The influence of pectins and cellulose in the mechanical and adhesive properties of seed mucilage.

Several plant seeds release a mucilaginous envelope through hydration, rich in pectins and stabilized by cellulose fibers. This mucilage aids in seed protection, development, and adhesion for dispersal. This study aimed to separate the effects of pectins and cellulose fibers by using pectinase to remove mucilage pectins, leaving cellulose arrays, and performing wet and dry pull-off force measurements on seeds of three plant species: Salvia hispanica (Chia), Collomia grandiflora (Collomia) and Linum usitatissimum (Flax).

Kinematics and directionality of body turning in water striders (Gerris argentatus) on the water surface.

Water striders inhabit the elastic surface tension film of water, sharing their environment with other aquatic organisms. Their survival relies heavily on swift maneuverability and navigation around floating obstacles, which aids in the exploration of their habitat and in escaping from potential threats. Their high agility is strongly based on the ability to execute precise turns, enabling effective directional control.

A checklist of Eucnemidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea) from Iran.

The distribution of Eucnemidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea) of Iran is summarized and an annotated checklist of the Iranian Eucnemidae is provided. A total of 16 species within 13 genera in four subfamilies of the family are listed.

Room Temperature Magnetic Skyrmions in Gradient-Composition Engineered CoPt Single Layers.

Topologically protected magnetic skyrmions in magnetic materials are stabilized by an interfacial or bulk Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Interfacial DMI decays with an increase of the magnetic layer thickness in just a few nanometers, and bulk DMI typically stabilizes magnetic skyrmions at low temperatures. Consequently, more flexibility in the manipulation of DMI is required for utilizing nanoscale skyrmions in energy-efficient memory and logic devices at room temperature (RT).

Extreme events in frequency-swept semiconductor lasers.

We analyze a delay differential equation model for a frequency-swept semiconductor laser and demonstrate existence of extreme events in its dynamics, with probabilities heavily dependent on the sweep rate. The extreme events appear even in absence of any noise in the system and do not exhibit significant dependence on its presence. We investigate the problem numerically and show that intensity dynamics of these events are highly localized in the filter detuning space.

Sexual dimorphism in the structural colours of the wings of the black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae).

The black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) plays a significant role at the larval stage in the circular economy due to its ability to convert organic waste into valuable products for energy, food, feed, and agricultural applications. Many data are available on larval development and biomass generation, but basic research on this species is lacking and little is known about adult biology, in particular about the cues involved in sexual recognition. In the present study, using various instruments (stereomicroscope, scanning and transmission electron microscope, hyperspectral camera and spectrophotometer), wing ultrastructure of both sexes was analysed, reflectance and transmission spectra of the wings were measured and behavioural bioassays were carried out to measure male response to specific visual stimuli.

Development of a measuring technique based on JET second D-T campaign (DTE2) experience for assessing fusion power at ITER during D-T operation using the radial gamma-ray spectrometer.

The ITER Radial Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (RGRS) consists of three gamma-ray detectors observing the plasma through three collimated, coplanar, radial lines of sight (LoS). The system was initially designed to monitor the runaway electron emission and the alpha-particle density profile [Nocente et al., Nucl.

Structure, mechanical and adhesive properties of the cellulosic mucilage in Ocimum basilicum seeds.

Plant seeds and fruits, like those of Ocimum basilicum, develop a mucilaginous envelope rich in pectins and cellulosic fibers upon hydration. This envelope promotes adhesion for attachment to soils and other substrates for dispersal and protection of the seed for a safe germination. Initially at hydration, the mucilage envelope demonstrates low adhesion and friction, but shows increasing adhesive and frictional properties during dehydration.

[The interactions along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the regulation of circadian rhythms, sleep mechanisms and disorders].

The bidirectional relationship between cerebral structures and the gastrointestinal tract involving the microbiota embraces the scientific concept of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The gut microbiome plays an important role in many physiological and biochemical processes of the human body, in the immune response and maintenance of homeostasis, as well as in the regulation of circadian rhythms. There is a relationship between the higher prevalence of a number of neurological disorders, sleep disorders and changes in the intestinal microbiota, which actualizes the study of the complex mechanisms of such correlation for the development of new treatment and prevention strategies.

Cartilage-Specific Gene Expression and Extracellular Matrix Deposition in the Course of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Chondrogenic Differentiation in 3D Spheroid Culture.

Articular cartilage damage still remains a major problem in orthopedical surgery. The development of tissue engineering techniques such as autologous chondrocyte implantation is a promising way to improve clinical outcomes. On the other hand, the clinical application of autologous chondrocytes has considerable limitations.

Enhanced thermophilic high-solids anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste with spatial separation from conductive materials in a single reactor volume.

Despite benefits such as lower water and working volume requirements, thermophilic high solids anaerobic digestion (THSAD) often fails due to the rapid build-up of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and the associated drop in pH. Use of conductive materials (CM) can promote THSAD through stimulation of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), while the need for their constant dosing due to poor separation from effluent impairs economic feasibility. This study used an approach of spatially separating magnetite and granular activated carbon (GAC) from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) in a single reactor for THSAD.

The puncture mechanics: an example from the bed bug showing traumatic insemination using the paramere.

Cimicidae are well-known for traumatic insemination, and males pierce females with their parameres and transfer sperm through them. The shape of parameres is relatively stable in the family, but in some genera, the paramere is elongated, appearing less resistant against lateral deflection. To understand the mechanical limitations of the paramere, we studied its penetration mechanics of the common bed bug, .

[Fatal radiation-induced injury resulting from the deliberate use of ionizing radiation source for illegal purposes].

A rare clinical observation of death from prolonged uneven external irradiation due to the deliberate use of an ionizing radiation source for illegal purposes has been presented. The main difficulties of postmortem diagnosis of this type of radiation-induced injury, considering the features of histological examinations and special methods of retrospective dosimetric evaluations, have been identified.

[Conceptual approaches to defining the one-pointedness of forensic expert institutions as a factor determining the effectiveness of their interaction].

Is to identify the effectiveness of cooperation between forensic expert institutions on the basis of approaches to determining their one-pointedness. Legislative and regulatory legal acts regulating forensic expert activity have been studied. Methods of synthesis, analysis and comparison have been used for their processing.

[Features of detection and interpretation of intravital and postmortem changes according to the results of traditional X-ray and X-ray computed tomography of objects from historical graves and artefacts].

Objective: To study emergence mechanism, physical nature, pattern of intravital and postmortem changes of biological and non-biological objects originated in the period from 1550 to 1918 yr. using traditional X-ray and X-ray computed tomography.

Material And Methods: The relics of Saint Macarius the Roman of Novgorod, the remains of the First Reverend of the Resurrection Novodevichy Convent in Saint Petersburg Mother Superior Theophania, damages on the chair leg on which Tsesarevich Alexey sat during the shooting of Russian Emperor Nicholas II, his family and entourage in 1918 in Yekaterinburg were stidued.

[Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education - the leading educational institution in the country for the training of forensic medical personnel (for the 90th anniversary from the establishment of the department of forensic medicine)].

The article presents a detailed analysis of the stages of formation, development and achievements of the forensic medicine department of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, established in 1933 yr. More than 100 resident doctors and 15 PhD students have been trained in the department for 90 years. As a part of additional professional education implementation, more than 800 cycles of training courses for forensic medical and forensic experts and more than 30 cycles of professional retraining for doctors of other specialties have been carried out.

Origin and dispersal history of Hepatitis B virus in Eastern Eurasia.

Hepatitis B virus is a globally distributed pathogen and the history of HBV infection in humans predates 10000 years. However, long-term evolutionary history of HBV in Eastern Eurasia remains elusive. We present 34 ancient HBV genomes dating between approximately 5000 to 400 years ago sourced from 17 sites across Eastern Eurasia.

Denosumab induction and Zoledronic acid maintenance therapy for recurrent unresectable giant cell tumour of the distal tibia: A case report with sustained tumour control after drug withdrawal.

A 31-year-old woman was diagnosed with a recurrent and rapidly growing giant cell tumour of distal tibia with skin ulceration after intralesional curettage. The patient started on Denosumab 120 mg subcutaneously, once per month with additional loading doses on Days 8 and 15 attempting to avoid below-knee amputation. Twelve doses of Denosumab were administered in 9 months, resulting in resolution of pain, reduction of tumour size and calcification.

Enhancing the Spin Hall Effect of Cylindrically Polarized Beams.

Two linked gear wheels in a micromachine can be simultaneously rotated in opposite directions by using a laser beam that has in its section areas the spin angular momentum (SAM) of the opposite sign. However, for instance, a cylindrical vector beam has zero SAM in the focus. We alter a cylindrical vector beam so as to generate areas in its focus where the SAM is of opposite signs.

A new remarkable species of Xyletinus Latreille, 1809 (Coleoptera: Ptinidae: Xyletininae) from southern Kazakhstan.

Xyletinus (Xeronthobius) diaphanus sp. n. from southern Kazakhstan is described, illustrated, and compared with the known members of the subgenus.

Short delay limit of the delayed Duffing oscillator.

The delayed Duffing equation, x^{″}+ɛx^{'}+x+x^{3}+cx(t-τ)=0, admits a Hopf bifurcation which becomes singular in the limit ɛ→0 and τ=O(ɛ)→0. To resolve this singularity, we develop an asymptotic theory where x(t-τ) is Taylor expanded in powers of τ. We derive a minimal system of ordinary differential equations that captures the Hopf bifurcation branch of the original delay differential equation.

[The scientific conceptions of disability in the Soviet state in the 1930s].

The article analyzes development of scientific conceptions of disability in works of Soviet researchers during the period of forced construction of socialism. The materials of the dissertation abstract of employee of the North Caucasian Scientific and Research Institute of Labor Organization and Protection (1933), as well as publications of staff of the Leningrad Scientific and Research Institute of Medical and Labor Expertise and Professional Consultation (1935-1940) were explored. The positions of various authors concerning priority of medical examination in the process of disability expertise are considered.