The Levels of Cortisol and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Red Deer Harvested during Stalking Hunts.

As a reactive species, the red deer is sensitive to both negative exogenous and endogenous stimuli. An intensive hunting period may have a particularly negative impact on game animals. The aim of this study was to determine the plasma cortisol level and biochemical parameters in 25 wild red deer () harvested during stalking hunts in correlation with the sex and age of the animals.

Equine Asthma Does Not Affect Circulating Myostatin Concentrations in Horses.

(1) Background: The number of horses suffering from chronic respiratory diseases, resembling human asthma, is increasing but there is still a lack of reliable and accurate methods to detect these disorders. Numerous studies have found elevated plasma concentrations of one of the myokines, namely, myostatin (MSTN), in people suffering from severe asthma. MSTN normally inhibits myoblast proliferation and differentiation through autocrine or paracrine signals.

Plasma relaxin, estrogens and progestogens concentration in coldblooded and hot-blood mares in the second half of gestation.

Monitoring estrogens, progestogens, and relaxin plasma concentration can be important for determining pregnancies at risk of failure in mares. However, significant breed-related differences in values of reproductive hormones are known, and data concerning coldblooded (CB) mares are missing. The aim of the study was to determine and compare serum relaxin, estrone sulphate (E1S), estradiol-17β (E2), and progestogens concentration in pregnant CB and hot-blood (HB) mares during the second half of gestation.

Physiological response of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during stalking hunts depending on age.

Background: The European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is a species particularly reactive to all kinds of negative stimuli. Hunting activity is one of the most potent stressors that disturbs the welfare of wild animals. During stress, various endocrine responses are elicited to improve the physical performance of the affected individual.

Profiling of Barley, Wheat, and Rye and Genes during Grain Germination.

This research is about the profiling of barley ( L.), wheat ( L.), and rye ( L.

The Influence of Exercise Intensity on Tryptophan Metabolites in Thoroughbred Horses.

Catabolism of tryptophan (Trp) is modulated by physical activity and provides a pool of active compounds: Trp is considered a calmative agent, kynurenine (Kyn) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKyn) show neurotoxic effects, kynurenic acid (Kyna) and xanthurenic acid (XA) have neuroprotective properties like nicotinamide (NAm), while serotonin is the neurotransmitter. The study was conducted to investigate the dependence of exercise intensity, measured by plasma lactic acid (LA) concentration, on the level of Trp, its catabolites (serotonin, Kyn, 3-HKyn, Kyna and XA), and NAm in Thoroughbred horses. A total of 18 young race Thoroughbred horses were investigated during exercise tests.

Does the type of exercise affect tryptophan catabolism in horses?

Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid which metabolises via the kynurenine pathway to generate a number of bioactive substances referred to as kynurenines. Among those are 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKyn) and quinolinic acid, which are neurotoxic, as well as kynurenic acid (Kyna) and xanthurenic acid (XA), which, similarly to nicotinamide (NAm), show neuroprotective and anti-depressive effects. Routine exercise is known to modulate Trp metabolism in skeletal muscle and is thus believed to reduce the risk of depressive states in humans and laboratory animals.

Plasma Activin A and Decorin in Exercised Purebred Arabian Horses - Preliminary Study.

Development of the musculoskeletal system occurs, in part, through an impact on regulatory proteins, such as activin A and decorin. Activin A induces atrophic effects on skeletal muscle, and decorin regulates the formation of connective tissue proteins like collagen and elastin in tendons and ligaments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different intensities of exercise on blood plasma activin A and decorin concentrations in horses.

The Concentration of Selected Heavy Metals in Muscles, Liver and Kidneys of Pigs Fed Standard Diets and Diets Containing 60% of New Rye Varieties.

The carry-over of heavy metals from feed to muscles is generally low if animals are fed with a standard diet containing amounts below the maximum permissible levels. However, prolonged exposure to heavy metals can lead to their accumulation in some organs like muscles, liver, and kidneys. This paves the way for human health risks related to the consumption of products of animal-origin.

Concentrations of Circulating Irisin and Myostatin in Race and Endurace Purebred Arabian Horses-Preliminary Study.

Skeletal muscle is considered to be the largest endocrine organ determining the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Adaptive changes in skeletal muscles in response to physical exercise influence the production as well as secretion of myokines, which are bioactive factors that play a crucial role in energy expenditure processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of two different types of exercise on the circulating level of two of these, myostatin and irisin, in trained horses.

Bee Pollen Supplementation to Aged Horses Influences Several Blood Parameters.

In humans and animals, aging leads to a decrease in immune function and an increased susceptibility to infection. Decreased immunity and an increase in the incidence of infectious diseases are particularly notable during the autumn. Bee pollen supplementation improves immunity and antioxidant enzyme activity, as well as general performance.

Plasma Apelin Concentration in Exercised Horses: Preliminary Study.

Physical effort is one of the key aspects of keeping horses in good condition. The condition of the animal is reflected by multiple blood parameters. The newly discovered cytokine-apelin can pose one of them, however, so far, has not been studied in the horse population.

Analysis of mechanical properties of bones and tendons shows that modern hybrid rye can be introduced to corn-wheat based diet in broiler chickens as an alternative energy source irrespective of xylanase supplementation.

This study focused on analyzing the effects of inclusion of modern hybrid rye to corn-wheat diet on mechanical properties of bones and tendons. A total of 224 broiler chickens were fed a diet without rye inclusion or a diet containing 15% of hybrid rye cv. Brasetto.

Intestinal mucosa develops in a sex-dependent manner in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) fed Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1. The aim of study was to investigate whether the impact of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the histological structure of the intestine, innervation of the small intestine wall, and basal biochemical serum parameters in Japanese quail was sex dependent. 2.

Gut-bone axis response to dietary replacement of soybean meal with raw low-tannin faba bean seeds in broiler chickens.

It seems that faba bean (FB) seeds could be a good protein-energy component in animal feed, but the presence of anti-nutritional substances limits their use as a substitute of soybean meal. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of different concentrations of raw, low-tannin, FB seeds on the gut-bone axis in Ross 308 broilers. One-day old chickens were randomly subjected to one of the 3 dietary treatments: the control group was fed standard diet based on soybean meal and without FB seeds, and two groups were fed 8%/15% and 16%/22% of raw low-tannin FB seeds in the starter and grower, respectively.

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii among domestic ruminants and horses in Poland.

Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever. The cases of the disease are recorded in various species, including domestic animals. The aim of this investigation was to estimate the seroprevalence of C.

The effect of relaxing massage on heart rate and heart rate variability in purebred Arabian racehorses.

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of relaxing massage on the heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in young racehorses during their first racing season. In the study, 72 Purebred Arabian racehorses were included. The study was implemented during the full race season.

Changes in salivary and plasma cortisol levels in Purebred Arabian horses during race training session.

Physical activity and stress both cause an increase in cortisol release ratio. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of saliva samples for the determination of cortisol concentrations indicating the work-load level in horses during race training. Twelve Purebred Arabian horses aged 3-5 years were studied during the routine training session.

Blood phagocyte activity after race training sessions in Thoroughbred and Arabian horses.

Intensive exercise and exertion during competition promote many changes that may result in the impairment of immunity and increased susceptibility to infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of "the first line of defense": neutrophils and monocytes in racing Thoroughbred and Arabian horses after routine training sessions. Twenty-three (12 Thoroughbred and 11 Arabian) horses were examined.

The effect of interval versus continuous exercise on plasma leptin and ghrelin concentration in young trotters.

The effect of interval vs. continuous exercise on plasma leptin and ghrelin concentration in young Standardbred horses was studied. The experiment was conducted on 27 trotters, in the age between 2 and 3 years.

Plasma leptin level in hyperlipidemic mares and their newborn foals.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma leptin and lipid levels in breeding mares and their newborn foals. The study was conducted on 17 Polish cold-blood mares and their newborn foals. The mares were divided into two groups, according to the course of delivery.

A concept analysis of decisional involvement.

The purpose of this article is to examine the phenomenon of "decisional involvement" using the process of concept analysis as outlined by Walker and Avant in Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing. Today, nurses practice in a complex healthcare environment that is often structured within the organizational framework of shared governance. This framework advocates nurses having a voice in decisions that are made concerning their work environment and practice.

The effectiveness of enzymatic replacement therapy measured by turbidimetry and the lipaemic index in exocrine pancreatic insufficient young, growing pigs, fed a high-fat diet.

Purpose: Conventionally, the management of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) involves the consumption of a specific diet as well as the replacement of pancreatic enzymes, the effectiveness of which is usually measured by a classical method of blood analyses of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and triglycerides (TG). Dietary supplementation with a pancreatic enzyme preparation (PEP), in conjunction with a high-fat diet, on growth performance, digestibility and absorption (analysed using turbidimetry) of dietary fat in pigs with EPI was investigated.

Materials/methods: EPI was developed by surgical ligation of the pancreatic duct of six male pigs, 6 weeks of age.

Critical assessment of the methylphenidate transdermal system.

Introduction of the methylphenidate transdermal system (MTS) provides a different way of delivery for the most widely prescribed agent used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The MTS delivery system provides good absorption of the active ingredient. Maximal plasma concentration of methylphenidate occurs from seven to nine hours after patch placement.