Rice transcription factor bHLH25 confers resistance to multiple diseases by sensing HO.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a ubiquitous signal regulating many biological processes, including innate immunity, in all eukaryotes. However, it remains largely unknown that how transcription factors directly sense HO in eukaryotes. Here, we report that rice basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factor bHLH25 directly senses HO to confer resistance to multiple diseases caused by fungi or bacteria.

Ecology of prophage-like elements in Bacillus subtilis at global and local geographical scales.

Prophages constitute a substantial portion of bacterial genomes, yet their effects on hosts remain poorly understood. We examine the abundance, distribution, and activity of prophages in Bacillus subtilis using computational and laboratory analyses. Genome sequences from the NCBI database and riverbank soil isolates reveal prophages primarily related to mobile genetic elements in laboratory strains.

Biocompatible Carbon Dots/Polyurethane Composites as Potential Agents for Combating Bacterial Biofilms: N-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots/Polyurethane and Gamma Ray-Modified Graphene Quantum Dots/Polyurethane Composites.

Pathogen bacteria appear and survive on various surfaces made of steel or glass. The existence of these bacteria in different forms causes significant problems in healthcare facilities and society. Therefore, the surface engineering of highly potent antimicrobial coatings is highly important in the 21st century, a period that began with a series of epidemics.

Genomic Diversity and Potential Transmission and Persistence of Salmonella in the Cambodian Vegetable Supply Chain.

S. enterica isolates (n = 78) obtained from the vegetable supply chain (farms, distribution centers, markets) in two Cambodian provinces (Siem Reap, Battambang) were sequenced and analyzed. In silico identification of serotypes and detection of antimicrobial resistance genes was performed using SISTR and ABRicate, respectively.

VIPAS39 related arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis syndrome-case report and systematic review.

Background: Arthrogryposis-renal dysfunction-cholestasis (ARC) syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder, exhibits genetic heterogeneity with the VIPAS39 gene pathological variants being a distinct contributor.

Results: We present two related patients from Kosovo, describing the clinical, genetic, and therapeutic aspects of the syndrome. The identified novel VIPAS39 pathological variants (c.

Impact of Improved Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures on Microbial Populations at Three Tree Fruit Packing Facilities.

Cleaning and sanitizing are of vital importance to control Listeria monocytogenes in food processing facilities. Here, we evaluated the effect of four cleaning and sanitation standard operating procedures (SSOPs; T1, T2, T3, T4) on the reduction of total aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, the occurrence of L. monocytogenes, and the microbiota composition in three tree fruit packing facilities (F1, F2, and F3) over two packing seasons (Y1 and Y2).

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria species and associated risk factors for contamination of milk and cottage cheese along the value chains in Ethiopia.

This study aimed to comprehensively examine the prevalence of L. monocytogenes and Listeria spp. in dairy products including raw milk, pasteurized milk, and cottage cheese, and identify potential risk factors for contamination throughout the dairy value chain in major milk sheds in Ethiopia.

Salmonella sp. Tied to Multistate Outbreak Isolated from Wastewater, United States, 2022.

We isolated Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg in raw wastewater from 2 Pennsylvania wastewater treatment facilities during June 2022. Whole genome sequencing revealed 4 isolates separated by <4 single nucleotide polymorphisms from S. enterica Senftenberg in a cluster from the 2022 nationwide outbreak linked to contaminated peanut butter.

Prevalence, genetic variants, and clinical implications of hypocholesterolemia in children.

Background And Aims: In contrast to extensively studied hypercholesterolemia, knowledge of hypocholesterolemia is limited. This study aims to assess the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and genetics of children and adolescents with hypocholesterolemia.

Methods: This national prospective cross-sectional cohort study was part of Slovenia's universal opt-out cholesterol screening program.

Integrating Genetic Insights, Technological Advancements, Screening, and Personalized Pharmacological Interventions in Childhood Obesity.

Childhood obesity is a significant global health challenge with rising prevalence over the past 50 years, affecting both immediate and long-term health outcomes. The increase in prevalence from 0.7% to 5.

Unusual Surgical Repair of Bronchoesophageal Fistula Following Esophagectomy.

Radical esophagectomy remains the only potentially curative option in the treatment of esophageal cancer. However, this procedure is burdened with high morbidity and mortality rates, even in high-volume centers. A tracheo- or bronchoesophageal fistula (TBF) is rare but is one of the most difficult life-threatening complications following an esophagectomy for cancer treatment.

Effects of Hydrogen Dissociation During Gas Flooding on Formation of Metal Hydride Cluster Ions in Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry.

The application of hydrogen flooding was recently shown to be a simple and effective approach for improved layer differentiation and interface determination during secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiling of thin films, as well as an approach with potential in the field of quantitative SIMS analyses. To study the effects of hydrogen further, flooding of H molecules was compared to reactions with atomic H on samples of pure metals and their alloys. H was introduced into the analytical chamber via a capillary, which was heated to approximately 2200 K to achieve dissociation.

The choice of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis impacted characterization of highly variable surface microbiota in dairy processing environments.

Accurate knowledge of the microbiota collected from surfaces in food processing environments is important for food quality and safety. This study assessed discrepancies in taxonomic composition and alpha and beta diversity values generated from eight different bioinformatic workflows for the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences extracted from the microbiota collected from surfaces in dairy processing environments. We found that the microbiota collected from environmental surfaces varied widely in density (0-9.

Outbreak-associated Baildon found in wastewater demonstrates how sewage monitoring can supplement traditional disease surveillance.

Non-typhoidal is a common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, but current non-typhoidal surveillance is suboptimal. Here, we evaluated the utility of wastewater monitoring to enhance traditional surveillance for this foodborne pathogen. In June 2022, we tested raw sewage collected twice a week from two treatment plants in central Pennsylvania for non-typhoidal and characterized isolates using whole-genome sequencing.

Moss spores: overlooked airborne bioparticles in an urban environment.

Moss spores are present in aerobiological samples, but their low representation, lack of known allergenic properties, and difficult identification have led to their being overlooked by aerobiologists so far. The data about their presence in the atmosphere and the factors that influence them are, however, important from the biodiversity conservation point of view, since they give us information about their ability to spread to new habitats. In this pilot study, we analysed their presence in the atmosphere of Bratislava city, Slovakia (2018-2023), using Burkard volumetric sampler, and determined the most significant factors influencing its temporal distribution.

Experimental Induction of Extreme Indented Growth Rings (Hazel Wood) in Miller by Wide and Long Parallel Bark and Vascular Cambium Woundings.

Indented growth rings were found long ago to be experimentally induced in Miller by thin parallel axial scratching of the bark up to the vascular cambium with a sharp blade. Here, we show that when the bark and vascular cambium of . are wounded by wide and long parallel axial wounds ("windows") rather than by thin scratches, the induced indented growth rings become dramatically more indented.

Genomic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from the Ethiopian dairy supply chain.

Campylobacteriosis outbreaks have previously been linked to dairy foods. While the genetic diversity of Campylobacter is well understood in high-income countries, it is largely unknown in low-income countries, such as Ethiopia. This study therefore aimed to conduct the first genomic characterization of Campylobacter isolates from the Ethiopian dairy supply chain to aid in future epidemiological studies.

Draft genome sequence of isolated from a bovine nasal swab: a novel member of the bovine nasal microbiota.

We report the isolation and draft genome sequence of a novel member of the bovine nasal microbiota. The genome, which is estimated to be 90.5% complete, is composed of one contig comprising 2,363,349 bp with a GC content of 36.

Phloroglucinol-Based Carbon Quantum Dots/Polyurethane Composite Films: How Structure of Carbon Quantum Dots Affects Antibacterial and Antibiofouling Efficiency of Composite Films.

Nowadays, bacteria resistance to many antibiotics is a huge problem, especially in clinics and other parts of the healthcare system. This critical health issue requires a dynamic approach to produce new types of antibacterial coatings to combat various pathogen microbes. In this research, we prepared a new type of carbon quantum dots based on phloroglucinol using the bottom-up method.