3-Sulfopropyl acrylate potassium-based polyelectrolyte hydrogels: sterilizable synthetic material for biomedical application.

Hydrogels are extensively used in the biomedical field due to their highly valued properties, biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity and resistance to rheological stress. However, determining an efficient sterilization protocol that does not compromise the functional properties of hydrogels is one of the challenges researchers face when developing a material for a medical application. In this work, conventional sterilization methods (steam-, radiation- and gas sterilization) were investigated regarding the influence on the degree of swelling, mechanical performance and chemical effects on the poly 3-sulfopropyl acrylate potassium (pAESO) hydrogel, which is a promising representative for biomedical engineering applications.

Correction: 3D printed and stimulus responsive drug delivery systems based on synthetic polyelectrolyte hydrogels manufactured digital light processing.

Correction for '3D printed and stimulus responsive drug delivery systems based on synthetic polyelectrolyte hydrogels manufactured digital light processing' by Sonja Vaupel , 2023, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3tb00285c.

3D printed and stimulus responsive drug delivery systems based on synthetic polyelectrolyte hydrogels manufactured digital light processing.

Hydrogels are three-dimensional hydrophilic polymeric networks absorbing up to and even more than 90 wt% of water. These superabsorbent polymers retain their shape during the swelling process while enlarging their volume and mass. In addition to their swelling behavior, hydrogels can possess other interesting properties, such as biocompatibility, good rheological behavior, or even antimicrobial activity.

Swelling and Mechanical Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels as Potential Synthetic Cartilage Substitute Materials.

Hydrogels have become an increasingly interesting topic in numerous fields of application. In addition to their use as immobilization matrixes in (bio)catalysis, they are widely used in the medical sector, e.g.

B(CF)-Catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of esters and organic carbonates towards alcohols with ammonia borane.

Herein, we report an efficient metal-free system for the transfer hydrogenation of esters and carbonates by-passing the otherwise ubiquitous formation of transesterification side-products. The Lewis acid B(CF) is used as catalyst and ammonia borane as hydrogen donor. This methodology shows broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance in excellent yields at very mild conditions.

Swelling and Diffusion in Polymerized Ionic Liquids-Based Hydrogels.

Hydrogels are one of the emerging classes of materials in current research. Besides their numerous applications in the medical sector as a drug delivery system or in tissue replacement, they are also suitable as irrigation components or as immobilization matrices in catalysis. For optimal application of these compounds, knowledge of the swelling properties and the diffusion mechanisms occurring in the gels is mandatory.

UV-Polymerized Vinylimidazolium Ionic Liquids for Permselective Membranes.

Ionic liquids are highly charged compounds with increasing applications in material science. A universal approach to synthesize free-standing, vinylalkylimidazolium bromide-containing membranes with an adjustable thickness is presented. By the variation of alkyl side chains, membrane characteristics such as flux and mechanical properties can be adjusted.

Coagulation using organic carbonates opens up a sustainable route towards regenerated cellulose films.

Due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility and sustainable nature, regenerated cellulose (RC) films are of enormous relevance for green applications including medicinal, environmental and separation technologies. However, the processes used so far are very hazardous to the environment and health. Here, we disclose a simple, fast, environmentally friendly, nontoxic and cost-effective processing method for preparing RC films.

Ion Exchange Controlled Drug Release from Polymerized Ionic Liquids.

In this work ion functionalized hydrogels as potent drug delivery systems are presented. The ion functionalization of the hydrogel enables the retention of ionic drug molecules and thus a reduction of burst release effects. Timolol maleate in combination with polymerized anionic 3-sulfopropylmethacrylate potassium and ibuprofen combined with cationic poly-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride are investigated in respect to their drug release profile.

The Role of Reaction Engineering in Bioprocess Development.

This short review highlights the role of reaction engineering as a tool for bioprocess development. Selected examples are discussed that demonstrate the need to understand thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the reaction system in order to identify potential bottlenecks. For coupled enzyme systems and reaction cascades modelling as well as selection of suitable reactor configurations is discussed.

Swelling characteristics and biocompatibility of ionic liquid based hydrogels for biomedical applications.

Polymers are commonly used in medical device manufacturing, e.g. for drug delivery systems, bone substitutes and stent coatings.

Synthesis of novel carbohydrate based pyridinium ionic liquids and cytotoxicity of ionic liquids for mammalian cells.

The large pool of naturally occurring carbohydrates with their diversity in chirality and structure led to the idea of a systematic investigation of carbohydrate based ILs. To this end, we investigated the influence of different ether groups, mainly methyl or ethyl ether, on the secondary OH groups as well as different configurations on physical properties such as melting point, thermostability and especially the influence on cell toxicity. For this investigation we chose α- and β-methyl-, β-allyl- and β-phenyl d-glucopyranose as well as four 1-deoxy-pentoses.

Low-Melting Manganese (II)-Based Ionic Liquids: Syntheses, Structures, Properties and Influence of Trace Impurities.

The synthesis of more than 10 new magnetic ionic liquids with [Mn] anions, = Cl, NCS, NCO, is presented. Detailed structural information through single-crystal X-ray diffraction is given for (DMDIm)[Mn(NCS)], (BnEtN)[Mn(NCS)], and {(PhP)N}[Mn(NCO)]·0.6HO, respectively.

Exhaled nitric oxide can't replace the methacholine challenge in suspected pediatric asthma.

Background: In adults, measurement of FNO has been recently suggested as a substitute for the methacholine challenge test (MCT) for diagnosis of asthma. This study aimed to evaluate whether FeNO is a substitute for MCH also in children with suspicious asthma.

Methods: During a single visit steroid naive children (5-17 years) with suspicious asthma underwent skin prick test (SPT), FNO measurement and spirometry prior and during MCT (one concentration procedure).

Development of Ionic Liquid-Water-Based Thermomorphic Solvent (TMS)-Systems for Biocatalytic Reactions.

The applicability of ionic liquid-water-based thermomorphic solvent (TMS)-systems with an upper critical solution temperature for homogeneous biocatalysis is investigated. Cholinium- and imidazolium-based ionic liquids are used to facilitate a temperature-dependent phase change, which can be easily fine-tuned by adding salts or polar organic solvents. Within the TMS-system, a high enzymatic activity and subsequent full conversion is achieved in the intermittent monophasic reaction system of the TMS-system.

The Effect of Additives on the Viscosity and Dissolution of Cellulose in Tetrabutylphosphonium Hydroxide.

An electrolyte solution of tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide (TBPH) in water can dissolve over 20 wt % of cellulose in minutes and therefore constitutes a promising alternative green solvent system compared to known imidazolium- or dimethylacetamide-based systems. Overcoming the disadvantage of the extremely high viscosity of TBPH/cellulose solutions can facilitate their use for various applications. In this study, the application of cosolvents for the reduction, and thus adjustability, of the viscosity is addressed.

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress and protein misfolding in disorders of the liver and pancreas.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of synthesis and folding of membrane and secretory proteins. The fraction of protein passing through the ER represents a large proportion of the total protein in the cell. Protein folding, glycosylation, sorting and transport are essential tasks of the ER and a compromised ER folding network has been recognized to be a key component in the disease pathogenicity of common neurodegenerative, metabolic and malignant diseases.

Effects of a common pharmaceutical, atorvastatin, on energy metabolism and detoxification mechanisms of a marine bivalve Mytilus edulis.

Biologically active compounds from pharmaceuticals cause concern due to their common occurrence in water and sediments of urbanized coasts and potential threat to marine organisms. Atorvastatin (ATO), a globally prescribed drug, is environmentally stable and bioavailable to marine organisms; however, the physiological and toxic effects of this drug on ecologically important coastal species are yet to be elucidated. We studied the effect of ATO (˜1.

Recent developments in biocatalysis in multiphasic ionic liquid reaction systems.

Ionic liquids are well known and frequently used 'designer solvents' for biocatalytic reactions. This review highlights recent achievements in the field of multiphasic ionic liquid-based reaction concepts. It covers classical biphasic systems including supported ionic liquid phases, thermo-regulated multi-component solvent systems (TMS) and polymerized ionic liquids.

Quantification of amino acids and peptides in an ionic liquid based aqueous two-phase system by LC-MS analysis.

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) occur by the mixture of two polymers or a polymer and an inorganic salt in water. It was shown that not only polymers but also ionic liquids in combination with inorganic cosmotrophic salts are able to build ATPS. Suitable for the formation of ionic liquid-based ATPS systems are hydrophilic water miscible ionic liquids.

Recent Developments in the Preparation of Silicones with Antimicrobial Properties.

This Focus Review describes state-of-the-art methods for the preparation of antimicrobial silicones. Given the diversity of antimicrobial activity and their mechanisms, the performance of these materials is highly dependent on the characteristics of the polymeric matrix. Therefore, different synthetic routes have been developed, such as 1) physical treatments, 2) chemical transformations, and 3) copolymerization.

Simple and Effective Catalyst Separation by New CO -Induced Switchable Organocatalysts.

CO -induced switchable tertiary amine-based organocatalysts were investigated for an efficient catalyst and product separation by its different partitioning between an organic and carbonated water phase. In this case study, the switching ability of eight tertiary amine-based catalysts between the organic and water phase by addition or removal of CO was investigated. Here, the catalyst switched both nearly completely (99.

Downstream processing of serinol from a glycerol-based fermentation broth and transfer to other amine containing molecules.

A possible application of glycerol, which is produced in large amounts as a by-product from the biodiesel industry, is its fermentation to serinol (2-amino-1,3-propanediol), a glycerol derivative. The downstream processing of this glycerol-based fermentation broth was investigated. The challenge of the isolation of serinol was the complex media and the solubility of the desired substance in aqueous media.

Vapor pressure of ionic liquids at low temperatures from AC-chip-calorimetry.

The very low vapor pressure of ionic liquids is challenging to measure. At elevated temperatures the liquids might start to decompose, and at relatively low temperatures the vapor pressure becomes too low to be measured by conventional methods. In this work we developed a highly sensitive method for mass loss determination at temperatures starting from 350 K.

Probing Ion Transfer across Liquid-Liquid Interfaces by Monitoring Collisions of Single Femtoliter Oil Droplets on Ultramicroelectrodes.

We describe a method of observing collisions of single femtoliter (fL) oil (i.e., toluene) droplets that are dispersed in water on an ultramicroelectrode (UME) to probe the ion transfer across the oil/water interface.