[The role of oxidative stress in hemorrhagic stroke and restorative effects of Mexidol].

Objective: Identification of the role of oxidative stress in the development of disorders that occur in hemorrhagic stroke (HS, post-traumatic intracerebral hematoma), and the study of the effects of Mexidol on neurological and cognitive deficits in HS with an analysis of the relationship between the therapeutic effects of the drug in HS with its antioxidant effect.

Material And Methods: The study was carried out on mature outbred male rats weighing 260-280 g. HS was created by destruction of the brain tissue in the area of the , with the introduction of blood into the site of injury.

Behavioral Effects of Dimeric Dipeptide BDNF Mimetic GSB-106 in a Rat Model of Depressive-Like State.

The effects of GSB-106, a low-molecular mimetic of BDNF loop 4, that represents a substituted dimeric dipeptide bis (N-monosuccinyl-L-seryl-L-lysine) hexamethylenediamide, on cognitive and motor impairments in a model of a depressive-like state in rats caused by unavoidable electric foot-shock were studied using active avoidance and open-field tests. GSB-106 (0.5 mg/kg, per os, 10 days) completely restored the number of avoidance reactions that was reduced in rats exposed to foot-shock and the percentage of trained rats in active avoidance training.

Original nerve growth factor mimetic dipeptide GK-2 limits the manifestations of hemorrhagic stroke in rats.

The protective effects of a new low-molecular-weight mimetic of nerve growth factor hexamethylene diamide bis-(N-monosuccinyl-L-glutamine-L-lysine; GK-2) were studied on the experimental model of hemorrhagic stroke (intracerebral posttraumatic hematoma) in rats. Intraperitoneal injections of GK-2 in a dose of 1 mg/kg 4 and 24 h after surgery and 24 h before testing the CNS function on days 3, 7, and 14 prevent death of experimental animals, reduce the neurological deficit, and normalized behavior.

[Comparative study of himantane and amantadine effects in experimental intracerebral posttraumatic hematoma].

Effects of the novel antiparkinsonian drug himantane and amantadin were studied in rats with intracerebral posttraumatic hematoma. Drugs were administered first at 3.5 hours after surgery and then for 4 consecutive days.

Neuroprotective properties of afobazole in repeated hemorrhagic stroke modeling in aged rats.

Intraperitoneal administration of afobazole in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg over 2 weeks after repeated modeling of intracerebral post-traumatic hematoma reduces animal mortality, decreases motor coordination disturbances, and improves learning and memory processes in rats.

[Neuroprotective effects of afobazole in a hemorrhagic stroke model].

The model of posttraumatic hematoma was used to imitate the condition of hemorrhagic stroke in rats. Afobazole (5-ethoxy-2-[2-(morpholino)-ethylthio] benzimidazole dihydrochloride) administered in doses of 0.1 and 1.

[Changes in proline-specific peptidase activity in experimental model of retrograde amnesia].

Changes in proline-specific peptidase activity in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were studied using the experimental model of retrograde amnesia in rats. In one group, the amnesia was produced by a single injection of M-cholinergic antagonist scopolamine and the other group received the maximal electroconvulsive stimulation (MES). The amnesic effect was evaluated in passive avoidance test.

[The experimental study of peculiarities and mechanism of neuroprotective action of mexidol in hemorrhagic stroke].

An efficacy of mexidol, a Russian drug of the new generation, used in 100 mkg during 7 days has been demonstrated in rats in the model of experimentally caused intracerebral posttraumatic hematoma (hemorrhagic stroke). The drug significantly reduced the number of neurological impairments (paresis, riding-arena movements) and increased the animal's survival rate. Mexidol improved learning and memory in rats with hemorrhagic stroke in the passive avoidance test and exerted influence on the locomotor activity in the open field test.

[Effect of phenyl-tert-butylnitrone, mexidol and nooglutil on the ischemic lesion zone and memory in rats following middle cerebral artery occlusion].

An ischemic cerebral affection zone amounting to 22.51 +/- 3.0% of the ipsilateral hemisphere volume was found on the frontal brain sections in the frontoparietal cortex of rats 72 h after occlusion of the distal branch of the medial cerebral artery.

[Effect of nooglutil on rats with intracerebral posttraumatic hematoma (hemorrhagic stroke)].

The effect of the new nootropic drug nooglutyl, a positive modulator of AMPA-subtype glutamatergic receptors, was studied in rats with a model hemorrhagic stroke (HS)--posttraumatic hematoma induced by cerebral tissue destruction in the capsule interna region. Single intraperitoneal injections of nooglutyl (10 and 20 mg/kg) 3-4 h after operation decreased the HS-induced neurological deficiency, restored the coordination of movements, improved the passive avoidance reaction retrieval, and prevented the loss of experimental animals. The results show evidence of a pronounced neuroprotector action of nooglutyl in rats with the HS model.

[Spectrum of psychotropic effects and mechanism of action of ultra low doses of the antibodies to S-100 protein (proproten)].

Proproten contains ultra-low doses of affinity purified antibodies to S-100 protein dynamized according to the rules of homeopathy. S-100 is regulator of brain integrative activity and takes part in synaptic processes. In experiment on outbred rats proproten demonstrates significant anxiolytic, antidepressant and antiamnestic effects after single and repeated administration.

[Effect of phenytoin on neurotoxin homocysteine thiolactone-induced convulsions and epileptic status in rats with cobalt-induced epilepsy].

The administration of neurotoxin thiolactone homocysteine in rats with cobalt-induced epileptogenic focus in the sensomotor cortical region led to the development of secondary generalized convulsions and epileptic state. The pattern was analogous to the manifestation of convulsions in epileptic state in humans. Fenitoin (50 mg/kg) inhibited the development of convulsions, arrested the epileptic state, reduced the number and duration of the secondary generalized tonic--clonic attacks, decreased the behavioral manifestations (focal convulsions, lateral position etc.

[The anxiolytic effect of ondansetron and its capacity to eliminate the benzodiazepine abstinence syndrome in rats].

Ondansetron (GR38032F, zofran)--a specific blocker of 5-HT3-receptors in a dose range of 0.05 to 0. mg/kg causes an anxiolytic effect in experiments on mice and rats on a model of elevated plus maze.

Effects of selective catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors on single-trial passive avoidance retention in male rats.

The effects of new selective catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors entacapone (mainly peripheral effect) and tolcapone (acting also in the brain) on normal and impaired cognitive functions were studied in aversively motivated inhibitory avoidance using a single-trial passive avoidance paradigm in young adult rats. Passive avoidance retention latency was shortened by either scopolamine (1.0 mg/kg) or bilateral lesions to nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) caused by infusions of ethylcholine aziridinium (AF64A).