Impact of Anthropogenic Factors on the Diversity of Microbial Communities of PM10 Air and PM100 of L. Phylloplane in an Urban Ecosystem.

Identifying the relationship between the microbiomes of urban dust particles from different biotopes is important because the state of microorganisms can be used to assess the quality of the environment. The aim of this work was to determine the distribution and interaction patterns of microorganisms of dust particles in the air and on leaf surfaces. Metabarcoding of bacterial and fungal communities, PAH, and metal content analyses and electron microscopy were used in this work.

Dendritic cells type 1 control the formation, maintenance, and function of tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are organized immune cell aggregates that arise in chronic inflammatory conditions. In cancer, TLS are associated with better prognosis and enhanced response to immunotherapy, making these structures attractive therapeutic targets. However, the mechanisms regulating TLS formation and maintenance in cancer are incompletely understood.

Preliminary Treatment by Exogenous 24-Epibrassinolide Influences Burning-Induced Electrical Signals and Following Photosynthetic Responses in Pea ( L.).

Long-distance electrical signals (ESs) are an important mechanism of induction of systemic adaptive changes in plants under local action of stressors. ES-induced changes in photosynthesis and transpiration play a key role in these responses increasing plant tolerance to action of adverse factors. As a result, investigating ways of regulating electrical signaling and ES-induced physiological responses is a perspective problem of plant electrophysiology.

Optimization Function for Determining Optimal Dose Range for Beef and Seed Potato Irradiation.

The objective of this study is to develop a universally applicable approach for establishing the optimal dose range for the irradiation of plant and animal products. The approach involves the use of the optimization function for establishing the optimal irradiation dose range for each category of plant and animal product to maximize the suppression of targeted pathogens while preserving the surrounding molecules and biological structures. The proposed function implies that pathogens found in the product can be efficiently suppressed provided that irradiation is performed with the following criteria in mind: a high irradiation dose uniformity, a high probability of irradiation hitting pathogens and controlled heterogeneity of radiobiological sensitivity of pathogens.

Microgravity Effect on Pancreatic Islets.

We previously demonstrated that boundary cap neural crest stem cells (BCs) induce the proliferation of beta-cells in vitro, increase survival of pancreatic islets (PIs) in vivo after transplantation, and themselves strongly increase their proliferation capacity after exposure to space conditions. Therefore, we asked if space conditions can induce the proliferation of beta-cells when PIs are alone or together with BCs in free-floating or 3D-printed form. During the MASER 15 sounding rocket experiment, half of the cells were exposed to 6 min of microgravity (µg), whereas another group of cells were kept in 1 g conditions in a centrifuge onboard.

Precious2GPT: the combination of multiomics pretrained transformer and conditional diffusion for artificial multi-omics multi-species multi-tissue sample generation.

Synthetic data generation in omics mimics real-world biological data, providing alternatives for training and evaluation of genomic analysis tools, controlling differential expression, and exploring data architecture. We previously developed Precious1GPT, a multimodal transformer trained on transcriptomic and methylation data, along with metadata, for predicting biological age and identifying dual-purpose therapeutic targets potentially implicated in aging and age-associated diseases. In this study, we introduce Precious2GPT, a multimodal architecture that integrates Conditional Diffusion (CDiffusion) and decoder-only Multi-omics Pretrained Transformer (MoPT) models trained on gene expression and DNA methylation data.

Effects of microgravity on neural crest stem cells.

Exposure to microgravity (μg) results in a range of systemic changes in the organism, but may also have beneficial cellular effects. In a previous study we detected increased proliferation capacity and upregulation of genes related to proliferation and survival in boundary cap neural crest stem cells (BC) after MASER14 sounding rocket flight compared to ground-based controls. However, whether these changes were due to μg or hypergravity was not clarified.

Volatile Compound Markers in Beef Irradiated with Accelerated Electrons.

This study focuses on the behavior of volatile organic compounds in beef after irradiation with 1 MeV accelerated electrons with doses ranging from 0.25 kGy to 5 kGy to find reliable dose-dependent markers that could be used for establishing an effective dose range for beef irradiation. GC/MS analysis revealed that immediately after irradiation, the chemical yield and accumulation rate of lipid oxidation-derived aldehydes was higher than that of protein oxidation-derived aldehydes.

Red Blood Cell Storage with Xenon: Safe or Disruption?

Xenon, an inert gas commonly used in medicine, has been considered as a potential option for prolonged preservation of donor packed red blood cells (pRBCs) under hypoxic conditions. This study aimed to investigate how xenon affects erythrocyte parameters under prolonged storage. In vitro model experiments were performed using two methods to create hypoxic conditions.

Impairment of Assembly of the Vimentin Intermediate Filaments Leads to Suppression of Formation and Maturation of Focal Contacts and Alteration of the Type of Cellular Protrusions.

Cell migration is largely determined by the type of protrusions formed by the cell. Mesenchymal migration is accomplished by formation of lamellipodia and/or filopodia, while amoeboid migration is based on bleb formation. Changing of migrational conditions can lead to alteration in the character of cell movement.

Boundary cap neural crest stem cells promote angiogenesis after transplantation to avulsed dorsal roots in mice and induce migration of endothelial cells in 3D printed scaffolds.

Dorsal root avulsion injuries lead to loss of sensation and to reorganization of blood vessels (BVs) in the injured area. The inability of injured sensory axons to re-enter the spinal cord results in permanent loss of sensation, and often also leads to the development of neuropathic pain. Approaches that restore connection between peripheral sensory axons and their CNS targets are thus urgently need.

Measurement of Electron-Neutrino Charged-Current Cross Sections on ^{127}I with the COHERENT NaIνE Detector.

Using an 185-kg NaI[Tl] array, COHERENT has measured the inclusive electron-neutrino charged-current cross section on ^{127}I with pion decay-at-rest neutrinos produced by the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Iodine is one the heaviest targets for which low-energy (≤50  MeV) inelastic neutrino-nucleus processes have been measured, and this is the first measurement of its inclusive cross section. After a five-year detector exposure, COHERENT reports a flux-averaged cross section for electron neutrinos of 9.

Gene deletion of the PACAP/VIP receptor, VPAC2R, alters glycemic responses during metabolic and psychogenic stress in adult female mice.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and the homologous peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), participate in glucose homeostasis using insulinotropic and counterregulatory processes. The role of VIP receptor 2 (VPAC2R) in these opposing actions needs further characterization. In this study, we examined the participation of VPAC2R on basal glycemia, fasted levels of glucoregulatory hormones and on glycemia responses during metabolic and psychogenic stress using gene-deleted (Vipr2 ) female mice.

Biomedical generative pre-trained based transformer language model for age-related disease target discovery.

Target discovery is crucial for the development of innovative therapeutics and diagnostics. However, current approaches often face limitations in efficiency, specificity, and scalability, necessitating the exploration of novel strategies for identifying and validating disease-relevant targets. Advances in natural language processing have provided new avenues for predicting potential therapeutic targets for various diseases.

Morphology of Neutrophils during Their Activation and NETosis: Atomic Force Microscopy Study.

Confocal microscopy and fluorescence staining of cellular structures are commonly used to study neutrophil activation and NETosis. However, they do not reveal the specific characteristics of the neutrophil membrane surface, its nanostructure, and morphology. The aim of this study was to reveal the topography and nanosurface characteristics of neutrophils during activation and NETosis using atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Hemoglobin Derivatives in Beef Irradiated with Accelerated Electrons.

The efficiency of food irradiation depends on the accuracy of the irradiation dose range that is sufficient for inhibiting microbiological growth without causing an irreversible change to the physical and chemical properties of foods. This study suggests that the concentration of hemoglobin derivatives can be used as a criterion for establishing the limit for chilled beef irradiation at which irradiation-induced oxidation becomes irreversible. The express spectrophotometry method for estimating the hemoglobin derivative concentration shows a nonlinear increase in methemoglobin concentration from 15% to 50% in beef irradiated by accelerated electrons with the doses ranging from 250 Gy to 10,000 Gy.

Photocatalysts Based on Graphite-like Carbon Nitride with a Low Content of Rhodium and Palladium for Hydrogen Production under Visible Light.

In this study, we proposed photocatalysts based on graphite-like carbon nitride with a low content (0.01-0.5 wt.

Stages of NETosis Development upon Stimulation of Neutrophils with Activators of Different Types.

Before NETs are released, the neutrophil undergoes structural changes. First, it flattens, accompanied by a change in cell shape and rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. Then, nuclear swelling begins, which ends with the ejection of NETs into the extracellular space.

Lanthanide Coordination Polymers with Soft-Base Ditopic Bisthiazolate Ligands.

In order to prepare the first lanthanide coordination polymers (CPs) based on ditopic sulfide ligands, benzo[1,2-:4,5-']bisthiazole-2,6(3,7)-dithione (HL) was used as a linker. The reactions of lanthanide silylamides Ln[N(SiMe)] (Ln = Nd, Gd, Er, and Yb) with HL result in the formation of soluble dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) ionic salts [Ln(DMSO)][L] [Ln = Nd (), Gd (), Er (), and Yb ()]. Due to the lack of coordination of anionic ligands, compounds , , and do not show sensitized metal-centered photoluminescence (PL), while Gd compound shows weak phosphorescence at 77 K.

Atomic Force Microscopy and High-Resolution Spectrophotometry for Study of Anoxemia and Normoxemia in Model Experiment In Vitro.

The oxygen content in the blood may decrease under the influence of various physicochemical factors and different diseases. The state of hypoxemia is especially dangerous for critically ill patients. In this paper, we describe and analyze the changes in the characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) with decreasing levels of oxygen in the RBC suspension from normoxemia to hypoxemia/anoxemia in an in vitro model experiment.

Hall Effect at the Focus of an Optical Vortex with Linear Polarization.

The tight focusing of an optical vortex with an integer topological charge (TC) and linear polarization was considered. We showed that the longitudinal components of the spin angular momentum (SAM) (it was equal to zero) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) (it was equal to the product of the beam power and the TC) vectors averaged over the beam cross-section were separately preserved during the beam propagation. This conservation led to the spin and orbital Hall effects.

Precious1GPT: multimodal transformer-based transfer learning for aging clock development and feature importance analysis for aging and age-related disease target discovery.

Aging is a complex and multifactorial process that increases the risk of various age-related diseases and there are many aging clocks that can accurately predict chronological age, mortality, and health status. These clocks are disconnected and are rarely fit for therapeutic target discovery. In this study, we propose a novel approach to multimodal aging clock we call Precious1GPT utilizing methylation and transcriptomic data for interpretable age prediction and target discovery developed using a transformer-based model and transfer learning for case-control classification.

Platinum(IV) Carbonato Complexes: Formation via the Addition of CO to the [Pt(OH)] Anion and Generation of Platinum(IV) Oxide Nanoparticles for the Preparation of Catalysts.

A combination of multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and theoretical calculation based on density functional theory was used for a speciation study of Pt in solutions prepared either by the interaction of [Pt(OH)] with gaseous CO in an alkaline solution of platinum(IV) hydroxide ([Pt(OH)(HO)]) or by the dissolution of [Pt(OH)(HO)] in an aqueous KHCO solution. The formed solutions contained coexisting Pt(IV) carbonato complexes with κ- and κ-coordination modes. The gradual condensation of mononuclear Pt species in such bicarbonate solutions resulted in the formation of PtO nanoparticles aggregating into a solid precipitate on prolonged aging.