Creation of a Novel Ex Vivo 3D Printed Ileal Conduit Task Trainer for Teaching Conduitoscopy Skills.

Objective: To perform endoscopy in patients with urinary diversions requires specific endoscopic skills, which can currently only be gained in clinical practice. We created a 3D-printed ex vivo ileal conduit model (stoma and conduit with ureters and 2 kidneys) to simulate "conduitoscopy" and evaluated the realism and limitations of the model.

Methods: Accurate anatomical features were represented using an appropriate reusable design, realistic mechanical qualities with several material types, and 3D-printed components.

Design, Development, and Validation of a First, Low-cost, Three-dimensional (3D) Printed Optical Urethrotomy Simulation Model.

Objective: To develop and validate a low-cost, portable, and reusable simulation model for optical internal urethrotomy (OIU) training.

Methods: A 3D-printed low-cost simulation model for OIU was designed locally and the final model was evaluated by trainees and trainers at the urology boot camps (UK, Belgium, Portugal, Poland). Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire, using a 6-item 5-point Likert Scale, to assess the model's anatomic realism.

Fusion mass to pelvis internal distraction technique using multiple-hook fixation for scoliosis correction: illustrative case.

Background: Internal distraction rods have been described as an alternative to halo gravity traction for the treatment of severe scoliosis. Distraction rods can be challenging to use in patients with existing fusion masses. The authors report an internal distraction, construct-to-construct rod technique using multiple-hook fixation in a patient with a sharply angulated cervicothoracic scoliosis fusion mass.

Design, implementation and assessment of a novel, introductory curriculum into female, neurological and urodynamic urology: a 7-year experience of urology simulation bootcamp course.

Purpose: To present the seven-year experience of a multi-component and interactive module on female, neurological and urodynamic urology (FNUU) training at the UK National Urology Simulation Bootcamp Course (USBC) and demonstrate trainee satisfaction and competency progression.

Methods: During the week-long USBC, a four-hour module on FNUU was designed which consisted of short interactive presentations with an emphasis on practical stations in urodynamics, intravesical botulinum toxin injection, urethral bulking injection, female pelvic examination and, initially, mid-urethral tapes (subsequently replaced with percutaneous sacral nerve evaluation). The trainee's level of knowledge, operative experience and confidence were assessed pre- and post-course.

The natural history of low-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a collaborative multi-centre study.

Background: International guidelines vary in terms of their definition and recommendation for management of low-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (LRNMIBC). The ideal management for this large subset of bladder cancer patient remains unclear.

Objective: To evaluate long-term outcomes of patients with LRNMIBC.

Is there a correlation between urolithiasis in horseshoe kidneys and isthmus thickness or renal angulation?

Background: Stone disease is a common complication of horseshoe kidneys (HSK). There are currently limited studies that examine the relationship between HSK anatomy and stone formation. We aim to determine if there is such an association by measuring the isthmus size and renal angulation in both stone and non-stone forming HSK using computed tomography (CT).

Design and assessment of a penile fracture simulation model.

Objective: To design and assess a novel penile fracture simulation model for teaching penile fracture repair.

Methods: We used a validated circumcision simulator to create a model. Foreskin for a circumcision was divided into two halves.

Design and assessment of a penile fracture simulation model.

Objective: To design and assess a novel penile fracture simulation model for teaching penile fracture repair.

Methods: We used a validated circumcision simulator to create a model. Foreskin for a circumcision was divided into two halves.

Hydrocephalus Following Giant Transosseous Vertex Meningioma Resection.

 Meningiomas are among the most common primary intracranial tumors. While well-described, there is limited information on the outcomes and consequences following treatment of giant-sized vertex-based meningiomas. These meningiomas have specific risks and potential complications due to their size, location, and involvement with extracalvarial soft tissue and dural sinuses.

A retrospective assessment and comparison of the effectiveness of benzoyl peroxide; the combination of topical niacinamide, gallic acid, and lauric acid; and the combination of benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin in acne vulgaris.

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that mostly develops during adolescence and continues throughout adulthood. It affects the face, the main location of cosmetic appearance. Despite many developments in acne treatment, various combination therapies are needed to create the best option.

Current Status of Simulation Training in Urology: A Non-Systematic Review.

Simulation has emerged as an effective solution to increasing modern constraints in surgical training. It is recognized that a larger proportion of surgical complications occur during the surgeon's initial learning curve. The simulation takes the learning curve out of the operating theatre and facilitates training in a safe and pressure-free environment whilst focusing on patient safety.

Effect of perioperative aspirin use on hemorrhagic complications in elective craniotomy for brain tumors: results of a single-center, retrospective cohort study.

Objective: In daily practice, neurosurgeons face increasing numbers of patients using aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA). While many of these patients discontinue ASA 7-10 days prior to elective intracranial surgery, there are limited data to support whether or not perioperative ASA use heightens the risk of hemorrhagic complications. In this study the authors retrospectively evaluated the safety of perioperative ASA use in patients undergoing craniotomy for brain tumors in the largest elective cranial surgery cohort reported to date.

First case of penile metastasis following abdominoperineal resection with VRAM flap reconstruction.

Penile metastases are rare in colorectal cancer. We report the first case of such a recurrence in a patient who had undergone an extralevator abdominoperineal resection with vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap perineal reconstruction. The patient was treated with curative intent by total penectomy.

The Effects of Dexamethasone and L-NAME on Acute Lung Injury in Rats with Lung Contusion.

The therapeutic efficiency of an anti-inflammatory agent, dexamethasone (DXM), and a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), in lung tissue injury after lung contusion was investigated. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), YKL-40, an inflammatory peptide, inducible NOS (iNOS), and Clara cell protein 16 (CC-16) were evaluated. Immunohistochemical analyses were also performed, and the lung tissue was examined histopathologically.

Serum oxidized low density lipoprotein levels in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnants.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUNDS/AIM: The aim of the study was to determine serum lipids and oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) levels in preeclamptic pregnants and compare with those of normotensives.

Materials And Methods: Ox-LDL levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); total cholesterol, hight density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured by enzymatic colorimetric assay in 26 normotensive and 27 preeclamptic pregnants. LDL and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol was calculated by Friedwald formula.

The evaluation of oxidative stress in the serum and tissue specimens of patients with chronic otitis media.

Objectives: To underline the effect of oxidative stress in chronic otitis media with and without cholesteatoma and to compare the oxidative stress values in the serum and tissue specimens in these two forms.

Methods: The study included a total of 75 individuals, 35 cases with chronic otitis media (COM; 16 females and 19 males) and a healthy control group of 40 cases (20 females and 20 males). The COM patient group was comprised of 18 patients with cholesteatoma and 17 patients without cholesteatoma.

Treatment of Supraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery Iatrogenic Pseudoaneurym with Extracranial-to- Intracranial Bypass and Trapping: Demonstration of Technique with Video Presentation.

Intracranial pseudoaneurysms (IP) represent about 1% of all patients presenting with an intracranial aneurysm. In true intracranial aneurysms, the intima, internal elastic lamina, and media are disrupted, but the adventitia is intact. In pseudoaneurysms, there is disruption of all three layers of the arterial wall, thus resulting in higher rates of re-hemorrhage and thrombus formation.

Assessment of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and oxidative stress in patients with chronic tonsillitis.

To emphasize the effectiveness of adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme, which has important roles in the differentiation of lymphoid cells, and oxidative stress in patients with chronic tonsillitis. Serum and tissue samples were obtained from 25 patients who underwent tonsillectomy due to recurrent episodes of acute tonsillitis. In the control group, which also had 25 subjects, only serum samples were taken as obtaining tissue samples would not have been ethically appropriate.

Serum myeloperoxidase activity, total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide levels in patients with chronic otitis media.

It has been suggested that oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media (COM), but the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of COM has not yet been fully explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and nitric oxide (NO) in patients with COM. Sixty-one patients with COM and 30 controls were enrolled in the present study.

Effects of asymmetric dimethylarginine on inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10) in rats.

This study is intended to examine the effects of administration of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) on the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10. A total of 30 Wistar adult albino rats were used. Group I was administrated (n = 10) with 1 mg/kg/day of ADMA, group II (n = 10) was administrated with 2 mg/kg/day of ADMA and the control group was administrated (n = 10) with 0.

In-vivo assessment of barbed suturing thread with regard to tissue reaction and material absorption in a rat model.

Aim: The laparoscopic approach in urological surgery demands a high degree of skill in intracorporeal suturing and knot tying. In an effort to reduce the amount of time required to perform a suture, new materials have been developed that through selfanchorage distribute tension more evenly across the suture and also eliminate the need of knot tying. The goal of this study was to assess the in vivo tissue response to a novel material (V-Loc tm; Covidien) in comparison to established materials (Vicryl, PDS II), in the case of bladder suturing, in a rat model.

Spontaneous migration of a retained bullet within the brain: a case report.

Gunshot injury to the head is usually mortal, and spontaneous migration of a retained bullet is rare. We report the case of a 23-year-old man with a spontaneously migrated bullet within the brain. Cranial computerized tomography (CT) indicated that the bullet was lodged deeply in the left parietal region.