Exploring sperm cell motion dynamics: Insights from genetic algorithm-based analysis.

Accurate analysis of sperm cell flagellar dynamics plays a crucial role in understanding sperm motility as flagella parameters determine cell behavior in the spatiotemporal domain. In this study, we introduce a novel approach by harnessing Genetic Algorithms (GA) to analyze sperm flagellar motion characteristics and compare the results with the traditional decomposition method based on Fourier analysis. Our analysis focuses on extracting key parameters of the equation approximating flagellar shape, including beating period time, bending amplitude, mean curvature, and wavelength.

47f: Bioadaptation to Low Doses of Xenobiotics in Aquaculture.

Agricultural and industrial activities are increasing pollution of water bodies with low doses of xenobiotics that have detrimental effects on aquaculture. The aim of this work was to determine the possibility of using 47f culture in fish aquaculture under the influence of low doses of xenobiotics as an adaptogen. An increase in the survival of individuals exposed to the xenobiotic bisphenol A solution and fed with the 47f was shown compared to control groups and, at the same time, the cytokine profile in the intestinal tissues of was also investigated.

Prokaryote- and Eukaryote-Based Expression Systems: Advances in Post-Pandemic Viral Antigen Production for Vaccines.

This review addresses the ongoing global challenge posed by emerging and evolving viral diseases, underscoring the need for innovative vaccine development strategies. It focuses on the modern approaches to creating vaccines based on recombinant proteins produced in different expression systems, including bacteria, yeast, plants, insects, and mammals. This review analyses the advantages, limitations, and applications of these expression systems for producing vaccine antigens, as well as strategies for designing safer, more effective, and potentially 'universal' antigens.

Theoretical Study of the Influence of Electroconvection on the Efficiency of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Modes in ED Desalination.

Pulsed electric field (PEF) modes of electrodialysis (ED) are known for their efficiency in mitigating the fouling of ion-exchange membranes. Many authors have also reported the possibility of increasing the mass transfer/desalination rate and reducing energy costs. In the literature, such possibilities were theoretically studied using 1D modeling, which, however, did not consider the effect of electroconvection.

Vapor Channel Oscillations in Laser Lithotripsy.

Objectives: Laser-based endoscopic procedures present special challenges to deliver energy for ablation or coagulation of target tissues. When optical fiber-target quasi-contact (< 0.5 mm distance) cannot be maintained or is undesirable, the creation of intervening vapor bubbles and channels provide for the necessary transmission of laser energy to the target.

Identification of Reliable Reference Genes for Use in Gene Expression Studies in Rat Febrile Seizure Model.

The study of the pathogenesis of febrile seizures and their consequences frequently necessitates gene expression analysis. The primary methodology employed for such analysis is reverse transcription with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). To ensure the accuracy of data obtained by RT-qPCR, it is crucial to utilize stably expressed reference genes.

PPARβ/δ Agonist GW0742 Modulates Microglial and Astroglial Gene Expression in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

The role of astroglial and microglial cells in the pathogenesis of epilepsy is currently under active investigation. It has been proposed that the activity of these cells may be regulated by the agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptors (PPARs). This study investigated the effects of a seven-day treatment with the PPAR β/δ agonist GW0742 (Fitorine, 5 mg/kg/day) on the behavior and gene expression of the astroglial and microglial proteins involved in the regulation of epileptogenesis in the rat brain within a lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures Cause Short-Term Changes in the Phenotype of Microglial and Astroglial Cells in the Hippocampus and Temporal Cortex of Young Male Wistar Rats.

Astrocytes and microglia can adopt two distinct phenotypes in various pathological processes: neurotoxic A1/M1 and neuroprotective A2/M2. Recent evidence suggests that these cells play a significant role in epileptogenesis. The objective of this study was to characterize the phenotype of astrocytes and microglial cells in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of young male Wistar rats at 3 h, 1, 3, and 7 days after pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures.

Protocol for semiautomated analysis of sensory neuronal innervation of the mouse footpad skin.

Here, we present a protocol for staining murine skin innervation by either a pan-axonal marker or a genetic tracer of sensory neuron subtypes using floating sections. We also describe steps for using a new MATLAB-based semiautomated routine that facilitates the quantification of innervation density. This protocol can also be applied to other organs, such as the mouse's spinal cord and tongue.

Wuhan Sequence-Based Recombinant Antigens Expressed in Elicit Antibodies Capable of Binding with Omicron S-Protein.

The development of cross-reactive vaccines is one of the central aims of modern vaccinology. Continuous mutation and the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and subvariants create the problem of universal coronavirus vaccine design. Previously, the authors devised three recombinant coronavirus antigens, which were based on the sequence collected in 2019 (the Wuhan variant) and produced in an bacterial expression system.

Treatment of Urolithiasis with Thulium Fiber Laser in Fragmentation Mode Using Optimized Pulse Sequences.

The super-pulsed thulium fiber laser (SP TFL) is a new alternative to high-power holmium laser for intracorporeal lithotripsy. The SP TFL has shown advantages in dusting regimes, but benefits in fragmentation regimes are less understood. The second-generation SP TFL introduces an advanced fragmentation pulse (AFP) sequence to maximize SP TFL's efficiency in fragmentation.

Development and application of EpitopeScan, a Python3 toolset for mutation tracking in SARS-CoV-2 immunogenic epitopes.

Introduction: Outbreaks of coronaviruses and especially the recent COVID-19 pandemic emphasize the importance of immunological research in this area to mitigate the effect of future incidents. Bioinformatics approaches are capable of providing multisided insights from virus sequencing data, although currently available software options are not entirely suitable for a specific task of mutation surveillance within immunogenic epitopes of SARS-CoV-2.

Method: Here, we describe the development of a mutation tracker, EpitopeScan, a Python3 package with command line and graphical user interface tools facilitating the investigation of the mutation dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 epitopes via analysis of multiple-sequence alignments of genomes over time.

Time- and Region-Specific Selection of Reference Genes in the Rat Brain in the Lithium-Pilocarpine Model of Acquired Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Reverse transcription followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a commonly used tool for gene expression analysis. The selection of stably expressed reference genes is required for accurate normalization. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization in various brain regions of rats at different stages of the lithium-pilocarpine model of acquired epilepsy.

A Dual-Mode Near-Infrared Optical and Photoacoustic Imaging Agent Based on a Low Energy Absorbing Ytterbium Complex.

Near-infrared (NIR) luminescence and photoacoustic (PA) imaging have attracted increasing attention for the real-time monitoring of biological samples due to high sensitivity, resolution, and pronounced signal detection depth, respectively. For improved contrast, both techniques require imaging agents possessing high absorption in the red-NIR range. Herein, we took advantage of a ternary complex formed with the anionic ytterbium(III) (2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate) ([Yb(tta)]) and the cationic NIR-absorbing chromophore, 1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-dicarbocyanine (Cy), to evaluate its potential to act as a dual-mode NIR luminescence and PA imaging agent.

[Experience with the use of bacteriophages in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, complicated by recurrent lower urinary tract infection].

Clinical cases of three patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, complicated by chronic urinary tract infection are presented in the article. All patients underwent clean intermittent catheterization and, in order to prevent symptomatic lower urinary tract infections, received bacteriophage therapy with a clinically proven positive effect. During 3 months follow-up, there were no episodes of urinary tract infection.

Analyte Extension Method Validation of Elemental Analysis Manual Method 4.7 for Six Additional Elements, Cobalt (Co), Strontium (Sr), Thallium (Tl), Tin (Sn), Uranium (U), and Vanadium (V).

Background: An interlaboratory study was conducted at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Northeast Food and Feed Laboratory (NFFL) and the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) with the purpose to expand FDA Elemental Analysis Manual (EAM) method 4.

Bystander Intervention in Football and Sports. A Quasi-Experimental Feasibility Study of a Bystander Violence Prevention Program in the United Kingdom.

In recent years, social campaigns and high-profile cases have brought increased attention to violence against women. Athletes can be role models, shaping both prosocial and antisocial attitudes. Their engagement in violence prevention could be an effective tool to tackle violence against women through bystander intervention.

Reference Gene Validation in the Embryonic and Postnatal Brain in the Rat Hyperhomocysteinemia Model.

Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia (HCY) induced by genetic defects in methionine cycle enzymes or vitamin imbalance is known to be a pathologic factor that can impair embryonal brain development and cause long-term consequences in the postnatal brain development as well as changes in the expression of neuronal genes. Studies of the gene expression on this model requires the selection of optimal housekeeping genes. This work aimed to analyze the expression stability of housekeeping genes in offspring brain.

[Indocyanine green fluorescence in thoracoscopic segmentectomy: indications and benefits].

Objective: To determine the role of ICG fluorescence in segmentectomies.

Material And Methods: One surgical team performed 178 thoracoscopic anatomical segmentectomies in two hospitals between 2017 and 2023. Of these, 93 (52.

NeuroClick: software for mimicking click reaction to generate drug-like molecules permeating the blood-brain barrier.

Traditional methods for chemical library generation in virtual screening often impose limitations on the accessible chemical space or produce synthetically irrelevant structures. Incorporating common chemical reactions into generative algorithms could offer significant benefits. In this study, we developed NeuroClick, a graphical user interface software designed to perform in silico azide-alkyne cycloaddition, a widely utilized synthetic approach in modern medicinal chemistry.

[Improving surgical technique for tracheal resection with anastomosis].

Objective: To present modern aspects of improving surgical techniques in tracheal resection developed in recent years.

Material And Methods: The authors have the most extensive experience in tracheal surgery (>2.000 patients over the past 50 years).

Theoretical Analysis of the Influence of Spacers on Salt Ion Transport in Electromembrane Systems Considering the Main Coupled Effects.

This article considers a theoretical analysis of the influence of the main coupled effects and spacers on the transfer of salt ions in electromembrane systems (EMS) using a 2D mathematical model of the transfer process in a desalting channel with spacers based on boundary value problems for the coupled system of Nernst-Planck-Poisson and Navier-Stokes equations. The basic patterns of salt ion transport have been established, taking into account diffusion, electromigration, forced convection, electroconvection, dissociation/recombination reactions of water molecules, as well as spacers located inside the desalting channel. It has been shown that spacers and taking into account the dissociation/recombination reaction of water molecules significantly change both the formation and development of electroconvection.