Standardising health history and injury surveillance of participants in endurance events: a modified Delphi consensus statement from the AMSSM runner health consortium.

Endurance events are popular worldwide and have many health benefits. However, runners and Para athletes may sustain musculoskeletal injuries or experience other health consequences from endurance events. The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) Runner Health Consortium aimed to generate consensus-based survey items for use in prospective research to identify risk factors for injuries in runners and Para athletes training and competing in endurance events.

Shared Decision-Making About Returning to Sport After Recovery From Pediatric Concussion: Clinician Perspectives.

Objective: Describe how sports medicine clinicians support decision making about sport participation after concussion recovery with adolescent patients and their parents. Specific areas of inquiry related to how clinicians framed the decision, what factors they considered in how they approached the decision process, and how they navigated discordance within families.

Design: Qualitative study.

Swimming Anatomy and Lower Back Injuries in Competitive Swimmers: A Narrative Review.

Context: Competitive swimmers are at high risk of overuse musculoskeletal injuries due to their high training volumes. Spine injuries are the second most common musculoskeletal injury in swimmers and are often a result of the combination of improper technique, high loads on the spine in strokes that require hyperextension, and repetitive overuse leading to fatigue of the supporting trunk muscles. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence regarding swimming biomechanics, stroke techniques, and common injuries in the lumbar spine to promote a discussion on the prevention and rehabilitation of lower back injuries in competitive swimmers.

Risk Factors for Running-Related Injury in High School and Collegiate Cross-country Runners: A Systematic Review.

To summarize and describe risk factors for running-related injuries (RRIs) among high school and collegiate cross-country runners. Descriptive systematic review. Four databases (Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Cochrane) were searched from inception to August 2023.

Adolescent Running Biomechanics - Implications for Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation.

Global participation in running continues to increase, especially amongst adolescents. Consequently, the number of running-related injuries (RRI) in adolescents is rising. Emerging evidence now suggests that overuse type injuries involving growing bone (e.

Prevalence and factors associated with bone stress injury in middle school runners.

Background: Bone stress injury (BSI) in youth runners is clinically important during times of skeletal growth and is not well studied.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, anatomical distribution, and factors associated with running-related BSI in boy and girl middle school runners.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Running-related injuries in middle school cross-country runners: Prevalence and characteristics of common injuries.

Background: Understanding the prevalence and factors associated with running-related injuries in middle school runners may guide injury prevention.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of running-related injuries and describe factors related to a history of injury.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Musculoskeletal Injuries in Ultra-Endurance Running: A Scoping Review.

Ultra-endurance running (UER) has seen an important increase in participation over the last few decades. Long hours of UER can lead to excessive stress on the body, resulting in musculoskeletal injuries (MSKI). UER is not a uniform sport and events can differ considerably in distance (over 42.

Recommendations on Youth Participation in Ultra-Endurance Running Events: A Consensus Statement.

Participation in ultra-endurance running (UER) events continues to grow across ages, including youth athletes. The 50- and 100-km are the most popular distances among youth athletes. Most youth athletes are between 16-18 years; however, some runners younger than 12 years have successfully completed UER events.

Prospective Observational Study of Weight-based Assessment of Sodium Supplements on Ultramarathon Performance (WASSUP).

Background: Sodium supplements are ubiquitous in endurance running, but their impact on performance has been subjected to much debate. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of sodium supplementation as a weight-based predictor of race performance in ultramarathon runners.

Methods: Prospective observational study during an 80 km (50 mi) stage of a 6-stage 250 km (155 mi) ultramarathon in Chile, Patagonia, Namibia, and Mongolia.

Youth running consensus statement: minimising risk of injury and illness in youth runners.

Despite the worldwide popularity of running as a sport for children, relatively little is known about its impact on injury and illness. Available studies have focused on adolescent athletes, but these findings may not be applicable to preadolescent and pubescent athletes. To date, there are no evidence or consensus-based guidelines identifying risk factors for injury and illness in youth runners, and current recommendations regarding suitable running distances for youth runners at different ages are opinion based.

Effect of Sodium Supplements and Climate on Dysnatremia During Ultramarathon Running.

Objective: Analyze the effect of sodium supplementation, hydration, and climate on dysnatremia in ultramarathon runners.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: The 2017 80 km (50 mile) stage of the 250 km (150 mile) 6-stage RacingThePlanet ultramarathon in 2017 Chilean, Patagonian, and 2018 Namibian, Mongolian, and Chilean deserts.

Pain Is Inevitable But Suffering Is Optional: Relationship of Pain Coping Strategies to Performance in Multistage Ultramarathon Runners.

Introduction: Ultramarathon runners commonly endure musculoskeletal pain during endurance events. However, the effect of pain coping skills on performance has not been examined.

Methods: A prospective observational study during three 250 km (155 mi), 6 stage ultramarathons was conducted.

Accuracy of Estimated Creatinine in Multistage Ultramarathon Runners.

Introduction: Ultramarathon running is increasing in popularity worldwide, as is the growing body of research on these athletes. Multiple studies have examined acute kidney injury through estimated baseline creatinine (Cr) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Values are estimated through an age-based formula of GFR and the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation.

Youth Distance Running: Strategies for Training and Injury Reduction.

Running is a popular sport for children in the United States. However, review of available literature on health effects and safety recommendations for youth running has not been previously conducted. Unique factors for injury include periods of growth during puberty and potential for growth plate injury.

How variability in pain and pain coping relate to pain interference during multistage ultramarathons.

An important and substantial body of literature has established that maladaptive and adaptive coping strategies significantly impact pain-related outcomes. This literature, however, is based primarily on populations with painful injuries and illnesses. Little is known about coping in individuals who experience pain in other contexts and whether coping impacts outcomes in the same way.

GABA alterations in pediatric sport concussion.

Objective: To evaluate whether frontal-lobe magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) would be altered in a sample of adolescents scanned after sport concussion because mild traumatic brain injury is often associated with working memory problems.

Methods: Eleven adolescents (age 14-17 years) who had sustained a first-time sport concussion were studied with MRI/magnetic resonance spectroscopy within 23 to 44 days after injury (mean 30.4 ± 6.

Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia, Hypernatremia, and Hydration Status in Multistage Ultramarathons.

Objective: Dysnatremia and altered hydration status are potentially serious conditions that have not been well studied in multistage ultramarathons. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence and prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) (Na <135 mmol·L) and hypernatremia (Na >145 mmol·L) and hydration status during a multistage ultramarathon.

Methods: This study involved a prospective observational cohort study of runners competing in a 250-km (155-mile) multistage ultramarathon (in the Jordan, Atacama, or Gobi Desert).

Ibuprofen versus placebo effect on acute kidney injury in ultramarathons: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Despite concerns that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) contribute to acute kidney injury (AKI), up to 75% of ultramarathon runners ingest these during competition. The effect of NSAID on AKI incidence in ultramarathon runners is unclear.

Methods: Multisite randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial in the Gobi, Atacama, Ecuador and Sri Lankan deserts to determine whether ibuprofen (400 mg every 4 hours) would be non-inferior to placebo during a 50-mile (80 km) foot race.

Paper Tape Prevents Foot Blisters: A Randomized Prevention Trial Assessing Paper Tape in Endurance Distances II (Pre-TAPED II).

Objective: To determine whether paper tape prevents foot blisters in multistage ultramarathon runners.

Design: Multisite prospective randomized trial.

Setting: The 2014 250-km (155-mile) 6-stage RacingThePlanet ultramarathons in Jordan, Gobi, Madagascar, and Atacama Deserts.

Exercise-Associated Collapse: Is Hyponatremia in Our Head?

Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) is one of the most common causes of exercise-associated collapse. The primary pathogenesis of EAH is largely the result of excessive fluid intake but is influenced by other factors, including hormonal abnormalities (ie, inappropriate arginine vasopressin secretion), renal abnormalities, and mobilization of sodium stores. Early recognition of EAH is crucial to appropriate treatment, because symptoms are varied and may be confused with other causes of exercise-associated collapse.

Running Injuries During Adolescence and Childhood.

The popularity of running among young athletes has significantly increased over the past few decades. As the number of children who participate in running increases, so do the potential number of injuries to this group. Proper care of these athletes includes a thorough understanding of the unique physiology of the skeletally immature athlete and common injuries in this age group.

Incidence and Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury During Multistage Ultramarathons.

Objective: Determine prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) during multistage ultramarathons.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting: Jordanian Desert 2012; Atacama Desert, Chile 2012 and 2013; and Gobi Desert 2013 RacingThePlanet 250 km, 6-stage, ultramarathons.

Medical Care for Swimmers.

Swimming is one of the most popular sports worldwide. Competitive swimming is one of the most watched sports during the Olympic Games. Swimming has unique medical challenges as a result of a variety of environmental and chemical exposures.