Association between intelligence quotient and disability: The role of socioeconomic status.

Background: No study has investigated the association between intelligence quotient (IQ) and disability (i.e., difficulties in activities of daily living [ADL] or instrumental activities of daily living [IADL]) in the general population.

Exercise as Medicine for Mental and Substance Use Disorders: A Meta-review of the Benefits for Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Outcomes.

Background: Exercise may improve neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms in people with mental disorders, but the totality of the evidence is unclear. We conducted a meta-review of exercise in (1) serious mental illness (schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar disorder and major depression (MDD)); (2) anxiety and stress disorders; (3) alcohol and substance use disorders; (4) eating disorders (anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorders, and (5) other mental disorders (including ADHD, pre/post-natal depression).

Methods: Systematic searches of major databases from inception until 1/10/2018 were undertaken to identify meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise in people with clinically diagnosed mental disorders.

Perceived discrimination and psychotic experiences in the English general population.

Background: Perceived discrimination has been linked to psychotic experiences (PEs). However, as yet, information is lacking on the relationship between different forms of discrimination and PEs. This study examined this association in the English general population.

Associations between sexual activity and weight status: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Objective: To investigate the association between weight status and sexual activity in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis on Wave 6 (2012/13) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Data were from 2,200 men and 2,737 women aged ≥50 years (mean 68.

Cannabis use and leisure-time sedentary behavior among 94,035 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 24 low- and middle-income countries.

Adolescents spend a high proportion of their leisure time in sedentary behavior, which is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Exploring factors associated with leisure-time sedentary behavior (LTSB) is important for the development of targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to explore associations between cannabis use and LTSB in adolescents from 24 low- and middle-income countries.

Physical multimorbidity and subjective cognitive complaints among adults in the United Kingdom: a cross-sectional community-based study.

Our goal was to examine the association between physical multimorbidity and subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) using UK nationally representative cross-sectional community-based data, and to quantify the extent to which a broad range of mainly psychological and behavioral factors explain this relationship. Data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey were analyzed [N = 7399 adults, mean (SD) age 46.3 (18.

Correlates of physical activity among 142,118 adolescents aged 12-15 years from 48 low- and middle-income countries.

Physical inactivity is a serious public health concern in adolescents from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite this, only a few multinational studies has investigated correlates of physical activity (PA) in young adolescents in this part of the world. In this study, we identified physical activity correlates using data from the Global school-based Student Health Survey.

Allergies, infections, and psychiatric disorders among Black Americans: findings from the National Survey of American Life.

An emerging body of literature shows that allergies and infections are associated with psychiatric disorders, though there is little research to confirm these associations among Black Americans in the United States. We analyzed data from the National Survey of American Life, and used multivariable logistic regression models to examine the associations between past 12-month allergies/infections and past 12-month psychiatric disorders, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, tobacco use, lifetime diabetes, and body mass index. We found that allergies/infections were associated with mood, anxiety, and eating disorders, but not alcohol or substance use disorders.

Physical activity and loneliness among adults aged 50 years or older in six low- and middle-income countries.

Introduction: Loneliness is widespread and associated with deleterious outcomes in middle-aged and older age people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Physical activity is one potential psychosocial strategy with the potential to reduce loneliness in this population. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore associations between physical activity (PA) and loneliness in middle-aged and older people from six LMICs.

Declines in Sexual Activity and Function Predict Incident Health Problems in Older Adults: Prospective Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

The objective of this study was to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between declines in sexual activity and function and health outcomes in a large population-based sample of older adults. Data were from 2577 men and 3195 women aged ≥ 50 years participating in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Past-year changes in sexual desire, frequency of sexual activity, and ability to have an erection (men)/become sexually aroused (women) were assessed at baseline by self-completion questionnaire.

Sleep problems and depression among 237 023 community-dwelling adults in 46 low- and middle-income countries.

Sleep problems are considered a core symptom of depression. However, there is little information about the comorbidity of sleep problems and depression in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and whether sleep problems with depression confer additional risk for decrements in health compared to sleep problems alone. This study thus examined the association between sleep problems and depression and whether sleep problems with depression are associated with an increased risk for poorer health in 46 LMICs.

Association between cannabis use and sexual behavior among adolescents aged 12-15 years in 21 low- and middle-income countries.

Aims: To investigate the relationship between cannabis use and two sexual behaviors (ever had sex, multiple partners) in a large representative sample of adolescents aged 12-15 years from 21 low- and-middle income countries.

Methods: Data from 84,867 adolescents aged 12-15 years participating in the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analyzed. Participants reported lifetime frequency of cannabis use (analyzed as 0, 1-2, 3-19 or ≥ 20 times), whether they had ever had sexual intercourse (yes/no) and, if yes, their lifetime number of sexual partners.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Diverse Physical Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses of Observational Studies.

Background: Our aim was to assess both the credibility and strength of evidence arising from systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies and physical health outcomes associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but not acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Methods: We performed an umbrella review of observational studies. Evidence was graded as convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, or nonsignificant.

Association of bullying victimization with overweight and obesity among adolescents from 41 low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Data on the association between overweight/obesity and bullying victimization among adolescents are scarce from low- and middle-income countries.

Objectives: We assessed the associations between overweight/obesity and bullying victimization in 41 low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analysed.

Syndemic effects of HIV risk behaviours: results from the NHANES study.

The aim of the present study is to use the syndemic framework to investigate the risk of contracting HIV in the US population. Cross-sectional analyses are from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We extracted and aggregated data on HIV antibody test, socio-demographic characteristics, alcohol use, drug use, depression, sexual behaviours and sexually transmitted diseases from cycle 2009-2010 to 2015-2016.

Is there a relationship between chocolate consumption and symptoms of depression? A cross-sectional survey of 13,626 US adults.

Objective: To examine associations between chocolate consumption and depressive symptoms in a large, representative sample of US adults.

Methods: The data were from 13,626 adults (≥20 years) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2007-08 and 2013-14. Daily chocolate consumption was derived from two 24-hr dietary recalls.

Leisure-Time Sedentary Behavior, Alcohol Consumption, and Sexual Intercourse Among Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years in 19 Countries From Africa, the Americas, and Asia.

Background: The association between sedentary behavior and sexual behavior has not been investigated among adolescents.

Aim: The aim of this study was to: (i) investigate the association between leisure-time sedentary behavior and sexual intercourse, and (ii) test for mediation by alcohol consumption, drug use, physical activity, bullying victimization, parental support/monitoring, loneliness, and depressive symptoms in a large global sample of young adolescents.

Methods: Data were analyzed from 34,674 adolescents aged 12-15 years participating in the Global School-based Student Health Survey.

Do Older People with Diabetes Meet the Recommended Weekly Physical Activity Targets? An Analysis of Objective Physical Activity Data.

Appropriate management of diabetes mellitus (DM) includes following a healthy lifestyle, in which reaching physical activity (PA) recommendations is an important factor. Despite this, it remains unclear whether people with DM meet the recommended PA targets. We therefore aimed to investigate the proportion of older adults with DM (type 1 and 2) engaging in the recommended amount of PA per week in a cross-sectional study.