Regulation of neural stem cell proliferation and survival by protein arginine methyltransferase 1.

Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), a major type I arginine methyltransferase in mammals, methylates histone and non-histone proteins to regulate various cellular functions, such as transcription, DNA damage response, and signal transduction. PRMT1 is highly expressed in neural stem cells (NSCs) and embryonic brains, suggesting that PRMT1 is essential for early brain development. Although our previous reports have shown that PRMT1 positively regulates oligodendrocyte development, it has not been studied whether PRMT1 regulates NSC proliferation and its survival during development.

Asymmetric Henry Reaction of Trifluoromethyl Enones with Nitromethane Using a N,N-Dibenzyl Diaminomethylenemalononitrile Organocatalyst.

A novel N,N-dibenzyl diaminomethylenemalononitrile organocatalyst efficiently promoted asymmetric Henry reactions of trifluoromethyl enones with nitromethane, affording corresponding highly functionalized products in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 90% ee). This study is the first to report the successful example of the asymmetric 1,2-additions of nitromethane to trifluoromethyl enones.

Primary Intraosseous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising from a Dentigerous Cyst of the Maxillary Wisdom Tooth.

The World Health Organization defines primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) as a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising primarily within the jaws and having no connection with the oral mucosa. Here, we report a case of PIOSCC in which it was difficult to differentiate the condition from pericoronitis of an impacted maxillary wisdom tooth. The patient was a 27-year-old pregnant woman with a pain in the right maxillary wisdom tooth.

Ten-year Clinical Trends among 575 Consecutive Oral Cancer Patients at Tokyo Dental College Oral Cancer Center.

The facilities comprising Tokyo Dental College (TDC) -the college itself and its medical institutions at Suidobashi, Ichikawa, and Chiba - have been officially recognized as a center for treating oral cancer. The TDC Oral Cancer Center (OCC) was established on April 1, 2006. It provides comprehensive medical care, including that aimed at recovery of postoperative function, such as restoration of stomatognathic function, dysphagia therapy, and placement of maxillary prostheses.

Image processing analysis of oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders, and other oral diseases using optical instruments.

Oral cancer screening is important for early detection and early treatment, which help improve survival rates. Biopsy is invasive and painful, while fluorescence visualization using optical instruments is non-invasive, convenient, and provides results in real time, and examinations can be repeated. The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of optical instruments in oral screening.

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of styloglossus and hyoglossus muscle invasion: Relationship to depth of invasion and clinical significance as a predictor of advisability of elective neck dissection in node negative oral tongue cancer.

Purpose: By comparing styloglossus and hyoglossus muscle invasion (SHMI) of oral tongue squamous cell cancer (OTSCC) on MR imaging to pathological depth of invasion (DOI) and prognosis, we aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of MR imaging findings of SHMI.

Method: Forty-five, early stages and clinically N0 OTSCCs were retrospectively reviewed. Data included pathological DOI, DOI on MR imagings, two-year potential cervical lymph node positive, locoregional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival.

Undetectability of oral tongue cancer on magnetic resonance imaging; clinical significance as a predictor to avoid unnecessary elective neck dissection in node negative patients.

Methods:: We retrospectively reviewed early stage oral tongue cancer patients treated with radical surgery with clinically N0, between May 2009 and February 2016. Collected data include age, sex, pathological DOI, DOI on MRI, locoregional control rate, disease-free survival rate, and overall survival rate. These data were statistically compared between the detectable lesion (DL) group and undetectable lesion (UL) group on MRI.

TS-071 is a novel, potent and selective renal sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with anti-hyperglycaemic activity.

Background And Purpose: The renal sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) plays an important role in the reuptake of filtered glucose in the proximal tubule and therefore may be an attractive target for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study characterizes the pharmacological profile of TS-071 ((1S)-1,5-anhydro-1-[5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl]-1-thio-D-glucitol hydrate), a novel SGLT2 inhibitor in vitro and in vivo.

Experimental Approach: Inhibition of glucose uptake by TS-071 was studied in CHO-K1 cells stably expressing either human SGLT1 or SGLT2.

(2S,4S)-4-Fluoro-1-{[(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile monobenzenesulfonate (TS-021) is a selective and reversible dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor.

The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has significant roles in the regulation of postprandial glucose metabolism, and the active form of GLP-1 is rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV. Therefore, DPP-IV inhibition is a promising approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the character of a DPP-IV inhibitor, TS-021, (2S, 4S)-4-fluoro-1-{[(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile monobenzenesulfonate both in vitro and in vivo.

Perfusion flow assessment of coronary shunt during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Background: Coronary shunts are widely used to prevent myocardial ischemia during off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCAB) procedures. Although clinical effectiveness has been reported, actual perfusion flow has not been well assessed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate actual shunt flow and its pattern during passive coronary perfusion in clinical OPCAB.

A highly potent 26,27-Hexafluoro-1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on calcification in SV40-transformed human fetal osteoblastic cells.

26,27-hexafluoro-1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (F6-D3) has been reported to be 5-10 times more potent than 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3] in biological systems in vivo and in vitro. However, the effect of F6-D3 on bone formation has yet to be clarified. In the present study, we investigated the effect of F6-D3 on SV40-transfected human fetal osteoblastic cells (SV-HFO) and found it to be about 100 times greater than that of 1,25(OH)2D3 in stimulating calcification.

Metabolism of 26,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 26,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha,23(S)25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 in ROS17/2.8 cells transfected with a plasmid expressing CYP24.

1. To clarify the possibility that the metabolism of 26,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [F6-1,25(OH)2D3] to 26,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha,23(S),25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 [F6-1,23,25(OH)3D3 and that of F6-1,23,25(OH)3D3 to 26,27-hexafluoro-23-oxo-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [F6-23-oxo-1,25(OH)2D3] are catalysed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase (CYP24), ROS17/2.8 cells transfected with a plasmid expressing CYP24 [pSVL-CYP24(+)] and a corresponding blank plasmid [pSLV-CYP24R(-)] were used.

Comparison of 26,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the resorption of bone explants ex vivo.

26,27-Hexafluoro-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [F6-1,25-(OH)2D3] is more potent than 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] in stimulating bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. The reason why F6-1,25(OH)2D3 is more active remains unclear. To clarify the relationship between the bone-resorbing activity of each vitamin D3 analogue and the metabolism of each analogue, in the present study, we used an ex vivo method that was established by Reynolds et al (Calcif Tissue Res, 1974, 15, 333-339).

Elongation of the side chain of analogs of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 prevents osteopenia in a rat model.

Five analogs of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] [1], 26,27-dimethyl-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2(Me)2D3] [2], 26,27-dimethyl-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2(Et)2D3] [3], 26,27-dipropyl-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2(Pr)2D3] [4], 26,27-dimethyl-24,24-difluoro-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24F2-1,25(OH)2(Me)2D3], and [5] 24a-homo-24,24-difluoro-1 alpha,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24aF2-homo-1,25(OH)2D3] were investigated to clarify the possibility that prevents osteopenia induced in rats by ovariectomy and sciatic neurotomy. The objective of our studies was to determine whether these analogs may be effective for treatment of subjects with osteoporosis. 1,25(OH)2(Me)2D3, 24F2-1,25(OH)2(Me)2D3, and 24aF2-homo-1,25(OH)2D3 prevented decreases in bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur, as measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Ganglioside GD1 alpha in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Its specific absence in mouse mutants with Purkinje cell abnormality and altered immunoreactivity in response to conjunctive stimuli causing long-term desensitization.

The alpha-series ganglioside, IV3NeuAc,III6NeuAcGgOse4-Cer(GD1 alpha), was previously identified as a minor constituent in bovine brain gangliosides (Hirabayashi, Y., Hyogo, A., Nakao, T.

Differences in metabolism between 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in cultured neonatal mouse calvaria.

We investigated the metabolism of 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (26,27-F6-1,25(OH)2D3, ST-630) and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin (1,25(OH)2D3) in cultured neonatal mouse calvaria to elucidate why ST-630 is more potent than 1,25(OH)2D3 in stimulating bone resorption in organ culture. The metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate or chloroform/methanol (1:1) from cultured calvaria or medium incubated with [3H]-ST-630 or [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 for various periods, and separated by high performance liquid chromatography. [3H]-ST-630 in cultured calvaria was converted to [3H]-26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha,23(S),25-trihydroxyvitamin D3(26,27-F6-1,23,25(OH)3D3,ST-232), which stimulated bone resorption equipotently as 1,25(OH)2D3.