[Intravital and postmortem morphological studies and magnetic resonance imaging of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia].

The authors conducted histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric studies of 47 endomyocardial biopsies and 33 hearts with a high morphological criterion for the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia after F.I. Marcus et al.

[Myocardial morphological changes in atrial fibrillation].

Hearts of 21 died patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) have been studied by histlological and morphometrical methods. The atrial auricles derived after operation of 66 patients with heart diseases and IHD have been researched by automatic semiquantitative and immunohistochemical techniques. In general atrial fibrillation (AF) has been evident in chronic myocarditis probably conditioned by viral infections.

[Analysis of the quality of lifetime diagnosis of renal cancer].

The quality of the clinical and postmortem diagnosis of renal cancer was studied, by examining 510 cases of nephrectomies and resections of the kidney for its masses over 10 years. The clinical diagnosis of the stage of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from the data available in the inpatients records cannot be considered qualitative in 76% of cases. Joint material cutting by a surgeon and a pathologist is the most important predictor that significantly affects the quality of lifetime clinical diagnosis of the TNM stage of renal cancer.

[Analysis of survival rates in patients and prognostic models in non-metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma].

The Cox multivariate regression analysis of survival rates in patients with non-metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, by taking into account both various clinical, anatomic, morphometric, and biomolecular factors and kariometric parameters, has revealed that Ki-67 and p53 expression rates along with histologic grade, a tumor portion made up of clear-cell components, and the presence/absence of tumor invasion into paranephral fat tissue are independent prognostic predictors of the disease. By applying the proposed three prognostic models (algorithms) using Ki-67 and p53 expression rates for predicting the corrected survival rates for patients with non-metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, the authors suggest that a combined biomolecular-morphometric model is of the greatest prognostic value.

[The Saint Petersburg Society of Pathologists is 100 years old].

The paper describes the history of the Saint Petersburg Society of pathologists since it was founded in 1909. It shows what great role is played by outstanding Russian medical scientists who have established their own schools of pathomorphologists and are respected in our and foreign countries. The activities of the society's members in research developments in cardiovascular and infectious diseases, cancer morphology, etc.

[Histological malignancy grade of renal cancer: karyo- and stereometric analysis].

Karyo- and stereometric analyses using a computer imaging scanner, an ocular grid, and a micrometer have established a significant association between the histological malignancy grade of non-metastatic clear-cell carcinoma of the kidney and the stage of the disease, TNM stage, tumor size, tumor portion comprising a clear-cell component, and various karyometric parameters. In addition, a correlation was found between the latter, TMN stage, and tumor size. A histological grading system of clear-cell carcinoma of the kidney has been developed, which involves the most complete and objective morphological characteristics of tumor cellular nuclei and nucleoli.

[Spinal osteochondrosis, mesenchymal dysplasia and herpes infection].

36 intervertebrate disks (IVD) were studied in spinal osteochondrosis concurrent with herniation. Expression of herpes simplex types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) antigens, which was absent in IVD of the control group (autopsy cases without disk hernia). The similarity of herniation in osteochondrosis and cardiac mesenchymal dysplasia, a frequent concomitance of these processes and the presence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 antigens in the IVD cells and cardiac valves may indicate the same nature of these diseases.

[Quality of histological diagnosis and methods of its assessment].

Two aspects of histological diagnosis quality are considered: sufficiency and significance of clinical information. The sufficiency is determined as correspondence to relevant standards, significance or validity is judged by comis on of detectability and incidence rate, by comparison of the conclusions of different pathologists.

[Proliferative activity by expression of antigen Ki-67 in solitary and multiple synchronous epithelial tumors of the colon].

Proliferative activity of sigmoid and rectal mucosa, and that of single and multiple (synchronous) adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the colon has been studied. A significant difference between antigen Ki-67 expression index in normal mucosa, adenomas and adenocarcinomas, and also in single and multiple colorectal cancers has been revealed.

[Mesenchymal dysplasia of heart valves, cystic medianecrosis of the aorta and herpetic infection].

Histologic and immunohistochemical studies (use of antibodies for viruses of herpes simplex type 1 and 2, desmin, vimentin, SMA as well as polymerase chain reaction to DNA of viruses of herpes simplex) were made on the material of the valves taken from 1326 patients with valvular heart disease, the ascending aorta of 30 patients with aneurysm, valves of 35 deceased patients without cardiovascular pathology. As a result, expression of viruses of herpes simplex type 1 and/or 2 was found in all cases with mesenchymal dysplasia and cystic medianecrosis in endotheliocytes, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells of valves and aorta. This indicates the role of these viruses in the pathogenesis of these diseases and their common etiology.

[Androgen and estrogen receptors in intact, hyperplastic, peritumorous and malignant prostate tissues: a link to proliferation and apoptosis (immunochemical study)].

A total of 134 samples of intact prostate tissue, nodular hyperplasia and prostate cancer were examined. Number of androgen-positive cells was 28.51 +/- 3.

[Isolated stenosis of the aortic orifice].

Five known to-day causes of the isolated aortal valve stenosis are reviewed: 1) atherosclerosis, 2) premature calcinosis of congenital bicuspidalis aortal valve; 3) rheumatism; 4) infectious endocarditis; 5) mesenchymal dysplasia. The authors consider that aortal valve calcinosis developing against the background of valve atherosclerosis complicates the above diseases and differential diagnosis of aortal stenosis causes.

[Structure and organization of the activities of the pathology services for adults in St. Petersburg].

Principles of organization of St. Petersburg pathology service are outlined. The service covers the Consultative and Methodological Council, the Department of Management and 53 departments including 12 departments attached to the city pathology bureau.

[Comparison of the indices of occurrence of the diagnoses as a method of assessing the quality of histological diagnostics (using intraepithelial and invasive uterine tumors as an example)].

The method of comparison of frequency of intraepithelial and invasive tumours established on biopsy and surgical material of uterine cervix and body is proposed. The frequency of invasive and intraepithelial tumours of uterine cervix in different anatomo-pathological cervices of general profile was 0.8-5.

[Proliferation and apoptosis of epithelium in prostate cancer, in a peritumor region, and in benign hyperplasia].

Indices of Ki67, Bc12 expression, mutant gene p53, nucleolar organizers activity and the percentage of cells having nucleic acids levels higher or lower of the diploid levels were determined in prostatic epithelium in cancer, in the peritumorous area and in the area of benign prostatic hyperplasia. A considerable variability of the tumor epithelium by the level of proliferative activity, apoptosis inhibition and expression of mutant p53 gene was established. Increased proliferative activity and predominance of epitheliocytes with a nucleic acids level higher as compared to the diploid one were revealed in the tumor epithelium.

[On the etiology of aortal insufficiency].

The authors describe the results of valvulometry, traditional histological and cytological investigations of dissected valves of 1084 patients and an analysis of causes of aortal insufficiency as compared to the literature data for the last 80 years. The main causes of heart valve diseases are considered to be mesenchymal dysplasia and infective endocarditis.

[Etiological diagnosis of isolated stenosis of the aortic valve].

We tried to objectivize etiologic diagnosis of isolated aortic stenosis. We studied 950 valves removed during operation on the heart and 15 valves of the dead patients without cardiac pathology using automatic semi-quantitative microscopic description of the valve pathology with further calculation of informative value of the signs. As a result of our investigation the list of the most important signs for the differential diagnosis was compiled.

[The acid-forming function of the stomach and the signs of chronic "restructuring" gastritis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis combined with clonorchiasis or metagonimiasis].

The study has shown that 100% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis concurrent with clonorchiasis and metagonimiasis develop a symptomatology of type A chronic gastritis with sharply inhibited gastric acid-producing function. The morphological features of this chronic atrophic gastritis are formation of surface microerosions and abrupt mucoidization of tegmental, foveolate, and cervical epitheliocytes.

[Pulmonary edema in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome].

Eight patients suffering from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) running a severe course complicated by pulmonary edema developed absolute hyperhistaminemia and hyperserotoninemia, histamine and serotonin accumulation in tissues. These amines inactivation in blood and lungs and excretion of catecholamines with urine got disturbed. High blood and lung tissue levels of biologically active substances resultant in enhanced permeability of the vascular wall and alveolar epithelium, hemodynamic disturbances due to hypoexcretory hypercatecholaminemia are thought to underlie the occurrence of this grave HFRS complication.

[The clinico-epidemiological characteristics of the course and diagnosis of tick-borne rickettsiosis in northern Asia].

The study of tick-borne rickettsiosis in Northern Asia has made it possible to determine the clinico-epidemiological features of the modern course of this disease, which should be taken into consideration for the timely diagnosis of this infection. The laboratory verification of the diagnosis should be carried out, as recommended by the authors, in the agar precipitation and leukocytosis tests in their modification.

[Clinical aspects and treatment of emergency states in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome].

Clinical, laboratory and original data collected for many years served the basis for proposed guides on intensive care in severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) involving acute cardiovascular and renal insufficiency, shock, rupture of the kidney, eclampsia, pulmonary edema, massive hemorrhage. The conclusion is made on the value of early diagnosis and adequate treatment of emergency states in reduction of HFRS mortality.

[Characteristics of endemic foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in various regions of the USSR].

Clinical, epizootological, and laboratory data for 9 endemic foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) were compared. The analysis covered 5120 cases of HFRS. It was established that in the foci, where the leading role is played by field mouse and Japanese field mouse, HFRS is caused by the 1st serotype of HFRS virus, and the clinical course of the disease is quite severe.