The Nuremberg Racial Laws: The End of Jewish Medical Teaching in Germany. Who Were the Last Jewish Medical Professors in Berlin?

Background: On 7 April 1933, the Nazi Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service was enacted. The law triggered the dismissal of most Jewish medical staff from German universities. A few Jewish professors in Berlin were permitted to continue their academic activity with restrictions.

Electronically Monitored Adherence to Short-Term Antibiotic Therapy in Children.

Background: Nonadherence to short-term antibiotic treatment in children can lead to treatment failure and the development of drug-resistant microorganisms. We aimed to provide reliable adherence estimates in this population.

Methods: A prospective, blinded, electronically monitored, observational study between January 2018 and October 2021.

Persistent post-concussive syndrome in children after mild traumatic brain injury is prevalent and vastly underdiagnosed.

Data on epidemiology and prognosticators of persistent post-concussion syndrome (PPCS) after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in the pediatric population is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PPCS in children after mTBI and to identify clinical variables in children who are at high risk for developing PPCS. A multicenter, retrospective matched cohort in which PPCS symptoms were evaluated in children 8-15-year-old, 6-60 months after being admitted to the emergency department because of mTBI.

Is severity of Daboia (Vipera) palaestinae snakebites influenced by season of exposure?

Introduction: The most common venomous snake in Israel, both in geographic spread and in number of snakebite incidents, is Daboia (Vipera) palaestinae. The clinical presentation of D. palaestinae envenomation varies and includes both local and systemic symptoms.

sTREM-1 as a diagnostic biomarker for acute appendicitis in children.

Background: The typical history of acute appendicitis is observed in less than 60% of cases. Therefore, searching for a surrogate marker is mandatory. Our goal was to determine whether the soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) is an efficient biomarker for acute appendicitis.

The Kristallnacht Pogrom. The End of Jewish Medical Study in Germany: Who were the Last Jewish Medical Students in Berlin?

Background: In April 1937 it was forbidden for German Jewish students to sit for examinations. However, a few Jewish medical students were able to continue studying at Berlin University. The order to expel all Jewish students from German Universities was published on the morning after Kristallnacht (November 1938) and was strictly imposed.

Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on playground surfaces and water fountains.

The possibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission by fomites or environmental surfaces has been suggested. It is unclear if SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in outdoor public areas. The objective of the current study was to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in environmental samples collected at public playgrounds and water fountains, in a country with high disease prevalence.

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure Among Children by Urinary Biomarkers and Parent Report.

Objective: The goal of this study was to describe environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure using urinary biomarkers and its correlation with parent report, among children presenting to emergency room.

Methods: This is a case control study among children aged 3 to 12 years at a tertiary pediatric emergency department in Israel. Children with respiratory (case) or gastrointestinal (control) symptoms were recruited and their accompanying parent completed a short survey.

Fever response to ibuprofen in viral and bacterial childhood infections.

Objective: to compare the antipyretic effects of ibuprofen in febrile children with serious bacterial infections (SBI), and children with a presumed viral infection.

Methods: A prospective cross- sectional study was conducted in a pediatric Emergency department between October 2018 and March 2020 for children aged 3 months to 4 years with a rectal temperature ≥ 38.5 °C.

The Clinical Value of Routine Acetaminophen Level Screening in Pediatric Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department.

Background: Acetaminophen is the most common drug involved in pediatric poisonings, both intentionally and accidentally, and is the leading cause of acute liver failure among all age groups.

Objectives: To define the characteristics of patients admitted to a pediatric emergency department (ED) where serum acetaminophen concentrations were measured, and to determine which variables are associated with significant risk of acetaminophen toxicity.

Methods: Acetaminophen serum concentrations were measured, in a retrospective case series, of patients younger than 18 years who had been admitted to the ED at Shamir Medical Center between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2015.

Children discharged from an emergency department with bacteraemia had lower C-reactive protein and better outcomes than admissions.

Aim: To investigate whether there are common clinical findings in bacteraemic children that were discharged from the emergency department (ED) and to follow their clinical outcome.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of children above one-month-old with positive blood cultures obtained in Shamir Medical Center's ED between January 2011 and December 2019 was conducted.

Results: A total of 250 cases were analysed, of which 68 discharged after first evaluation.

Ibuprofen use and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

Objective: It was recently suggested that ibuprofen might increase the risk for severe and fatal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and should therefore be avoided in this patient population. We aimed to evaluate whether ibuprofen use in individuals with COVID-19 was associated with more severe disease, compared with individuals using paracetamol or no antipyretics.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 from Shamir Medical Centre, Israel, we monitored any use of ibuprofen from a week before diagnosis of COVID-19 throughout the disease.

SARS-CoV-2 Rates in BCG-Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Young Adults.

This cohort study compares rates of coronavirus PCR test positivity among Israelis with symptoms suspicious for COVID-19 who did and did not receive BCG vaccination as part of routine childhood immunization in the early 1980s.

A Cross-Sectional Study on Subjective Fever Assessment in Children by Palpation: Are Fathers as Reliable as Mothers?

Background: Fever is common in pediatric patients. Often, parents rely solely on palpation when assessing their child's fever. The objective of the current study was to determine the accuracy of parents in detecting their child's fever by palpation.

Correction to: Hyperpyrexia and high fever as a predictor for serious bacterial infection (SBI) in children-a systematic review.

It has been identified that the data listed within the above article was incorrectly presented. This is now presented correctly in this article.

[REFERRAL LETTERS TO THE PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY UNIT - COMMUNITY PHYSICIANS' INTENTIONS VERSUS EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT PHYSICIANS' AND PARENTS' COMPREHENSION].

Background: Referral notes are the main communication method between primary physicians and hospital physicians. Therefore, the written referral, has great importance in explaining the patient's condition or complaint, and the additional steps or actions that may be required for their complete evaluation and diagnosis. In this research we evaluated the main reasons for child referral to the hospital and, whether both the hospital physician and the child's parents understood those reasons correctly.

Hyperpyrexia and high fever as a predictor for serious bacterial infection (SBI) in children-a systematic review.

Unlabelled: It is not clear if children with high fever are at increased risk for serious bacterial infection (SBI). Our aim was to systematically review if children suffering from high fever are at high risk for SBI. Our data sources were Embase, Medline, and Pubmed; from their inception until the last week of March 2017.

Diagnostic markers of acute infections in infants aged 1 week to 3 months: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: History and physical examination do not reliably exclude serious bacterial infections (SBIs) in infants. We examined potential markers of SBI in young febrile infants.

Design: We reviewed white cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), neutrophil to lymphocyte count ratio (NLR) and C reactive protein (CRP) in infants aged 1 week to 90 days, admitted for fever to one medical centre during 2012-2014.

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment and nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin in rats.

Background: Nephrotoxicity is a significant adverse side effect of gentamicin. Previous preclinical studies showed that hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) may have beneficial effects by attenuating renal damage in rats subjected to renal injury. We evaluated the effect of HBOT on acute renal failure caused by gentamicin.

Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Background: Over-treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) with antibiotics is common, and poses a high burden on health-care systems.

Methods: Records of children 6-36 months of age with AOM visiting a university-affiliated pediatric emergency department between 2014 and 2016 were reviewed for the treatment given: watchful waiting versus antibiotics. If antibiotics were prescribed, the type and duration were recorded.

Computed tomography findings in young children with minor head injury presenting to the emergency department greater than 24h post injury.

Background: Large studies which developed decision rules for the use of Computed tomography (CT) in children with minor head trauma excluded children with late presentation (more than 24h).

Objective: To assess the prevalence of significant traumatic brain injury (TBI) on CT in infants with head trauma presenting to the emergency department (ED) more than 24h from the injury.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of infants less than 24 months old referred for head CT because of traumatic brain injury from January 2004 to December 2014 in Assaf-Harofeh medical center was conducted.

Shivering in Febrile Children: Frequency and Usefulness in Predicting Serious Bacterial Infections - A Prospective Case-Control Study.

A prospective case-control study was conducted in a pediatric emergency department to describe the proportion of febrile children experiencing shivering and its clinical significance. Shivering was reported in 186 of 645 febrile children (28.8%).

Complementary and alternative medicine among hospitalized pediatric patients.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and describe the characteristics of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among hospitalized children, and to discover the awareness of medical staff regarding CAM use.

Design/setting: Parents of children aged 0-18 years admitted to the Pediatric Division at Assaf Harofeh Medical Center in Israel between January and July of 2015 (n=146) were provided a questionnaire regarding socio-economic status and evaluating the CAM use. The medical charts of the participants were reviewed in order to establish whether or not CAM use was documented.

The proportion of errors in medical prescriptions and their executions among hospitalized children before and during accreditation.

Objective: To evaluate the rate of medication related errors in the pediatric ward and pediatric emergency department (PED), before and after implementing intervention strategies according to the Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation program.

Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study that included chart review.

Setting: A university affiliated pediatric ward and PED.