[Enoxacin concentrations in serum and in the wall of the colon during colorectal surgery].

For successful prophylaxis of postoperative infections in colorectal surgery the administered antibiotic must reach sufficiently high concentrations in plasma and gut wall. Therefore, in ten patients receiving 400 mg enoxacin orally about 2 h prior to operation (in addition to their routine perioperative intravenous prophylaxis with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid) concentrations of enoxacin were determined by HPLC in plasma (samples were taken at the beginning of operation, time of tissue sampling and each hour during the operation) and in gut wall. We found the following plasma concentrations (mean +/- S.

[Bronchopulmonary penetration of enoxacin].

We analysed enoxacin concentrations in plasma, saliva, bronchial secretions, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and alveolar macrophages in nine patients five hours after the last dose (400 mg enoxacin b.i.d.

[Bactericidal activity of enoxacin and ciprofloxacin in body fluids].

Until present studies are lacking which investigate the bactericidal activity of new quinolones in body fluids. Therefore, we determined bactericidal titers of enoxacin (en) and ciprofloxacin (cip) against a typical pathogen in urinary tract infections (Escherichia coli) in urine and against a typical pathogen in respiratory tract infections (Streptococcus pyogenes) in sputum, in each case at the time of peak and trough levels (In vitro data of the test strains: E. coli - MICen = 0.

Influence of gastrostomy on the colonization of the stomach: impact on neonatal septicaemia.

Quantitative bacterial counts were carried out on 161 gastric aspirates of 65 neonates with gastrostomy. In comparison to 101 controls--cultures of premature infants without gastrostomy--Enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, Pseudomonas and Candida were found far more frequently (p less than 0.01).

Follow-up studies in 50 totally colectomised children.

We report on 50 totally colectomised children, most of whom suffered from Hirschsprung's disease. Of the 50, one child died postoperatively of enteritis. On an average, the children were re-examined 5 1/2 years after the colectomy.

[Possibilities for conservative therapy in incontinence following anal atresia].

After a short representation of the pathophysiology of incontinence following operation of anal atresia the possibilities of dietetic, medicamental, physiotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic therapy are discussed.

[Bacterial colonization of the stomach in newborn infants with gastrostomy].

Quantitative bacterial cultures were carried out in 137 gastric aspirates of 52 neonates with gastrostomies due to intestinal malformations. In 28% there was no growth of any organism, in 72% we found one to four bacterial species. Most often enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus epidermidis and candida albicans could be cultured.

[Results of total colectomy in childhood].

In nineteen colectomized children operated for Hirschsprung's disease in most instances, size and weight were within normal ranges about six years after surgery. They passed stools, mostly of pulpy consistence, once to ten-times a day, on average four times a day. Eleven children suffered from continence disturbances.

[Urodynamic investigations of bladder disturbances in imperforate anus and Hirschsprung's disease) (author's transl)].

104 children with imperforate anus and 68 children with megacolon congenitum were subjected to careful analysis in respect of postoperative incontinence of urine. This was observed in 20 patients with imperforate anus (19.2%) and 15 patients with Hirschsprung's disease (22%).

[Experience with surgery for varicocele in childhood (author's transl)].

48 children who underwent high ligature of the internal spermatic vein for varicocele were re-examined. In one patient (2,1%) a hydrocele appeared postoperatively. In 30 boys (62,5%) the varicocele disappeared completely following surgery, in 18 patients (37,5%) the varicocele persisted which was in 9 boys only palpable and in another 9 boys clearly visible.

[Electrostimulation of the neurogenic bladder (author's transl)].

Six children with neurogenic disorders of micturition are stimulated by Katona's method. The evaluation of the clinical and cystometric results carried out every 4 weeks shows the contradictoriness of this method. The clinical results show an unequivocal improvement in micturition behavior, whereas checking the objective cystomanometric results only suggests an increasing tonicity of the detrusor and suppression of the uninhibited detrusor contractions.

[The value and reliability of ano-rectal electromanometry (author's transl)].

2,043 anorectal pressure measurements were performed at our hospital during the past 8 years. A majority of the studies, 1,595 measurements (78.1%), involved the differential diagnosis of chronic constipation.

[Oesophageal atresia type Vogt IIIB with fistula of the distal segment to the cervical trachea, combined with right descending aorta and further malformations (author's transl)].

Presentation of a hitherto unreported variation of oesophageal atresia in a male infant. There was a blind end to the upper segment, the lower was joined to the cervical trachea by a fistula. Both segments were surrounded by a muscle sheath.

[Pediatric problems arising from surgery of the pancreas in childhood (author's transl)].

The annular pancreas which is responsible for one third of the cases of duodenal obstruction plays a central role in pancreatic malformations. Therapy of choice is a duodeno-duodenostomy. Prognosis is deteriorated by frequent premature delivery, Down's syndrome and associated malformations.

[Iatrogenic urinary tract infection in cystometry (author's transl)].

The present paper reviews the risk of infection with particular reference to cystometry. Cystomanometric studies were performed in 71 children with chronic recurrent urinary tract infections and 40 children with neurogenic micturition disorders with meningomyelocele. Our results show that short-term catheterization in cystometry leads to a considerable risk of infection.

[Effect of alpha-blocking agents on the internal anal sphincter muscle].

47 patients with functional chronic constipation associated with an achalasia of the anal sphincter were treated with the alpha blocking agent Phenoxybenzamin. Dosages were used according to the manufacturers' instructions. 29 of the children were completely cured.

[Surgical closing of recto-vaginal, recto-urethral, urethro-vaginal and vesico-cutaneous fistulas by means of interposition of the gracilis muscle].

Ten cases of recto-vestibular, recto-vaginal, recto-urethral, urethro-vaginal, and vesico-cutaneous fistulas in children are reported. The fistula was closed by an interposition of the gracile muscle in every case. No relapse has been observed to date, 1.

Causes of postoperative mortality in anorectal malformations: analysis and conclusions regarding therapy.

We studied 279 cases of rectal malformation in the hospitals of Munich, Berne and Lucerne in order to evaluate the mortality in this condition. 51 children died, an overall mortality of 18.2%.

[Results of inadequate aftercare following surgical correction of proctatresia (author's transl)].

For deep proctatresia, postoperative aftercare consisting of adequate, long-term bougienage is important. On the basis of 10 cases, it was shown that inadequate postoperative bougienage for proctatresia leads to formation of a megacolon and to overflow incontinence. The incontinence can then only be controlled by carrying out a proctectomy and a sigmoidectomy together with surgical formation of the gracilis.