Dry immersion induced acute low back pain and its relationship with trunk myofascial viscoelastic changes.

Microgravity induces spinal elongation and Low Back Pain (LBP) but the pathophysiology is unknown. Changes in paraspinal muscle viscoelastic properties may play a role. Dry Immersion (DI) is a ground-based microgravity analogue that induces changes in m.

In-hospital electrical muscle stimulation for patients early after heart failure decompensation: results from a prospective randomised controlled pilot trial.

Background: Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is being evaluated as a possible alternative to exercise training to improve functional capacity in severely deconditioned patients with heart failure (HF). However, there is insufficient data on delayed effects of EMS starting early after decompensation. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a short inpatient EMS intervention in severely deconditioned patients with HF on functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) over a follow-up period of 1 month.

Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Tone Impairment under Conditions of Real and Simulated Space Flight.

Kozlovskaya [1] and Grigoriev [2] showed that enormous loss of muscle stiffness (atonia) develops in humans under true (space flight) and simulated microgravity conditions as early as after the first days of exposure. This phenomenon is attributed to the inactivation of slow motor units and called reflectory atonia. However, a lot of evidence indicating that even isolated muscle or a single fiber possesses substantial stiffness was published at the end of the 20th century.

Effect of 5-day dry immersion on the human foot morphology evaluated by computer plantography and soft tissues stiffness measuring.

16 participants have been subjected to Dry Immersion model (DI) for 5 days. DI reproduces the space flight factors such as lack of support, mechanical and axial unloading, physical inactivity, elimination of vertical vascular gradient. Long-term bed rest is also associated with similar factors, so the results of the study may be useful for clinical medicine.

Macro- and microstructural changes in cosmonauts' brains after long-duration spaceflight.

Long-duration spaceflight causes widespread physiological changes, although its effect on brain structure remains poorly understood. In this work, we acquired diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to investigate alterations of white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compositions in each voxel, before, shortly after, and 7 months after long-duration spaceflight. We found increased WM in the cerebellum after spaceflight, providing the first clear evidence of sensorimotor neuroplasticity.

Efficacy of Gradient Compression Garments in the Hours After Long-Duration Spaceflight.

The incidence of presyncopal events is high soon after a long-duration spaceflight;>60% of returning astronauts could not complete a 10-min 80° head-up tilt test on landing day (R+0) after ~6 months of spaceflight. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the ability of a lower body gradient compression garment (GCG) to protect against an excessive increase in heart rate and a decrease in blood pressure during standing after long-duration spaceflight. : Eleven astronauts (9 M, 2 F) volunteered to participate.

Cardiovascular System Under Simulated Weightlessness: Head-Down Bed Rest vs. Dry Immersion.

Background: The most applicable human models of weightlessness are -6° head-down bed rest (HDBR) and head-out dry immersion (DI). A detailed experimental comparison of cardiovascular responses in both models has not yet been carried out, in spite of numerous studies having been performed in each of the models separately.

Objectives: We compared changes in central hemodynamics, autonomic regulation, plasma volume, and water balance induced by -6° HDBR and DI.

Bioinformatic Study of Transcriptome Changes in the Mice Lumbar Spinal Cord After the 30-Day Spaceflight and Subsequent 7-Day Readaptation on Earth: New Insights Into Molecular Mechanisms of the Hypogravity Motor Syndrome.

The hypogravity motor syndrome (HMS) is one of the deleterious impacts of weightlessness on the human body in orbital space missions. There is a hypothesis that disorders of musculoskeletal system as part of HMS arise in consequence of changes in spinal motor neurons. The study was aimed at bioinformatic analysis of transcriptome changes in lumbar spinal cords of mice after a 30-day spaceflight aboard biosatellite Bion-M1 (space group, S) and subsequent 7-day readaptation to the Earth's gravity (recovery group, R) when compared with control mice (C group) housed in simulated biosatellite conditions on the Earth.

Alterations of Functional Brain Connectivity After Long-Duration Spaceflight as Revealed by fMRI.

The present study reports alterations of task-based functional brain connectivity in a group of 11 cosmonauts after a long-duration spaceflight, compared to a healthy control group not involved in the space program. To elicit the postural and locomotor sensorimotor mechanisms that are usually most significantly impaired when space travelers return to Earth, a plantar stimulation paradigm was used in a block design fMRI study. The motor control system activated by the plantar stimulation involved the pre-central and post-central gyri, SMA, SII/operculum, and, to a lesser degree, the insular cortex and cerebellum.

Brain ventricular volume changes induced by long-duration spaceflight.

Long-duration spaceflight induces detrimental changes in human physiology. Its residual effects and mechanisms remain unclear. We prospectively investigated the changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume of the brain ventricular regions in space crew by means of a region of interest analysis on structural brain scans.

Dry Immersion as a Ground-Based Model of Microgravity Physiological Effects.

Dry immersion (DI) is one of the most widely used ground models of microgravity. DI accurately and rapidly reproduces most of physiological effects of short-term space flights. The model simulates such factors of space flight as lack of support, mechanical and axial unloading as well as physical inactivity.

Cellular Responses of Human Postural Muscle to Dry Immersion.

Support withdrawal has been currently considered as one of the main factors involved in regulation of the human locomotor system. For last decades, several authors, including the authors of the present paper, have revealed afferent mechanisms of support perception and introduced the concept of the support afferentation system. The so-called "dry immersion" model which was developed in Russia allows for suspension of subjects in water providing the simulation of the mechanical support withdrawal.

Pre-treatment condition effects on blood pressure and heart rate variability change in patients with arterial hypertension on therapy.

Aim: To study the relationship of the initial clinical and functional state of patients with arterial hypertension (AH) with the dynamics of daily indices of blood pressure (BP) and sinus rhythm on antihypertensive therapy.

Materials And Methods: 38 patients were examined (general clinical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, daily bifunctional monitoring with the determination of weighted average rhythmogram variations - WARV, clinical and biochemical analysis of blood, glycated hemoglobin, thyroid hormones) and distribyted according to the use of hypotensive drugs of main classes and combined therapy AH. Dynamic monitoring of the effectiveness of treatment was carried out (after 2-4 weeks, then every 1-2 months), clinically and with bifunctional monitoring, correction of therapy.

Electrical Spinal Stimulation, and Imagining of Lower Limb Movements to Modulate Brain-Spinal Connectomes That Control Locomotor-Like Behavior.

Neuronal control of stepping movement in healthy human is based on integration between brain, spinal neuronal networks, and sensory signals. It is generally recognized that there are continuously occurring adjustments in the physiological states of supraspinal centers during all routines movements. For example, visual as well as all other sources of information regarding the subject's environment.

Early Deсline in Rat Soleus Passive Tension with Hindlimb Unloading: Inactivation of Cross-bridges or Activation of Calpains?

The study was aimed at testing the hypotheses about the role of cross-bridges and calpains in reduction of rat soleus passive tension under conditions of hindlimb unloading. For this purpose, we used an inhibitor of μ-calpain PD 150606 as well as a blocker of actomyosin interaction (blebbistatin). It was found for the first time that a decrease in passive tension of rat soleus after 3-day hindlimb unloading is associated with the activity of μ-calpain and does not depend on the processes of cross-bridges formation.

Resting State Brain Activity During Long-Term Dry Immersion.

Background: The purpose of this work was to investigate the brain's rhythmic activity during a simulated microgravity condition (namely dry immersion).

Methods: During dry immersion, which lasted for 5 d, nine subjects (healthy men, 20 to 29 yr of age) were individually placed in a tub (2.2 × 1.

ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF WOUND MACROPHAGES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF INTRAVENOUS OZONE THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES AND INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES OF SOFT TISSUES.

Investigation of ultrastructural peculiarities of morpho-functional changes of macrophages have been studied with the purpose of determining the dynamics and thrust of destructive-necrotic processes in these cells when the ischemic-gangrenous form of diabetic foot syndrome develops show what under the influence of intravenous ozone therapy stimulant effect on functional activity and beneficial effect on elimination, mainly due to genetically programmed cell death (apoptosis), playing a significant role in the regulatory mechanisms of the inflammatory process. The stimulation of macrophages functional activity under the influence of ozone, as well as the presence of destructive changes in such cells without necrotizing lesions, is explained by the inclusion of the mechanism of apoptosis as a positive factor in the regulation of local homeostasis at the completion of the inflammatory (exudative) stage of the wound process.

Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase activation in M. soleus under 14-day hindlimb unloading of rats.

Functional unloading of m. soleus of male Wistar rats was found to cause a reduction in protein synthesis. The level of phosphorylation of the translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) and the eEF2 kinase (eEF2k) activity in m.

NEW METHOD OF TREATMENT OF PYOINFLAMMATORY SOFT TISSUE COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS.

Our study evaluated the levels of peroxide oxidation of lipids, oxidative modification of proteins, antioxidant protection and dynamic changes in markers of toxicity in patients with diabetes mellitus and purulent-inflammatory complications. In total, 124 patients were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups according the treatment methods. Study group consisted of 53 patients, who received intravenously ozonized saline in addition to conservative treatment.

Feed-Forwardness of Spinal Networks in Posture and Locomotion.

We present a new perspective on the concept of feed-forward compared to feedback mechanisms for motor control. We propose that conceptually all sensory information in real time provided to the brain and spinal cord can be viewed as a feed-forward phenomenon. We also propose that the spinal cord continually adapts to a broad array of ongoing sensory information that is used to adjust the probability of making timely and predictable decisions of selected networks that will execute a given response.

The effect of spaceflight and microgravity on the human brain.

Microgravity, confinement, isolation, and immobilization are just some of the features astronauts have to cope with during space missions. Consequently, long-duration space travel can have detrimental effects on human physiology. Although research has focused on the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system in particular, the exact impact of spaceflight on the human central nervous system remains to be determined.

EVALUATION OF THE USE OF OZONE THERAPY IN TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES IN DIABETES MELLITUS IN AN EXPERIMENT.

Studying the effect of ozone therapy on the course of pyoinflammatory processes with diabetes mellitus in the experiment, conducted on 30 white 24-30 month rats, weight 300-450 gr with purulent-inflammatory processes, it was found out that diabetes, which was simulated by subcutaneous injection of alloxan, causes mosaic disturbances of hemostasis system in the presence of pyoinflammatory processes. Complicated changes in blood condition were also detected against the background of diabetes mellitus: chronometric hypocoagulation on the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation in association with chronometric hypercoagulation by the external thrombinogenesis mechanism and fibrinogenesis depression against the background of hypofibrinogenaemia. Thus, the use of ozone therapy in the presence of soft tissues abscesses in old rats with diabetes does not demonstrate significant protective properties with reduced azoalbumin lysis, total non-enzymatic fibrinolytic activity and proteinase activity by Kunitz in blood plasma.

[Mehanisms of Influences of Electrical Spinal Cord Stimulation on Autonomic Functions.].

Recently transcutateous electrical spinal cord stimulation began to be used both for experimental studies of motor functions regulation and for rehabilitation of motor functions in patients with spinal cord injury. The spinal cord is a very important center of vital functions regulation and the spinal cord stimulation directed to the activation of spinal locomotor related networks will affect visceral systems as well. This circumstance is necessary to take into account when this new method will be used for rehabilitation as well as for the studies on healthy subjects.