Combination of Phytoactives in the Diet of Lactating Jersey Cows: Effects on Productive Efficiency, Milk Composition and Quality, Ruminal Environment, and Animal Health.

This study's objective was to evaluate whether adding a combination of phytoactive (microencapsulated essential oils, minerals, turmeric extract, tannin, prebiotic, and probiotic) to the feed of lactating Jersey cows positively affects the production, composition, and quality of milk, rumen environment, and animal health. Fourteen Jersey cows were divided into two groups (control and phytogenic) for an experiment with two lactation phases of 45 days each (early lactation and mid-lactation). During the experiment, milk production was higher at various times in cows that consumed phytoactive, and these animals had the best feed efficiency.

Essential oils and capsaicin in the diet of Jersey cows at early lactation and their positive impact on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunological responses.

The objective of this work was to determine whether the addition of phytogenic compounds based on essential oils (carvacrol, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde) and resinous pepper oil (capsaicin) to the diet of Jersey cows at the beginning of lactation affects anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory responses, as well as whether there are effects of EO on blood metabolites, ruminal fermentation, digestibility and milk production and composition. Six primiparous cows (370.00 ± 17 kg body weight (BW); 13.

Use of Cracker Residue in the Diet of Dairy Heifers: Impacts on Animal Health, Ruminal Fatty Acids Profile, Digestibility, Weight Gain, and Economic Viability.

This study determined whether the isomeric or isoenergetic/isoproteic substitution of corn in the diet of Jersey heifers in the rearing phase with cracker residue would impair growth and health, as well as reducing production costs. Fourteen Jersey females in the growth phase were used, separated into two treatments with seven animals in each lot in collective pens. The experiment used 7-month-old animals (169.

The addition of curcumin to the diet of post-weaning dairy calves: effects on ruminal fermentation, immunological, and oxidative responses.

Incorporating Curcumin into animal diets holds significant promise for enhancing both animal health and productivity, with demonstrated positive impacts on antioxidant activity, anti-microbial responses. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether adding Curcumin to the diet of dairy calves would influence ruminal fermentation, hematologic, immunological, oxidative, and metabolism variables. Fourteen Jersey calves were divided into a control group (GCON) and a treatment group (GTRA).

Inclusion of exogenous enzymes in feedlot cattle diets: Impacts on physiology, rumen fermentation, digestibility and fatty acid profile in rumen and meat.

The objective of this study was to evaluate if the inclusion of a blend composed of exogenous enzymes (amylase, protease, cellulase, xylanase and beta glucanase) in the individual and combined form in the feedlot steers diet has benefits on the physiology, rumen fermentation, digestibility and fatty acid profile in rumen and meat. The experiment used 24 animals, divided into 4 treatments, described as: T1-CON, T2-BLEND (0.5 g mixture of enzyme), T3-AMIL (0.

Calculating herbage utilization and intake by dairy cows under subtropical conditions using conventional field measurement techniques or the HerbValo method.

This study aimed to evaluate the HerbValo method in comparison to conventional field measurement techniques as a tool for estimating the herbage utilization and dry matter (DM) intake by grazing dairy cows under subtropical conditions. It was carried out during 18 months in a commercial farm of Southern Brazil. The herbage utilization was estimated monthly in two to four randomly selected paddocks (total n = 40) using the rising-plate meter or the double-sampling technique.

Potent antibacterial activity in surgical wounds with local administration of D-PLEX.

Despite significant advances in infection control guidelines and practices, surgical site infections remain a substantial cause of morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and mortality. The most effective component of SSI reduction strategies is the preoperative administration of intravenous antibiotics; however, systemic antibiotics drug exposure diminishes rapidly and may result in insufficient prophylactic activity against susceptible and resistant SSI pathogens at the wound. D-PLEX (D-PLEX) is an antibiotic-releasing drug (doxycycline) that is supplied as a sterile powder for paste reconstitution with sterile saline.

Comparison of markers to estimate microbial adherence and fibrolytic activity in forages after in vitro incubation.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between attached microbial markers and degradability of forage samples incubated in vitro and to compare these microbial markers. In Trial 1, the content of 15N, purines, and phosphorus (P) as well as xylanase activity in residue of different forage species were measured after 24 h of incubation in a conventional in vitro system at pH 6.8.

Reduction in surgical site infections by localized administration with D-PLEX in patients with multiple risk factors undergoing colorectal surgery.

Background: D-PLEX is a novel drug-eluting lipid polymer matrix that supplies a high, local concentration of doxycycline for approximately 30 days. The objective of this post-hoc analysis was to assess the efficacy of D-PLEX in preventing superficial and deep SSIs in patients with ≥2 risk factors.

Patients And Methods: A post-hoc analysis of a previously reported prospective randomized trial assessing D-PLEX plus Standard of Care (SOC) versus SOC alone in colorectal surgery was performed to assess SSI rate in patients with ≥2 risk factors.

A prospective, randomized assessment of a novel, local antibiotic releasing platform for the prevention of superficial and deep surgical site infections.

Background: Despite significant advances in infection control guidelines and practices, surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a substantial cause of morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and mortality among patients having both elective and emergent surgeries. D-PLEX is a novel, antibiotic-eluting polymer-lipid matrix that supplies a high, local concentration of doxycycline for the prevention of superficial and deep SSIs. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of D-PLEX in addition to standard of care (SOC) in preventing superficial and deep surgical site infections for patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery.

Changing the grazing session from morning to afternoon or including tannins in the diet was effective in decreasing the urinary nitrogen of dairy cows fed a total mixed ration and herbage.

Our aim was to evaluate whether increasing soluble carbohydrates in the herbage by changing the time of the grazing session or including Acacia mearnsii tannin in the diet would affect intake, digestion, N partitioning, and productive performance of dairy cows fed a diet combining ryegrass herbage with partial total mixed ration (PMR). We hypothesized that both strategies could reduce the concentration of NH-N in the rumen, reducing urinary N excretion. Nine Holstein cows were used in a triplicate 3 × 3 Latin square experiment with 3 experimental periods of 22 d.

Effect of using Acacia mearnsii tannin extract as a feed additive on nutritional variables and productive performance in dairy cows grazing a temperate pasture.

This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of including Acacia mearnsii tannin extract (TA) as a feed additive on nutrition and productive performance of dairy cows grazing a high-quality temperate pasture and receiving supplementation with a concentrate feedstuff. Fourteen multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to either of the following treatments: concentrate without or with 20 g TA/kg dry matter (DM). Concentrate intake accounted for 32% of the total DM intake.

Reducing milking frequency in early lactation improved the energy status but reduced milk yield during the whole lactation of primiparous Holstein cows consuming a total mixed ration and pasture.

To investigate the immediate and long-term performance effects of milking frequency during early lactation of primiparous dairy cows consuming a total mixed ration and pasture, 20 Holstein cows were assigned in a randomized block design to either once-daily (1×) or twice-daily (2×) milking during the first 8 wk of lactation (treatment period). After the treatment period, all cows were milked 2× until wk 43 of lactation. Cows were fed a total mixed ration (approximately 15 kg of DM/cow per day) and allowed to graze an oat pasture (Avena sativa).

Oxygen uptake and net flux of metabolites by splanchnic tissues of sheep in response to short-term mesenteric infusion of nitrogenous compounds.

This study was conducted in an attempt to quantify the impact of N load on splanchnic tissues metabolism of sheep. The trial was conducted with four male sheep (45 ± 2.5 kg body weight (BW)) surgically implanted with chronic indwelling catheters into the portal, hepatic and mesenteric veins.

Technical note: Evaluation of urinary purine derivatives in comparison with duodenal purines for estimating rumen microbial protein supply in sheep.

A data set of individual observations was compiled from digestibility trials to examine the relationship between the duodenal purine bases (PB) flow and urinary purine derivatives (PD) excretion and the validity of different equations for estimating rumen microbial N (Nm) supply based on urinary PD in comparison with estimates based on duodenal PB. Trials (8 trials, = 185) were conducted with male sheep fitted with a duodenal T-type cannula, housed in metabolic cages, and fed forage alone or with supplements. The amount of PD excreted in urine was linearly related to the amount of PB flowing to the duodenum ( < 0.

Minimum length of the adaptation and collection period in digestibility trials with sheep fed ad libitum only forage or forage plus concentrate.

Two in vivo digestibility trials with sheep were conducted to identify the minimum period length of feeding a new diet to obtain reproducible values of nutritional variables onward and the minimum length of collection period as to obtain maximal precision for each variable. Trial 1 was conducted with ten Polwarth male sheep (34 ± 5 kg body weight (BW)) throughout three 21-day periods, in a completely randomized two-way crossover design. The animals were divided into two groups (Group A and B, n = 5 per group) which were fed ad libitum with a sequence of the following diets throughout the periods: Group A: hay - hay plus concentrate - hay; Group B: hay plus concentrate - hay - hay plus concentrate.

Relationship between level of forage intake, blood flow and oxygen consumption by splanchnic tissues of sheep fed a tropical grass forage.

Four Polwarth castrated male sheep (42 ± 4.4 kg live weight (LW) surgically implanted with chronic indwelling catheters into the mesenteric, portal and hepatic veins, housed in metabolism cages and offered Cynodon sp. hay at rates (g of dry matter (DM)/kg LW) of 7, 14, 21 or ad libitum, were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment to evaluate the effect of the level of forage intake on blood flow and oxygen consumption by the portal-drained viscera (PDV), liver and total splanchnic tissues (ST).

miR-181a negatively regulates NF-κB signaling and affects activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma pathogenesis.

Distinct subgroups of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) genetically resemble specific mature B-cell populations that are blocked at different stages of the immune response in germinal centers (GCs). The activated B-cell (ABC)-like subgroup resembles post-GC plasmablasts undergoing constitutive survival signaling, yet knowledge of the mechanisms that negatively regulate this oncogenic signaling remains incomplete. In this study, we report that microRNA (miR)-181a is a negative regulator of nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB) signaling.

LymphomiRs: microRNAs with regulatory roles in lymphomas.

Purpose Of Review: This review provides current knowledge on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in lymphoma with an emphasis on mature B-cell lymphoma.

Recent Findings: Although miRNAs were previously used to stratify lymphoma classification, prognosis, or treatment response, recent publications portray this class of small noncoding RNAs as critical players in the lymphomagenesis process. Although functional studies provide ample evidence for their role as lymphoma drivers or suppressors, genetic studies providing the underlying mechanisms for these phenotypes are still lacking.

Technical note: Evaluation of markers for estimating duodenal digesta flow and ruminal digestibility: Acid detergent fiber, sulfuric acid detergent lignin, and n-alkanes.

The amount of digesta flowing to the duodenum is a relevant measurement for the evaluation of nutrient supply to ruminants, which is usually estimated in animals fitted with a duodenal T-type cannula using internal or external markers. This study evaluated acid detergent fiber (ADF) compared with external (C32n-alkane) and internal [sulfuric acid lignin (ADL) and n-alkanes C31 and C33] markers for estimating duodenal flow and(or) ruminal digestibility of dry matter (DM) in cattle and sheep. In the first assay, 4 duodenally cannulated Holstein steers housed in metabolism cages, dosed with C32n-alkane, and fed Avena strigosa plus concentrate and increasing levels of tannin extract to reduce ruminal digestibility, were used in a Latin square design.

Metabolism, intake, and digestibility of lambs supplemented with organic chromium.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the metabolism of organic chromium and its effect on digestibility and intake of lambs. Four 4-month-old male lambs, each weighing 28 kg, were used. The animals were kept in metabolic cages for a period of 20 days (15 days of adaptation and 5 days of experimentation), in two experimental phases, with inverted treatments.

Faecal nitrogen excretion as an approach to estimate forage intake of wethers.

Data from twenty-two digestibility trials were compiled to examine the relationship between faecal N concentration and organic matter (OM) digestibility (OMD), and between faecal N excretion and OM intake (OMI) by wethers fed tropical or temperate forages alone or with supplements. Data set was grouped by diet type as follows: only tropical grass (n = 204), only temperate grass (n = 160), tropical grass plus supplement (n = 216), temperate grass plus supplement (n = 48), tropical grass plus tropical legume (n = 60) and temperate grass with ruminal infusion of tannins (n = 16). Positive correlation between OMD and either total faecal N concentration (Nfc, % of OM) or metabolic faecal N concentration (Nmetfc, % of OM) was significant for most diet types.

Evaluation of sonication treatment and buffer composition on rumen bacteria protein extraction and carboxymethylcellulase activity.

Background: The methodological procedures for studying the fibrolytic activity of rumen bacteria are not clearly established. In this study the efficiency of sonication treatment and buffer composition (i.e.