Lysate of prevents severe forms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating the priming of T cell response.

The gut microbiota influences the reactivity of the immune system, and has emerged as an anti-inflammatory commensal. Here, we investigated whether its lysate could prevent severe forms of neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice and how this preventive strategy affects the gut microbiota and immune response. Lysate of anaerobically cultured (Pd lysate) was orally administered to C57BL/6 mice in four weekly doses.

Missed diagnosis of Fabry disease: should we screen patients with multiple sclerosis?

Introduction: Fabry disease (FD) can be undiagnosed in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS) due to similar clinical and paraclinical features. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence (and the necessity of screening) of FD among patients with possible or definite MS.

Methods: In this prospective monocentric observational study, we included consecutive patients enrolled between May 2017 and May 2019 after the first clinical event suggestive of MS.

To be or not to be vaccinated: The risk of MS or NMOSD relapse after COVID-19 vaccination and infection.

Background: COVID-19 vaccination and infection are speculated to increase the activity of immune-mediated diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). The aim of this study was to evaluate a short-term risk of relapse after COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19 infection in patients with these demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system and to determine disease exacerbation risk factors.

Methods: Data in this retrospective, observational cohort study was collected via the Czech nationwide registry ReMuS from March 1, 2020, to October 30, 2021.

Multiple Sclerosis and Microbiome.

The composition of microbiota and the gut-brain axis is increasingly considered a factor in the development of various pathological conditions. The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the CNS, is complex and interactions within the gut-brain axis may be relevant in the development and the course of MS. In this article, we focus on the relationship between gut microbiota and the pathophysiology of MS.

Identification of Good Practices in Long-Term Exercise-Based Rehabilitation Programs in Stroke Patients.

Physical activity is an important factor for primary and secondary stroke prevention. The process of stroke rehabilitation includes early and late physical activity and exercise, which prevents further stoke and improve patients' quality of life. MY WAY project, an ERASMUS+ SPORT program, is aimed at analyzing and developing or transferring best innovative practices related to physical activity and exercise enhancing health in poststroke patients.

Understanding the positive benefit:risk profile of alemtuzumab in relapsing multiple sclerosis: perspectives from the Alemtuzumab Clinical Development Program.

The introduction of high-efficacy therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis has driven re-evaluation of treatment goals and benefit:risk considerations in treatment choice. In the alemtuzumab Phase II and III clinical trials, patients treated with alemtuzumab 12 mg versus subcutaneous interferon beta-1a demonstrated significantly reduced annualized relapse rates and improved magnetic resonance imaging outcomes, and were significantly more likely to achieve no evidence of disease activity and reduction in brain volume loss. In two of the studies, alemtuzumab-treated patients had a significantly reduced risk of 6-month confirmed disease worsening, compared with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a.

MxA mRNA decrease preceding NAb detection in IFNβ-treated MS patients.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with interferon beta (IFNβ) are at risk of a declining response to treatment because of the production of IFNβ-neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The expression of Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) mRNA is regarded as a marker of IFNβ bioactivity.

Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the kinetics of MxA mRNA expression during long-term IFNβ treatment and assess its relationship to NAb production.

Myxovirus Resistance Protein A mRNA Expression Kinetics in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with IFNβ.

Introduction: Interferon-β (IFNß) is the first-line treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) is a marker of IFNß bioactivity, which may be reduced by neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against IFNß. The aim of the study was to analyze the kinetics of MxA mRNA expression during long-term IFNβ treatment and assess its predictive value.

Alemtuzumab in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: key clinical trial results and considerations for use.

Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody therapy that has recently been approved in over 30 countries for patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. It acts by targeting CD52, an antigen primarily expressed on T and B lymphocytes, resulting in their depletion and subsequent repopulation. The alemtuzumab clinical development program used an active comparator, subcutaneous interferon beta-1a, to show that alemtuzumab is a highly efficacious disease-modifying therapy, with benefits on relapses, disability outcomes, and freedom from clinical disease and magnetic resonance imaging activity.

High-dose immunoablation with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in aggressive multiple sclerosis: a single centre 10-year experience.

There are multiple sclerosis patients who suffer from an aggressive course of the disease with severe relapses and rapid accumulation of disability despite adequate treatment. In such cases high-dose immunoablation with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) may be considered. Our objective was to report our experience with 26 multiple sclerosis patients treated with ASCT within the years 1998-2008.

[Future possibilities of the multiple sclerosis treatment].

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Pathogenetic mechanisms involve inflammation and neurodegeneration leading to myelin sheaths destruction and irreversible nerve fibre loss. At present mainly the inflammatory part can be influenced and undoubtedly only the earliest beginning of the treatment can effectively postpone irreversible disability.