Low-Protein Infant Formula and Obesity Risk.

Infant formulas have been designed to mimic human milk for infants who cannot be breastfed. The overall goal is to establish similar functional outcomes to assure optimal growth, development, maturation of the immune system, and programming of the metabolic system. However, after decades of improving infant formula, growth patterns and body composition development are still different in formula-fed infants compared to breastfed infants, which could contribute to an increased risk of obesity among formula-fed infants.

Long-term effects of a modified, low-protein infant formula on growth and body composition: Follow-up of a randomized, double-blind, equivalence trial.

Background & Aim: High protein intake in early life is associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity. Feeding a modified lower-protein (mLP) infant formula (1.7 g protein/100 kcal) until the age of 6 months is safe and supports adequate growth.

Early-Life Metabolic and Hormonal Markers in Blood and Growth until Age 2 Years: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Infants Fed a Modified Low-Protein Infant Formula.

Background: High protein intake in early life is associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity. Dietary protein intake may be a key mechanistic modulator through alterations in endocrine and metabolic responses.

Objective: We aimed to determine the impact of different protein intake of infants on blood metabolic and hormonal markers at the age of four months.

Methods to Assess Fat Mass in Infants and Young Children: A Comparative Study Using Skinfold Thickness and Air-Displacement Plethysmography.

Background: Traditionally, fat mass is estimated using anthropometric models. Air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) is a relatively new technique for determining fat mass. There is limited information on the agreement between these methods in infants and young children.

A modified low-protein infant formula supports adequate growth in healthy, term infants: a randomized, double-blind, equivalence trial.

Background: A high protein intake in early life is associated with a risk of obesity later in life. The essential amino acid requirements of formula-fed infants have been reassessed recently, enabling a reduction in total protein content and thus in protein intake.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the safety of an infant formula with a modified amino acid profile and a modified low-protein (mLP) content in healthy term-born infants.

Results of phase 2 trials exploring the safety and efficacy of omiganan in patients with human papillomavirus-induced genital lesions.

Aims: To assess safety and tolerability and explore pharmacodynamics and efficacy of omiganan in external anogenital warts (AGW) and vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL).

Methods: Two randomized controlled trials in patients with external AGW and vulvar HSIL were conducted. Patients received topical omiganan 2.

No Association between Glucocorticoid Diurnal Rhythm in Breastmilk and Infant Body Composition at 3 Months.

Objective: Glucocorticoids (GCs) in breastmilk have previously been associated with infant body growth and body composition. However, the diurnal rhythm of breastmilk GCs was not taken into account, and we therefore aimed to assess the associations between breastmilk GC rhythmicity at 1 month and growth and body composition at 3 months in infants.

Methods: At 1 month postpartum, breastmilk GCs were collected over a 24-h period and analyzed by LC-MS/MS.

Body Composition Using Air Displacement Plethysmography in Children With Intestinal Failure Receiving Long-Term Home Parenteral Nutrition.

Background: Children with intestinal failure (IF) are at risk of growth failure, but little information about body composition is available. Our aim was to assess body composition using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and relate it to clinical and growth parameters.

Methods: In this prospective descriptive observational 2-center cohort study, children aged 2-18 years receiving home parenteral nutrition (PN) for ≥6 months underwent ADP measurement.

The Association between Breastmilk Glucocorticoid Concentrations and Macronutrient Contents Throughout the Day.

Background: Glucocorticoids (GCs) in breastmilk follow the maternal hypothalamus⁻pituitary⁻adrenal axis activity and may affect the offspring's growth and neurodevelopment. There is some evidence suggesting that macronutrients in breastmilk also fluctuate throughout the day. We aimed to research whether GCs and macronutrients are correlated in multiple breastmilk samples obtained over a 24-h period.

A randomized controlled proof-of-concept trial of digoxin and furosemide in adults with cutaneous warts.

Background: Topical ionic contraviral therapy (ICVT) with digoxin and furosemide inhibits the potassium influx on which DNA viruses rely for replication. Therefore, ICVT was hypothesized to be a potential novel treatment for cutaneous warts.

Objectives: To assess the clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of ICVT in adults with cutaneous warts.

Developing and validating the Cutaneous WARTS (CWARTS) diagnostic tool: a novel clinical assessment and classification system for cutaneous warts.

Background: The clinical appearance of cutaneous warts is highly variable and not standardized.

Objectives: To develop and validate a reproducible clinical tool for the standardized assessment of cutaneous warts to distinguish these lesions accurately.

Methods: Nine morphological characteristics were defined and validated regarding intra- and interobserver agreement.

Topical ionic contra-viral therapy comprised of digoxin and furosemide as a potential novel treatment approach for common warts.

Background: DNA viruses such as HPV rely on K influx for replication. Both digoxin and furosemide inhibit the K influx by interacting with cell membrane ion co-transporters (Na /K -ATPase and Na -K -2Cl co-transporter-1, respectively). We therefore hypothesized that these two compounds in a topical formulation may be valuable in the treatment of HPV-induced warts.

Morphological characteristics and human papillomavirus genotype predict the treatment response in cutaneous warts.

Background: Cutaneous warts have a cure rate after therapy of no more than approximately 50%. Recently, we developed and validated a standard assessment tool for warts (Cutaneous WARTS diagnostic tool, CWARTS) based on phenotypical characteristics.

Objectives: To assess whether patient and morphological wart characteristics predict the human papillomavirus (HPV) type in a specific wart and whether these characteristics as well as the HPV type predict a favourable treatment response.

Nutrition of infants and young children (one to three years) and its effect on later health: A systematic review of current recommendations (EarlyNutrition project).

Background: EarlyNutrition ( www.project-earlynutrition.eu ) is an international research project investigating the effects of early nutrition on metabolic programming.

p16 immunostaining in keratinocytic neoplasia in organ transplant recipients: Bowen's disease shows a characteristic pattern.

Background: For selecting therapy, it is important to distinguish different types of keratinocytic neoplasia. It is sometimes difficult to make histopathologic diagnosis, especially in organ transplant recipients (OTR) who develop numerous lesions.

Methods: To investigate p16 immunostaining in different types of keratinocytic neoplasia in OTR, we studied 59 actinic keratoses (AK), 51 Bowen' s disease (BD), 63 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 16 benign keratotic lesions (BKL) from 31 OTR patients and 25 controls (eczema and psoriasis).

Nutritional interventions or exposures in infants and children aged up to 3 years and their effects on subsequent risk of overweight, obesity and body fat: a systematic review of systematic reviews.

This study, performed as part of the international EarlyNutrition research project (http://www.project-earlynutrition.eu), provides a systematic review of systematic reviews on the effects of nutritional interventions or exposures in children (up to 3 years of age) on the subsequent risk of obesity, overweight and adiposity.

Physicians' Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Use of Opioids in Long-Term Care Facilities.

Background: Insufficient pain management in vulnerable older persons living in long-term care facilities is common, and opiophobia might contribute to this. As opiophobia and its related factors have not been investigated in long-term care, this study evaluates the degree of knowledge of opioids among elderly-care physicians (ECPs) and ECP trainees, as well as their attitudes and other factors possibly influencing the clinical use of opioids in these facilities.

Methods: A questionnaire was designed and distributed among ECPs and ECP trainees by email, regional symposia, and all three university training faculties for elderly-care medicine in the Netherlands.

Effect of Donor Milk on Severe Infections and Mortality in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants: The Early Nutrition Study Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Infections and necrotizing enterocolitis, major causes of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants, are reduced in infants fed their own mother's milk when compared with formula. When own mother's milk is not available, human donor milk is considered a good alternative, albeit an expensive one. However, most infants at modern neonatal intensive care units are predominantly fed with own mother's milk.

Optimal nutrition in lactating women and its effect on later health of offspring: A systematic review of current evidence and recommendations (EarlyNutrition project).

Background: EarlyNutrition ( www.project-earlynutrition.eu ) is an international research consortium investigating the effects of early nutrition on metabolic programming.

Protein Concentration in Milk Formula, Growth, and Later Risk of Obesity: A Systematic Review.

Background: Protein intake may influence important health outcomes in later life.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate current evidence on the effects of infant formulas and follow-on formulas with different protein concentrations on infants' and children's growth, body composition, and later risk of overweight and obesity.

Methods: In this systematic review, we searched electronic databases (including MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) up until November 2014 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

[Rosacea fulminans in pregnancy].

We present a 38-year-old woman who suddenly developed erythema with follicular papules and pustules on her face during the second trimester of pregnancy. The diagnosis 'rosacea fulminans' was made. This is an uncommon skin condition that predominantly affects younger women.

Dorsal capsuloplasty for dorsal instability of the distal ulna.

Background Dorsal instability of the distal ulna can lead to chronic wrist pain and loss of function. Structural changes to the dorsal radioulnar ligaments (DRUL) of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) and the dorsal capsule around the ulnar head with or without foveal detachment can lead to volar subluxation of the distal radius e.g.