogens, virus transformation, etc. were analyzed. Changes in the location of cAMP-dependent protein kinase caused by these factors, the effect of the nerve growth factor on the activities of protein kinase and high-affinity ATPase, and the mechanism of antiproliferative action of staphylococcal enterotoxin A were specified.