Monopoly on doubt: Post-mortem examinations in Israel, 1950s-1980s.

This article examines the durability of high post-mortem examination rates in Israel between the 1950s-1980s. Previous studies overlooked the issue of medical authority and the social history of autopsy, focusing on policy, technological development, and conflict between science and religion. By contrast, our analysis brings together the medical interest in unlimited research of dead bodies and the power relations between doctors and subaltern groups in Israel.

Exploring Attitudes Toward "Sugar Relationships" Across 87 Countries: A Global Perspective on Exchanges of Resources for Sex and Companionship.

The current study investigates attitudes toward one form of sex for resources: the so-called sugar relationships, which often involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship. The present study examined associations among attitudes toward sugar relationships and relevant variables (e.g.

The Psychological Science Accelerator's COVID-19 rapid-response dataset.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments.

Introduction: Medical Mobilities in the Modern Middle East and North Africa.

This themed section contributes to efforts to conceptualize medical mobility. It does so by observing medical histories within the Middle East while following concrete movements. This focus on what moves and how, rather than on largely static and fixed units of analysis on where to, is central to the studies in this issue.

Medicine and Arabic literary production in the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century.

The selection of nineteenth-century Arabic texts on medical education, medicine and health demonstrates the significant link between the revival of the Arabic language and literary culture of the nineteenth century, known as the , and the introduction of medical education to the Ottoman Empire. These include doctor Ibrahim al-Najjar's autobiographical account of his studies in Cairo (1855), an article by doctor Amin Abi Khatir advising on the health and care of infants (1877), questions and answers in the major popular Arabic journals and (1877-1901) and an article about a new tuberculosis treatment by doctor Anisa Sayba'a (1903). Taken together they contribute to our understanding of the bottom-up production, reproduction and reception of global scientific knowledge, as well as to a social and intellectual history of science.

In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g.

The mental representation of occupational stereotypes is driven as much by their affective as by their semantic content.

Background: Studies on person perception showed that stereotypes can be activated by presenting either characteristic traits of group members, or labels associated to these groups. However, it is not clear whether these pieces of semantic information activate negative and positive stereotypes directly, or via an indirect cognitive pathway leading through brain regions responsible for affective responses. Our main objective with this study was to disentangle the effects of semantic and affective contents.

Ponatinib Exerts an Inhibitory Effect on Collagen-induced Platelet Aggregation and Generation of Coated-Platelets.

Background/aim: BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are exceptionally effective drugs in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, nevertheless, TKIs have also an effect on platelets. We aimed to investigate the effect of a third-generation TKI, ponatinib on platelet functions.

Materials And Methods: Collagen-induced platelet aggregation and coated-platelet formation were examined using in vitro and in ex vivo samples of patients on ponatinib therapy.

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation.

To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?

Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions.

Sibling Relations in Patchwork Families: Co-residence Is More Influential Than Genetic Relatedness.

In "patchwork" families, full siblings, maternal and paternal half-siblings, and non-related children are raised together, and sometimes, genetically related children are separated. As their number is steadily growing, the investigation of the factors that influence within-family relations is becoming more important. Our aim was to explore whether people differentiate between half- and full-siblings in their social relations as implied by the theory of inclusive fitness, and to test whether co-residence or genetic relatedness improves sibling relations to a larger extent.

Determination of Toxins in Sunflower Oil by Liquid Chromatography Isotope Dilution Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

toxins have gained attention as a potential health risk and can be classified as emerging mycotoxins. As a result, they are candidates to be regulated by the European Commission. This paper describes a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for analyzing five toxins in sunflower oil, which is a rather different type of sample to those matrices investigated in earlier published papers.

Arbitrary signals of trustworthiness - social judgments may rely on facial expressions even with experimentally manipulated valence.

Generalization has been suggested as a basic mechanism in forming impressions about unfamiliar people. In this study, we investigated how social evaluations will be transferred to individual faces across contexts and to expressions across individuals. A total of 93 people (33 men, age: M = 29.

Between Colonial, National, and International Medicine: The Case of Bejel.

In the 1920s and 1930s, doctors stationed in the Middle East and North Africa debated whether bejel, a form of endemic syphilis, was an Arab version of syphilis, or a separate disease altogether. Using their clinical experience in the region, they tried to weave this unfamiliar phenomenon into a civilizational narrative, which placed European civilization at the top of a hierarchy. The assumption was that there was something inherent to Islamic societies and their hygienic habits that accounted for this difference.

A quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay for rapid, automated analysis of breast cancer sentinel lymph nodes.

We have previously reported that a quantitative reverse transcription (QRT)-PCR assay accurately analyzes sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) from breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to assess a completely automated, cartridge-based version of the assay for accuracy, predictive value, and reproducibility. The triplex (two markers + control) QRT-PCR assay was incorporated into a single-use cartridge for point-of-care use on the GeneXpert system.

Neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection: a case-control study among privately insured children.

Objective: To assess whether antecedent streptococcal infection(s) increase the risk of subsequent diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette syndrome (TS), other tic disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or major depressive disorder (MDD) in a national sample of privately insured children.

Method: Using health insurance claims data, we compared the prior year's occurrence of streptococcal infection in children ages 4 to 13 years with OCD, TS, or tic disorder newly diagnosed between January 1998 and December 2004 to that of a cohort of matched controls. Conditional logistic regression models were used to determine the association of prior streptococcal sore throat or scarlet fever with a diagnosis of OCD, TS, or tic disorder.

Diffraction of x rays in capillary optics.

Propagation of x rays generated by a small-diameter incoherent source through the capillary waveguide that satisfies the multimode condition is studied with the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory. The strong influence of diffraction on the propagation is demonstrated. The diffraction phenomenon is manifested by the appearance of diffraction fringes in both the guide channel and the far-field zone of the capillary output.

Characterization of microarray gene expression profiles of early stage thyroid tumours.

Background: Microarray analysis offers the opportunity of screening transcriptional expression profile of neoplastic cells on a genomic level. Defining consistent changes in gene expression pattern of tumours enables the detection of genes essential for tumorigenesis and might provide biomarkers to early recognition of malignant behaviour and new therapeutical targets.

Patients And Methods: A high-density oligonucleotide array with 20,000 human gene-specific oligonucleotide was used to analyze benign and early-stage malignant thyroid tumours of epithelial origin: follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma and papillary carcinoma, compared to normal thyroid tissue.

[HLA class I antibody screening and typing in the sera of dialyzed patients with CDC and ELISA techniques: association with graft survival].

Aim: As generally accepted, HLA antibody screening and typing in dialyzed kidney patients are important for the successful outcome of transplantation.

Method: Authors investigated the serum samples of 133 patients from the north-eastern region of Hungary for HLA class I antibodies with complement dependent cytotoxicity(CDC) and solid phase enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA) techniques (Biotest Abscreen and Abident class I), respectively.

Results: The comparison of the results revealed a strong correlation (c2=7,23, p < 0,01) for antibody screening.

Well differentiated thyroid carcinoma is associated with human lymphocyte antigen D-related 11 in Eastern Hungarians: a case of changing circumstances.

Background: Using serologic human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) typing, the authors previously described a strong association between well differentiated thyroid carcinoma and HLA D-related 1 (HLA-DR1) in a population of unselected patients from Eastern Hungary.

Methods: In the current study, the authors used polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism to determine the HLA-DR type in 75 patients with well differentiated thyroid carcinoma from the same area as their previous population, and they compared the current results with the results from a group of 170 healthy controls.

Results: A significant increase in HLA-DR11, rather than HLA-DR1, was observed in patients with well differentiated thyroid carcinoma among a population of patients from the same area that was studied previously.

Oncogene amplification and overexpression of oncoproteins in thyroid papillary cancer.

Background: Several oncogene aberrations have been found in papillary thyroid cancer, the incidence of which has increased after the accident in Chernoby. The occurrence and prognostic significance of these aberrations may have importance in therapeutic strategies.

Materials And Methods: Tumour tissues from 24 patients were investigated by Dot-blot DNA hybridisation for c-myc, Ha-ras amplification and p53 deletion, and by immunohistochemical method for cyclin D1, p53 and p21 overexpression.

Car drivers with epilepsy (Pilot Hungarian EPIMED Database Evaluation).

We investigated aspects of driving among Hungarian patients with epilepsy. Nineteen percent (148/753) of our population had a driving license (DL), including 26% (38/148) who used it. Among persons without a DL, 29% (178/605) desired one.