The Role of Micrornas in Mitochondrial Homeostasis and their Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: A Focus on Mitomicrornas.

The maintenance of the functional potential of mitochondria is directly related to epigenetic factors, microRNAs (miRs), and mitomicroRNAs (mitomiRs). An important role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS)/obesity is attributed to miRs, which have pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory potential and can penetrate the mitochondrial matrix. Deciphering the mechanisms responsible for the transport of miRs into the mitochondria would, we believe, allow us to use the knowledge obtained to build designs for the transport of drugs/mitomiRs into cells/mitochondria with low toxicity.

Laser speckle contrast imaging with principal component and entropy analysis: a novel approach for depth-independent blood flow assessment.

Current study presents an advanced method for improving the visualization of subsurface blood vessels using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), enhanced through principal component analysis (PCA) filtering. By combining LSCI and laser speckle entropy imaging with PCA filtering, the method effectively separates static and dynamic components of the speckle signal, significantly improving the accuracy of blood flow assessments, even in the presence of static scattering layers located above and below the vessel. Experiments conducted on optical phantoms, with the vessel depths ranging from 0.

Oropharyngeal resistome remains stable during COVID-19 therapy, while fecal resistome shifts toward a less diverse resistotype.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious threat to global public health. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the need to monitor the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes and understand the mechanisms driving this process. In this study, we analyzed changes to the oropharyngeal and fecal resistomes of patients with COVID-19 undergoing therapy in a hospital setting.

The Role of Metal Nanoparticles in the Pathogenesis of Stone Formation.

The process of stone formation in the human body remains incompletely understood, which requires clinical and laboratory studies and the formulation of a new endogenous, nanotechnological concept of the mechanism of origin and formation of crystallization centers. Previously, the mechanism of sialolithiasis was considered a congenital disease associated with the pathology of the ducts in the structure of the glands themselves. To date, such morphological changes of congenital nature can be considered from the position of the intrauterine formation of endogenous bacterial infections complicated by the migration of antigenic structures initiating the formation of crystallization centers.

Mitochondria and Lipid Droplets: Focus on the Molecular Structure of Contact Sites in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex of serious pathologies with a high prevalence worldwide. Disruption of mitochondrial biogenesis and its interaction with other cell organelles plays an important role in the development of MetS. Studies have revealed the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of mitochondria that exist within a single cell and can regulate metabolic signaling pathways, influencing the development of metabolic diseases.

[Clinical and laboratory parameters and pathomorphological features of the lungs in patients who have had COVID-19 viral pneumonia].

Post-Covid syndrome is characterized by general somatic manifestations, changes in the psycho-emotional sphere, cognitive disorders, disorders of the cardiovascular, respiratory systems and excretory function. However, there is little information in the literature about the mechanisms of thanatogenesis in patients who have had COVID-19. An analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters and pathomorphological changes was carried out in 9 autopsy cases of patients who had previously suffered a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19).

Real-time laser speckle contrast imaging for intraoperative neurovascular blood flow assessment: animal experimental study.

The use of various blood flow control methods in neurovascular interventions is crucial for reducing postoperative complications. Neurosurgeons worldwide use different methods, such as contact Dopplerography, intraoperative indocyanine videoangiography (ICG) video angiography, fluorescein angiography, flowmetry, intraoperative angiography, and direct angiography. However, there is no noninvasive method that can assess the presence of blood flow in the vessels of the brain without the introduction of fluorescent substances throughout the intervention.

[Shaping approaches to standardization of oropharynx mucous membrane assessment of immunological parameters].

Unlabelled: Basis of acute pharyngitis pathogenesis is an inflammatory process at the entrance gate of the infection. Therefore, local immunity study proves to be the most informative. Difficulty in making that type of assessment is lack of generally accepted reference values and biological sampling techniques.

Experimental Correction and Treatment of Chronic Liver Failure Using Implantable Cell-Engineering Constructs of the Auxiliary Liver Based on a Bioactive Heterogeneous Biopolymer Hydrogel.

Unlabelled: Our study sought approaches for chronic liver failure (CLF) treatment and correction via cell-engineered constructs (CECs). They are built from biopolymer-based, microstructured, and collagen-containing hydrogel (BMCG). We also strove to evaluate the functional activity of BMCG in liver regeneration.

Emission and Migration of Nanoscale Particles during Osseointegration and Disintegration of Dental Implants in the Clinic and Experiment and the Influence on Cytokine Production.

The emission of nanoscale particles from the surfaces of dental implants leads to the cumulative effect of particle complexes in the bone bed and surrounding soft tissues. Aspects of particle migration with the possibility of their involvement in the development of pathological processes of systemic nature remain unexplored. The aim of this work was to study protein production during the interaction of immunocompetent cells with nanoscale metal particles obtained from the surfaces of dental implants in the supernatants.

Cell-Molecular Interactions of Nano- and Microparticles in Dental Implantology.

The role of metallic nano- and microparticles in the development of inflammation has not yet been investigated. Soft tissue biopsy specimens of the bone bed taken during surgical revisions, as well as supernatants obtained from the surface of the orthopedic structures and dental implants (control), were examined. Investigations were performed using X-ray microtomography, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and scanning electron microscopy.

Immunopathological Inflammation in the Evolution of Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis.

The purpose of this study was to provide an immuno-mediated substantiation of the etiopathogenesis of mucositis and peri-implantitis based on the results of experimental, laboratory and clinical studies. The biopsy material was studied to identify impregnated nanoscale and microscale particles in the structure of pathological tissues by using X-ray microtomography and X-ray fluorescence analyses. Electron microscopy with energy-dispersive analysis identified the composition of supernatants containing nanoscale metal particles obtained from the surfaces of dental implants.

MicroRNA Regulation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Development of Osteoporosis in Obesity.

Obesity and osteoporosis are global health problems characterized by high rates of prevalence and mortality due to complications. As people with visceral obesity age, the adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) increases, and adipocytes become the predominant stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment, which hinders the physiological regeneration and mineralization of bone tissue. Primary and secondary osteoporosis remain severe progressive diseases.

Diagnosis of Skin Vascular Complications Revealed by Time-Frequency Analysis and Laser Doppler Spectrum Decomposition.

Nowadays, photonics-based techniques are used extensively in various applications, including functional clinical diagnosis, progress monitoring in treatment, and provision of metrological control. In fact, in the frame of practical implementation of optical methods, such as laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), the qualitative interpretation and quantitative assessment of the detected signal remains vital and urgently required. In the conventional LDF approach, the key measured parameters, index of microcirculation and perfusion rate, are proportional to an averaged concentration of red blood cells (RBC) and their average velocity within a diagnostic volume.

Assessment of dental implant surface stability at the nanoscale level.

Objectives: To study the oxide layer stability of certified dental implants of system "P", made based on TiO alloy with carbon coating. To perform a comparative statistical analysis of the obtained data with the available data for the dental implants of systems "A" and "B".

Methods: X-ray microtomography and X-ray fluorescence analysis were used to study soft tissue biopsy specimens.

Analysis of miRNAs Profiles in Serum of Patients With Steatosis and Steatohepatitis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide, affecting 25% of the world population. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence for the involvement of microRNAs in the epigenetic regulation of genes taking part in the development of steatosis and steatohepatitis-two main stages of NAFLD pathogenesis. In the present study, miRNA profiles were studied in groups of patients with steatosis and steatohepatitis to compare the characteristics of RNA-dependent epigenetic regulation of the stages of NAFLD development.

Impairments of cerebral blood flow microcirculation in rats brought on by cardiac cessation and respiratory arrest.

The impairments of cerebral blood flow microcirculation brought on by cardiac and respiratory arrest were assessed with multi-modal diagnostic facilities, utilising laser speckle contrast imaging, fluorescence spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results of laser speckle contrast imaging show a notable reduction of cerebral blood flow in small and medium size vessels during a few minutes of respiratory arrest, while the same effect was observed in large sinuses and their branches during the circulatory cessation. Concurrently, the redox ratio assessed with fluorescence spectroscopy indicates progressing hypoxia, NADH accumulation and increase of FAD consumption.

Amorphous-Crystalline Calcium Phosphate Coating Promotes In Vitro Growth of Tumor-Derived Jurkat T Cells Activated by Anti-CD2/CD3/CD28 Antibodies.

A modern trend in traumatology, orthopedics, and implantology is the development of materials and coatings with an amorphous-crystalline structure that exhibits excellent biocopatibility. The structure and physico-chemical and biological properties of calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings deposited on Ti plates using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method under different voltages (200, 250, and 300 V) were studied. Amorphous, nanocrystalline, and microcrystalline statesof CaHPO and β-CaPO were observed in the coatings using TEM and XRD.

Spatial heterogeneity of cutaneous blood flow respiratory-related oscillations quantified via laser speckle contrast imaging.

LSCI technique provides experimental data which can be considered in the context of spatial blood flow coherency. Analysis of vascular tone oscillations gives additional information to ensure a better understanding of the mechanisms affecting microvascular physiology. The oscillations with different frequencies are due to different physiological mechanisms.

Conserved pan-cancer microenvironment subtypes predict response to immunotherapy.

The clinical use of molecular targeted therapy is rapidly evolving but has primarily focused on genomic alterations. Transcriptomic analysis offers an opportunity to dissect the complexity of tumors, including the tumor microenvironment (TME), a crucial mediator of cancer progression and therapeutic outcome. TME classification by transcriptomic analysis of >10,000 cancer patients identifies four distinct TME subtypes conserved across 20 different cancers.

Silencing of SARS-CoV-2 with modified siRNA-peptide dendrimer formulation.

Background: First vaccines for prevention of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are becoming available but there is a huge and unmet need for specific forms of treatment. In this study we aimed to evaluate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect of siRNA both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: To identify the most effective molecule out of a panel of 15 in silico designed siRNAs, an in vitro screening system based on vectors expressing SARS-CoV-2 genes fused with the firefly luciferase reporter gene and SARS-CoV-2-infected cells was used.

Laser Doppler Spectrum Analysis Based on Calculation of Cumulative Sums Detects Changes in Skin Capillary Blood Flow in Type 2 Diabetes Melitus.

In this article, we introduce a new method of signal processing and data analysis for the digital laser Doppler flowmetry. Our approach is based on the calculation of cumulative sums over the registered Doppler power spectra. The introduced new parameter represents an integral estimation for the redistribution of moving red blood cells over the range of speed.

[IGG4-related diseases in endocrinology].

Immunoglobulin-G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic immunomediated pathology of different organs of local or systemic nature, which has been established as a separate clinical entity in the early 2000s and is characterized by storiform fibroid inflammation of the affected tissues, their increase, and elevated serum immunoglobulin-G4 (IgG4) levels. The most common manifestations of the disease are major salivary and lacrimal gland enlargement, lymphadenopathy and type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP1), however, other organs may be also involved (the thyroid, eyes, meninges, heart, lungs, kidneys, aorta, upper airways, mesentery, etc.).